Paleoanthropology: The last half-century

Evolutionary Anthropology

Volumn 9, Issue 1, 2000, Pages 2-16

  Tattersall, Ian ^a  

^a DIVISION OF INVERTEBRATE ZOOLOGY   (United States)

Author keywords

Evolutionary process; Hominid fossils; Human evolution; Paleoanthropology; Paleolithic archaeology

Indexed keywords

HOMINIDAE;

EID: 0034344656     PISSN: 10601538     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1520-6505(2000)9:1<2::AID-EVAN2>3.0.CO;2-2     Document Type: Article

References (124)

1. Tattersall I. 1995. The fossil trail: how we know what we think we know about human evolution. New York: Oxford University Press.
2. Dart R. 1925. Australopithecus africanus: the man-ape of South Africa. Nature 115:195-199.
3. Osborn HF. 1922. Orthogenesis as observed from paleontological evidence beginning in the year 1889. Am Naturalist 56:134-143.
4. Mayr E. 1982. The growth of biological thought: diversity, evolution, inheritance. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press (Belknap).
5. Haldane JBS. 1924-1932. A mathematical theory of natural and artificial selection. 9 parts. Trans Cambr Philos Soc.
6. Fisher RA. 1930. The genetical theory of natural selection. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
7. Wright S. 1931. Evolution in Mendelian populations. Genetics 16:97-159.
8. Dobzhansky T. 1937. Genetics and the origin of species. New York: Columbia University Press.
9. Mayr E. 1942. Systematics and the origin of species. New York: Columbia University Press.
10. Simpson GG. 1944. Tempo and mode in evolution. New York: Columbia University Press.
11. Eldredge N. 1985. Unfinished synthesis: biological hierarchies and modern evolutionary thought. New York: Oxford University Press.
12. Dobzhansky T. 1944. On species and races of living and fossil man. Am J Phys Anthropol n.s. 2:251-265.
13. Weidenreich F. 1940. Some problems dealing with ancient man. Am Anthropol 42:375-383.
14. Schaeffer B, Mayr E. 1998. Personal communications.
15. Mayr E. 1950. Taxonomic categories in fossil hominids. Cold Spring Harbor Symp Quant Biol 15:109-117.
16. Brace CL, Montagu A. 1965. Human evolution: an introduction to biological anthropology. New York: Macmillan.
17. Wolpoff MH. 1980. Paleoanthropology. New York: Knopf.
18. Leakey REF, Walker AC. Australopithecus, Homo erectus and the single species hypothesis. Nature 261:572-574.
19. Wolpoff MH. 1996. Human evolution. New York: McGraw-Hill.
20. Wolpoff MH, Thorne AG, Jelinek J, Zhang Y. 1994. The case for sinking Homo erectus: 100 years of Pithecanthropus is enough! Courier Forsch Inst Senckenberg 171:341-361.
21. Oakley KP. 1964. Frameworks for dating fossil man. Chicago: Aldine.
22. Fleagle JF. 1995. Too many species? Evol Anthropol 4:37-38.
23. Darwin C. 1859. On the origin of species by means of natural selection. London: John Murray.
24. Eldredge N, Gould S. 1972. Punctuated equilibria: an alternative to phyletic gradualism. In: Schopf T, editor. Models in paleobiology. San Francisco: Freeman, Cooper & Co, p 82-115.
25. Tattersall I. 1994. How does evolution work? Evol Anthropol 3:2-3.
26. Gould S, Eldredge N. 1993. Punctuated equilibria comes of age. Nature 366:223-227.
27. Tattersall I. 1998. Becoming human: evolution and human uniqueness. New York: Harcourt Brace.
28. Foley R. 1995. Humans before humanity. Oxford: Blackwell.
