Enoxaparin: A review of its use as thromboprophylaxis in acutely III, nonsurgical patients

Drugs

Volumn 65, Issue 7, 2005, Pages 1025-1036

  Siddiqui, M Asif A ^a   Wagstaff, Antona J ^a  

^a ADIS INTERNATIONAL LIMITED   (New Zealand)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BLOOD CLOTTING FACTOR 10A; ENOXAPARIN; HEPARIN; LIVER ENZYME; LOW MOLECULAR WEIGHT HEPARIN; PLACEBO; PROTHROMBIN A;

ACUTE DISEASE; AREA UNDER THE CURVE; BLEEDING; CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTROLLED STUDY; COST EFFECTIVENESS ANALYSIS; DOSE CALCULATION; DOUBLE BLIND PROCEDURE; DRUG BIOAVAILABILITY; DRUG CLEARANCE; DRUG COST; DRUG DISTRIBUTION; DRUG EFFICACY; DRUG HALF LIFE; DRUG PROTEIN BINDING; DRUG TOLERABILITY; HEMATOMA; HUMAN; IMMOBILIZATION STRESS; INCIDENCE; INJECTION SITE REACTION; KAPLAN MEIER METHOD; LIVER DYSFUNCTION; META ANALYSIS; NEUROSURGERY; PHARMACODYNAMICS; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; REVIEW; SHORT COURSE THERAPY; SYSTEMATIC REVIEW; THROMBOCYTOPENIA; THROMBOSIS PREVENTION; VENOUS THROMBOEMBOLISM;

ACUTE DISEASE; ANTICOAGULANTS; ANTITHROMBINS; BLOOD COAGULATION; ENOXAPARIN; HEMORRHAGE; HUMANS; THROMBOSIS;

EID: 18644365897     PISSN: 00126667     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2165/00003495-200565070-00009     Document Type: Review

References (55)