29. Eldredge N, Tattersall I. 1975. Evolutionary models, phylogenetic reconstruction, and another look at hominid phylogeny. In: Szalay FS, editor. Approaches to primate biology. Basel: Karger, p 218-242.
30. Hennig W. 1966. Phylogenetic systematics. Urbana, IL: University of Illinois Press.
31. Tattersall I, Eldredge N. 1977. Fact, theory and fantasy in human paleontology. Am Scientist 65:204-211.
32. Swofford DL. 1990. PAUP: phylogenetic analysis using parsimony, version 3.0. Champaign, IL: Illinois Natural History Survey.
33. Tattersall I. 1986. Species recognition in human paleontology. J Hum Evol 15:165-175.
34. Tattersall I. 1999. The abuse of adaptation. Evol Anthropol 7:115-116.
35. Linnaeus C. 1758. Systema naturae, 10th ed. Stockholm: Salvius.
36. Goodman M. 1962. Immunochemistry of the primates and primate evolution. Ann NY Acad Sci 102:219-234.
37. Delson E, Tattersall I, Van Couvering J and Brooks A, editors. 1999. Encyclopedia of human evolution and prehistory, 2nd ed. New York: Garland Publishing.
38. Sarich VM, Wilson AC. 1966. Quantitative immunochemistry and the evolution of primate albumins: micro-complement fixation. Science 154:1563-1566.
39. Sarich VM, Wilson AC. 1967. Immunological time-scale for hominid evolution. Science 158: 1200-1203.
40. King MC, Wilson AC. 1975. Evolution at two levels in humans and chimpanzees. Science 188: 107-116.
41. Tattersall I. 1993. The human odyssey. New York: Prentice Hall.
42. Krings M, Stone A, Schmitz RW, Krainitzki H, Stoneking M, Paabo S. 1997. Neandertal DNA sequences and the origin of modern humans. Cell 30:19-30.
43. McCown TD, Keith A. 1939. The Stone Age of Mount Carmel, volume 2. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
44. Howells WW. 1942. Fossil man and the origin of races. Am Anthropol 44:182-193.
45. Aiello L, Dean C. 1990. An introduction to human evolutionary anatomy. San Diego: Academic Press.
46. White TD, Suwa G, Asfaw B. 1995. Corrigendum. Nature 375:88.
47. White TD, Suwa G, Asfaw B. 1994. Australopithecus ramidus, a new species of early hominid from Aramis, Ethiopia. Nature 371:306-312.
48. WoldeGabriel G, White TD, Suwa G, Renne P, de Heinzelin J, Hart WK, Helken G. 1994. Ecological and temporal placement of early Pliocene hominids at Aramis, Ethiopia. Nature 371:330-333.
49. Leakey MG, Feibel CS, McDougall I, Walker A. 1995. New four-million-year-old hominid species from Kanapoi and Allia Bay, Kenya. Nature 376:565-571.
50. Leakey MG, Feibel CS, MacDougall I, Ward CV, Walker A. 1998. New specimens and confirmation of an early age for Australopithecus anamensis. Nature 363:62-66.
51. Ward C, Leakey M, Walker A. 1999. The new hominid species Australopithecus anamensis. Evol Anthropol 7:197-205.
52. Johanson D, White TD, Coppens Y. 1978. A new species of the genus Australopithecus (Primates: Hominidae) from the Pliocene of eastern Africa. Kirtlandia 28:2-14.
53. Waltèr RC, Aronson JL. 1993. Age and source of the Sidi Hakoma Tuff, Hadar Formation, Ethiopia. J Hum Evol 25:229-240.
54. Leakey MD, Harris JM, editors. 1987. Laetoli: a Pliocene site in northern Tanzania. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
55. Johanson D, Edgar B. 1996. From Lucy to language. New York: Simon and Schuster.
56. Kimbel WK, Johanson DC, Rak Y. 1994. The first skull and other new discoveries of Australopithecus afarensis at Hadar, Ethiopia. Nature 368:449-451.
57. Susman RL, Stern JT, Jungers WL. 1985. Locomotor adaptations in the Hadar hominids. In: Delson E, editor. Ancestors: the hard evidence. New York: Alan R. Liss. p 184-192.
58. Taieb M, Tiercelin J-J. 1979. Sédimentation pliocène et paleoenvironnements du Rift: exemple de la formation à hominidés d'Hadar (Afar, Ethiopia). Bull Soc Geol France 21:243-253.
59. Clarke RJ, Tobias PV. 1995. Sterkfontein Member 2 foot bones of the oldest South African hominid. Science 269:521-524.
60. Brain CK, Shipman P. 1993. The Swartkrans bone tools. In: Brain CK, editor. Swartkrans: A cave's chronicle of early man. Pretoria: Transvaal Museum. Transvaal Museum Monograph no. 8. p 195-215.
61. Lee-Thorp JA, van der Merwe NJ, Brain CK. 1994. Diet of Australopithecus robustus at Swartkrans from stable carbon isotopic analysis. J Hum Evol 27:361-372.
62. Sponheimer M, Lee-Thorp JA. 1999. Isotopic evidence for the diet of an early hominid, Australopithecus africanus. Science 283:368-370.
63. Vrba ES. 1995. Ecological and adaptive changes associated with early hominid evolution. In: Delson E, editor. Ancestors: the hard evidence. New York: Alan R. Liss. p 63-71.
64. Coppens Y 1994. East side story: the origin of humankind. Sci Am 271:88-95.
65. Brunet M, Beauvilain A, Coppens Y, Heintz E, Moutaye AHE, Pilbeam D. 1996. Australopithecus bahrelghazali, une nouvelle espèce d'Hominidé ancien de la région de Koro Toro (Tchad). C R Acad Sei Paris [IIa] 322:907-913.
66. Walker AC, Leakey RE, Harris JM, Brown FH. 1986. 2.5-myr Australopithecus boisei from west of Lake Turkana, Kenya. Nature 322:517-522.
67. Asfaw B, White T, Lovejoy O, Latimer B, Simpson S, Suwa G. 1999. Australopithecus garhi: a new species of early hominid from Ethiopia. Science 284:629-635.
68. Leakey LSB, Tobias, PV, Napier J. 1964. A new species of Homo from Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania. Nature 202:308-312.
69. Tattersall I. 1992. The many faces of Homo habilis. Evol Anthropol 1:33-37.
70. Wood B. 1992. Origin and evolution of the genus Homo. Nature 355:783-790.
71. Alexeev VP. 1986. The origin of the human race. Creighton HC, translator. Moscow: Progress Publishers.
72. Schrenk F, Bromage TG, Betzler CG, Ring U, Juwayeyi YM. 1993. Oldest Homo and Pliocene biogeography of the Malawi Rift. Nature 365: 833-836.
73. Hughes AR, Tobias PV. 1977. A fossil skull probably of Homo from Sterkfontein, Transvaal. Nature 265:310-312.
74. Johanson DC, Masao FT, Eck GG, White TD, Walter RC, Kimbel WH, Asfaw B, Manega P, Ndessokia P, Suwa G. 1987. New partial skeleton of Homo habilis from Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania. Nature 327:205-209.
75. Hartwig-Scherer S, Martin RD. 1991. Was "Lucy" more human than her child? J Hum Evol 21:439-449.
76. Kimbel WH, Walter RC, Johanson DC, Reed KE, Aronson JL, Assefa Z, Marean CW, Eck GG, Bobe R, Hovers E, Rak Y, Vondra C, Yemane T, York D, Chen Y, Evensen MN, Smith PE. Late Pliocene Homo and Oldowan tools from the Hadar Formation (Kadar Hadar Member), Ethiopia. J Hum Evol 31:549-561.
77. Wood B, Collard M. 1999. The human genus. Science 284:65-69.
78. de Heinzelin J, Clark JD, White T, Hart W, Renne P, Wolde-Gabriel Y, Bayene Y, Vrba E. 1999. Environment and behavior of 2.5 -million-year-old Bouri hominids. Science 284:625-629.