1. Geerts WH, Pineo GF, Heit JA, et al. Prevention of venous thromboembolism: the Seventh ACCP Conference on Antithrombotic and Thrombolytic Therapy. Chest 2004; 126 (3 Suppl.): 338S-400S
2. Heit JA, Silverstein MD, Mohr DN, et al. The epidemiology of venous thromboembolism in the community. Thromb Haemost 2001; 86 (1): 452-63
3. Heit JA, Silverstein MD, Mohr DN, et al. Predictors of survival after deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism: a population-based cohort study. Arch Intern Med 1999; 159 (5): 445-53
4. Nicolaides AN, Breddin HK, Fareed J, et al. Prevention of venous thromboembolism. International Consensus Statement. Guidelines compiled in accordance with the scientific evidence. Int Angiol 2001 Mar; 20 (1): 1-37
5. Aventis Pharmaceuticals Inc. Product information (US): Lovenox® (enoxaparin sodium) injection, 100 and 150 mg/mL [online]. Available from URL: http://www.aventispharmaus.com/ [Accessed 2005 Mar 11]
6. Noble S, Peters DH, Goa KL. Enoxaparin: a reappraisal of its pharmacology and clinical applications in the prevention and treatment of thromboembolic disease. Drugs 1995; 49 (3): 388-410
7. Ibbotson T, Goa KL. Enoxaparin: an update of its clinical use in the management of acute coronary syndromes. Drugs 2002; 62 (9): 1407-31
8. Warner GT, Perry CM. Enoxaparin: in the prevention of venous thromboembolism in medical patients. Am J Cardiovasc Drug 2001; 1 (6): 477-81
9. Fareed J, Hoppensteadt D, Walenga J, et al. Pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties of enoxaparin: implications for clinical practice. Clin Pharmacokinet 2003; 42 (12): 1043-57
10. Bara L, Bloch MF, Zitoun D, et al. Comparative effects of enoxaparin and unfractionated heparin in healthy volunteers on prothrombin consumption in whole blood during coagulation, and release of tissue factor pathway inhibitor. Thromb Res 1993; 69 (5): 443-52
11. Matthiasson SE, Lindblad B, Stjernquist U, et al. The haemorrhagic effect of low molecular weight heparins, dermatan sulphate and hirudin. Haemostasis 1995; 25 (5): 203-11
12. Gerotziafas GT, Bara L, Bloch MF, et al. Comparative effects of synthetic pentasaccharide, low-molecular-weight heparin, unfractionated heparin and recombinant hirudin on the generation of factor VIIa and prothrombin activation after coagulation of human plasma. Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis 1998; 9 (7): 571-80
13. Gerotziafas GT, Zafiropoulos A, Van Dreden P, et al. Inhibition of factor VIIa generation and prothrombin activation by treatment with enoxaparin in patients with unstable angina. Br J Haematol 2003; 120 (4): 611-7
14. Cade JF, Buchanan MR, Boneu B, et al. A comparison of the antithrombotic and haemorrhagic effects of low molecular weight heparin fractions: the influence of the method of preparation. Thromb Res 1984; 35 (6): 613-25
15. Padilla A, Gray E, Pepper DS, et al. Inhibition of thrombin generation by heparin and low molecular weight (LMW) heparins in the absence and presence of platelet factor 4 (PF4). Br J Haematol 1992; 82 (2): 406-13
16. Bendz B, Hansen JB, Andersen TO, et al. Partial depletion of tissue factor pathway inhibitor during subcutaneous administration of unfractionated heparin, but not with two low molecular weight heparins. Br J Haematol 1999; 107 (4): 756-62
17. van Rijn JLML, Trillou M, Mardiguian T, et al. Selective binding of heparins to human endothelial cells: implications for pharmacokinetics. Thromb Res 1987; 45 (3): 211-22
18. Young E, Cosmi B, Weitz J, et al. Comparison of the non-specific binding of unfractionated heparin and low molecular weight heparin (enoxaparin) to plasma proteins. Thromb Haemost 1993; 70 (4): 625-30
19. Frydman AM, Bara L, Le Roux Y, et al. The antithrombotic activity and pharmacokinetics of enoxaparine, a low molecular weight heparin, in humans given single subcutaneous doses of 20 to 80 mg. J Clin Pharmacol 1988; 28 (7): 609-18
20. Hurst AK, Pickens PA, Chenella FC, et al. Enoxaparin pharmacokinetics in acutely ill hospitalized patients [abstract no. 89]. Pharmacotherapy 2000 Oct; 20 (10): 1244
21. Hulot J-S, Vantelon C, Urien S, et al. Effect of renal function on the pharmacokinetics of enoxaparin and consequences on dose adjustment. Ther Drug Monit 2004; 26 (3): 305-10
22. Sanderink G-J, Guimart C, Jariwala N, et al. Enoxaparin pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in renal impairment [abstract no. 1076-169]. J Am Coll Cardiol 2001 Feb; 37 (2 Suppl. A): 229
23. Brophy DF, Wazny LD, Gehr TWB, et al. The pharmacokinetics of subcutaneous enoxaparin in end-stage renal disease. Pharmacotherapy 2001 Feb; 21 (2): 169-74
24. Sanderink G-J, Le Liboux A, Jariwala N, et al. The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of enoxaparin in obese volunteers. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2002 Sep; 72 (3): 308-18
25. Dahan R, Houlbert D, Caulin C, et al. Prevention of deep vein thrombosis in elderly medical inpatients by a low molecular weight heparin: a randomized double-blind trial. Haemostasis 1986; 16 (2): 159-64
26. Bergmann JF, Neuhart E. A multicenter randomized double-blind study of enoxaparin compared with unfractionated heparin in the prevention of venous thromboembolic disease in elderly in-patients bedridden for an acute medical illness: the Enoxaparin in Medicine Study Group. Thromb Haemost 1996 Oct; 76 (4): 529-34
27. Samama MM, Cohen AT, Darmon J-Y, et al. A comparison of enoxaparin with placebo for the prevention of venous thromboembolism in acutely ill medical patients. N Engl J Med 1999 Sep 9; 341 (11): 793-800