79. Toth N, Schick KD, Savage-Rumbaugh S, Sevcik RA, Rumbaugh DM. 1993. Pan the toolmaker: investigations into the stone tool-making capabilities of a bonobo (Pan paniscus). J Archaeol Sci 20:81-91.
80. Walker A, Leakey R, editors. 1993. The Nariokotome Homo erectus skeleton. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
81. Schwantz JH. 1999. Sudden origins. New York: Wiley.
82. Groves C, Mazak V. 1975. An approach to the taxonomy of the Hominidae: gracile Villafranchian hominids of Africa. Cas Mineral Geologii 20:225-247.
83. Schwartz JH, Tattersall I. 1999. Morphology and diversity in fossil hominids: accepting Homo erectus and Homo ergaster as separate taxa is just the beginning. Am J Phys Anthropol [Suppl] 28: 246.
84. Schick KD, Toth N. 1993. Making silent stones speak. New York: Simon & Schuster.
85. Roche H. 1995. Les industries de la limite Plio-Pleistocène et du Pleistocène ancien en Afrique. Abstr Cong Int Pal Humana Orce 93.
86. Tattersall I. 1997. Out of Africa again . . . and again? Sei Am 276:46-53.
87. Swisher CCI, Curtis GH, Jacob T, Getty AG, Suprijo A, Widiasmoro. 1994. Age of the earliest known hominids in Java, Indonesia. Science 263: 1118-1121.
88. Huang W, Ciochon R, Yumin G, Larick R, Fang Q, Schwarcz H, Yonge C, de Vos J, Rink W. 1995. Early Homo and associated artefacts from Asia. Nature 378:275-278.
89. Wu R, Olsen JW, editors. 1985. Palaeoanthropology and Paleolithic archaeology in the People's Republic of China. Orlando, FL: Academic Press.
90. Gahunia L, Vekua A. 1995. A Plio-Pleistocene hominid from Dmanisi, east Georgia, Caucasus. Nature 373:509-512.
91. Dennell RW, Rendell H, Hailwood E. 1988. Late Pliocene artifacts from northern Pakistan. Curr Anthropol 29:495-498.
92. Swisher CC, Rink WJ, Anton SC, Schwarcz GH, Suprijo A, Widiasmoro. 1996. Latest Homo erectus of Java: potential contemporaneity with Homo sapiens in southeast Asia. Science 274: 1870-1873.
93. Bonifay E. 1989. Un site du très ancien Palćolithique de plus de 2 M.a. dans le Massif Central français: Saint-Eble-Le Coupet (Haute-Loire). C R Acad Sci Paris [II] 308:1567-1570.
94. Bermudez de Castro JM, Arsuaga JL, Carbonell E, Rosas A, Martinez I, Mosquera M. 1997. A hominid from the Lower Pleistocene of Atapuerca, Spain: possible ancestor to Neandertals and modern humans. Science 276:1392-1395.
95. Ascenzi A, Bidittu I, Cassoli PF, Segre AG, Segre-Naldini E. 1996. A calvarium of late Homo erectus from Ceprano, Italy. J Hum Evol 31:409-423.
96. Schoetensack O. 1908. Der Unterkiefer des Homo heidelbergensis aus den Sanden von Mauer bei Heidelberg. Leipzig: Wilhelm Engelmann.
97. de Lumley H. 1969. A Paleolithic camp at Nice. Sci Am 220:42-50.
98. Villa P. 1983. Terra Amata and the Middle Pleistocene archaeological record of western France. Univ Ca Publ Anthropol 13:1-303.
99. Mania D, Vlcek E. 1987. Homo erectus from Bilzingsleben (GDR): his culture and his environment. Anthropologie (Brno) 35:1-45.
100. Thieme H. 1997. Lower Palaeolithic hunting spears from Germany. Nature 385:807-810.
101. Stringer C, Gamble C. 1993. In search of the Neanderthals. London: Thames and Hudson.
102. Stringer CB. 1996. Current issues in modern human origins. In: Howell FC, Jablonski N, editors. Contemporary issues in human evolution. San Francisco: California Academy of Sciences, p 115-134.
103. Schwartz JH, Tattersall I. 1996. Toward distinguishing Homo neanderthalensis from Homo sapiens, and vice versa. Anthropologie (Brno) 34: 79-88.
104. Arsuaga JL, Bermudez de Castro JM, Carbonell E, editors. 1997. Special issue: the Sima de los Huesos hominid site. J Hum Evol 33:105-421.
105. Hublin JJ, Spoor F, Braun M, Zonnefeld F, Condemi S. 1996. A late Neanderthal associated with Upper Palaeolithic artifacts. Nature 381:224-226.
106. Schwartz JH, Tattersall I. 1996. Significance of some previously unrecognized apomorphies in the nasal region of Homo neanderthalensis. Proc Natl Acad Sei USA 93:10852-10854.
107. Franciscus RG. 1999. Neanderthal nasal structures and upper respiratory tract "specialization." Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 96:1805-1809.
108. Murphy MS, Monge J. Mann A. 1998. Unique Neanderthal noses: variation in the internal morphology of the nose. Am J Phys Anthropol [Suppl] 26:168.
109. Laitman JT, Reidenberg, JS, Marquez S, Gannon P. 1996. What the nose knows: new understandings of Neanderthal upper respiratory tract specializations. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 93:10543-10545.
110. Schmitz R, Thissen J. 1999. New human remains and the first archaeological finds from the rediscovered site of the Neandertal-type specimen. Abstracts of workshop: Central and Eastern Europe from 50,000-30,000 BP. Mettmann: Neanderthal Museum.
111. Tattersall I. 1998. Neanderthal genes: what do they mean? Evol Anthropol 6:157-158.
112. Relethford J. 1999. Models, predictions, and the fossil record of modern human origins. Evol Anthropol 8:7-10.
113. Dùarte C, Mauricio J, Pettit PB, Souto P, Trinkaus E, van der Plicht H, Zilhao J. 1999. The Upper Paleolithic human skeleton from the Abrigo do Lagar Velho (Portugal) and modern human emergence in Iberia. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 96:7604-7609.
114. Tattersall I, Schwartz JH. 1999. Hominids and hybrids: the place of Neanderthals in human evolution. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 96:7117-7119.
115. Antunes MT, Cunha AS, Schwartz JH, Tattersall I. 1999. The latest Neanderthals: evidence from Portugal. Mem Acad Sci Lisboa (in press).
116. Stringer C, McKie R. 1996. African exodus. London: Cape.
117. Aitken MJ, Stringer CB, Mellars PA, editors. 1993. The origin of modern humans and the impact of Chronometrie dating. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
118. Stoneking M. 1993. DNA and recent human evolution. Evol Anthropol 2:60-73.
119. Valladas H, Reyss JL, Joron JL, Valladas G, Bar-Yosef O, Vandermeersch B. 1988. Thermoluminescence dating of Mousterian "proto-Cro-Magnon" remains from Israel and the origin of modern man. Nature 331:614-616.
120. Akazawa T, Aoki K, Bar-Yosef O, editors. 1998. Neandertals and modern humans in western Asia. New York: Plenum Press.
121. Lahr MM, Foley R. 1998. Towards a theory of modern human origins: geography, demography and diversity in recent human evolution. Yrbk Phys Anthropol 41:137-176.
122. Klein RG. 1999. The human career, 2nd ed. Chicago: Chicago University Press.
123. Tattersall I. 1998. The origin of the human capacity. New York: James Arthur Lecture Series, American Museum of Natural History, p 1-27.
124. Gould S, Vrba E. 1982. Exaptation: a missing term in the science of form. Paleobiology 8:4-15.