28. Lechler E, Schramm W, Flosbach CW, et al. The venous thrombotic risk in non-surgical patients: epidemiological data and efficacy/safety profile of a low-molecular-weight heparin (enoxaparin). Haemostasis 1996 Mar; 26 Suppl. 2: 49-56
29. Hillbom M, Erila T, Sotaniemi K, et al. Enoxaparin vs heparin for prevention of deep-vein thrombosis in acute ischaemic stroke: a randomized, double-blind study. Acta Neurol Scand 2002 Aug; 106 (2): 84-92
30. Kleber F-X, Witt C, Vogel G, et al. Randomized comparison of enoxaparin with unfractionated heparin for the prevention of venous thromboembolism in medical patients with heart failure or severe respiratory disease. Am Heart J 2003 Apr; 145 (4): 614-21
31. Harenberg J, Schomaker U, Flosbach CW. Enoxaparin is superior to unfractionated heparin in the prevention of thromboembolic events in medical patients at increased thromboembolic risk [abstract no. 1767]. Blood 1999 Nov 15; 94 (Pt 1 Suppl. 1): 399
32. de Lissovoy G, Subedi P. Economic evaluation of enoxaparin as prophylaxis against venous thromboembolism in seriously ill medical patients: a US perspective. Am J Manag Care 2002 Dec; 8 (12): 1082-8.
33. Lamy A, Wang X, Kent R, et al. Economic evaluation of the MEDENOX trial: a Canadian perspective. Can Respir J 2002; 9 (3): 169-77
34. Lloyd AC, Anderson PM, Quinlan DJ, et al. Economic evaluation of the use of enoxaparin for thromboprophylaxis in acutely ill medical patients. J Drag Assess 2001; 4 (Pt 2): 145-59
35. Offord R, Lloyd AC, Anderson P, et al. Economic evaluation of enoxaparin for the prevention of venous thromboembolism in acutely ill medical patients. Pharm World Sci 2004; 26 (4): 214-20
36. Lloyd A, Anderson P, Quinlan DJ, et al. Economic evaluation of prophylaxis of venous thromboembolism in acute medical patients with enoxaparin in the UK [abstract no. 3659]. Blood 2000; 96 (Pt 1): 847a
37. Nuijten MJ, Villar FA, Kosa J, et al. Cost-effectiveness of enoxaparin as thromboprophylaxis in acutely ill medical patients in Spain. Value Health 2003; 6 (2): 126-36
38. Nuijten MJC, Mussi N, Kosa J, et al. Cost-effectiveness of enoxaparin as thromboprophylaxis in acutely ill medical patients in Brazil [abstract no. PCV 12]. Value Health 2002; 5 (6): 482
39. Nuijten M, Berto P, Kosa J, et al. Economic evaluation of enoxaparin in patients with acute medical illness: an Italian economic study from the MEDENOX Trial [abstract no. PCV 17]. Value Health 2001; 4 (6): 494-5
40. Pechevis M, Detournay B, Pribil C, et al. Economic evaluation of enoxaparin vs. placebo for the prevention of venous thromboembolism in acutely ill medical patients. Value Health 2000; 3 (6): 389-96
41. Schädlich PK, Kentsch M, Weber M, et al. Economic evaluation of the MEDENOX (prophylaxis in medical patients with enoxaparin) trial from the perspective of hospitals in Germany: results of a subgroup analysis [abstract no. PCV39]. Value Health 2003; 6 (6): 657-658.
42. Plus poster presented at the International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research 6th Annual European Congress; 2003 Nov 9-11; Barcelona
43. Aventis Pharma Ltd. Product information (UK): Clexane® (enoxaparin sodium) injection, 100 and 150 mg/mL [online]. Available from URL: http://www.emc.medicines.org.uk/ [Accessed 2005 Mar 11]
44. Heit JA, O'Fallon WM, Petterson TM, et al. Relative impact of risk factors for deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism: a population-based study. Arch Intern Med 2002; 162 (11): 1245-8
45. Tapson VF. Prophylaxis strategies for patients with acute venous thromboembolism. Am J Manag Care 2001; 7 (17 Suppl.): S524-31
46. Lindblad B, Sternby NH, Bergqvist D. Incidence of venous thromboembolism verified by necropsy over 30 years. BMJ 1991; 302 (6778): 709-11
47. Sandler DA, Martin JF. Autopsy proven pulmonary embolism in hospital patients: are we detecting enough deep vein thrombosis? J R Soc Med 1989; 82 (4): 203-5
48. Clagett GP, Anderson Jr PA, Geerts W, et al. Prevention of venous thromboembolism Chest 1998; 114 (5 Suppl.): 531S-60S
49. Alikhan R, Cohen AT, Combe S, et al. Risk factors for venous thromboembolism in hospitalized patients with acute medical illness: analysis of the MEDENOX study. Arch Intern Med 2004; 164 (9): 963-8
50. Anderson Jr FA, Spencer FA. Risk factors for venous thromboembolism. Chest 2003; 107 (23 Suppl. 1): 19-116
51. Haas S. Prevention of venous thromboembolism: recommendations based on the International Consensus and the American College of Chest Physicians Sixth Consensus Conference on Antithrombotic Therapy. Clin Appl Thromb Hemost 2001 Jul; 7 (3): 171-7
52. National Experts' Consensus Panel for Clinical Excellence in Thrombosis Management. Venous thromboembolism (VTE) prophylaxis in the hospitalized medical patient: year 2003 DVT prophylaxis consensus panel guidelines and recommendations [online]. Available from URL: http://www.thrombosis-consult com/ [Accessed 2005 Feb 26]
53. Alikhan R, Cohen AT. A safety analysis of thromboprophylaxis in acute medical illness [letter]. Thromb Haemost 2003; 89 (3): 590-1
54. Bergqvist D. Enoxaparin: a pharmacoeconomic review of its use in the prevention and treatment of venous thromboembolism and in acute coronary syndromes. Pharmacoeconomics 2002; 20 (4): 225-43
55. Hull R, Schellong S, Tapson V, et al. Extended thromboprophylaxis with enoxaparin in acutely ill medical patients with prolonged periods of immobilisation: the EXCLAIM study [abstract no. OC397]. Nineteenth Congress of the International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasia; 2003 Jul 12-18; Birmingham