Evaluation of ionospheric sporadic-E clutter in an arctic environment for the assessment of high-frequency surface-wave radar surveillance

IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing

Volumn 43, Issue 5, 2005, Pages 1180-1188

  Thayaparan, Thayananthan ^a   MacDougall, John ^b  

^a DEFENCE RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CANADA   (Canada)

^b UNIVERSITY OF WESTERN ONTARIO   (Canada)

Author keywords

E region; High frequency; High frequency surface wave radar; Ionogram; Ionosonde; Ionosphere; Ionospheric clutter; Sporadic E

Indexed keywords

AIRCRAFT; APPROXIMATION THEORY; DATA REDUCTION; ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVE POLARIZATION; ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVE PROPAGATION; IONOSPHERE; OCEANOGRAPHY;

E-REGION; HIGH FREQUENCY; HIGH-FREQUENCY SURFACE-WAVE RADAR; IONOGRAM; IONOSONDE; IONOSPHERIC CLUTTER; SPORADIC E;

SURVEILLANCE RADAR;

EID: 18444399224     PISSN: 01962892     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1109/TGRS.2005.844661     Document Type: Conference Paper

References (29)

1. H. C. Chan, "Iceberg detection and tracking using high frequency surface wave radar," Defence R & D Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada, DREO TR-1310, 1997.
2. _, "Detection and tracking of low-altitude aircraft using HF surface-wave radar," Defence R & D Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada, DREO TR-1334, 1998.
3. H. Wilson and H. Leong, "A technical evaluation of the high frequency surface wave radar at Cape Race, Newfoundland," Defence R & D Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada, DREO TR 2003-013, 2003.
4. O. M. Johannessen, E. V. Shalina, and M. W. Miles, "Satellite evidence for an Arctic sea ice cover in transformation," Science, vol. 286, pp. 1937-1939, 1999.
5. D. A. Rothrock, J. Zhang, and Y. Yu, "The Arctic ice thickness anomaly of the 1990s: A consistent view from observations and models," J. Geophys. Rev., vol. 103, no. C3, pp. 28-37, 2003.
6. A. D. Thomson and T. D. Quach, "Application of parabolic equation methods to HF propagation in an Arctic environment," IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., vol. 53, no. 1, pp. 412-419, Jan. 2005.
7. H. Leong, C. Helleur, and M. Rey, "Ship detection and tracking using HF surface wave radar," in Proc. IEE Int. Radar Conf., Edinburgh, U.K., Oct. 15-17, 2002.
8. R. D. Hunsucker, Radio Techniques for Probing the Terrestial Ionosphere. Berlin, Germany: Springer-Verlag, 1991.
9. T. Thayaparan, "Numerical analysis of the response of HF radar to meteor backscatter detection," Proc. Inst. Elect. Eng., Radar, Sonar, Navigat., vol. 149, no. 2, pp. 83-88, 2002.
10. J. W. MacDougall, P. T. Jayachandran, and J. M. C. Plane, "Polar cap sporadic-E: Part 1, observations," J. Atmos. Terr. Phys., vol. 62, pp. 1155-1167, 2000.
11. J. W. MacDougall, J. M. C. Plane, and P. T. Jayachandran, "Polar cap sporadic-E: Part 2, modeling," J. Atmos. Terr. Phys., vol. 62, pp. 1169-1176, 2000.
12. E. K. Smith, Ionospheric E, International Series of Monographs on Electromagnetic Waves. New York: Pergamon, 1962.
13. A. Egeland, O. Holler, and A. Omhold, Cosmical geophysics. Oslo, Norway: Universitetsforlaget, 1973.
14. S. Kirkwood and U. Von Zahn, "On the role of auroral electric fields in the formation of low altitude-E and sudden sodium layers," J. Atmos. Terr. Phys., vol. 53, no. 5, pp. 389-407, 1991.
15. M. L. Parkinson, D. P. Monselesan, P. R. Smith, P. L. Dyson, and R. J. Morris, "Digital ionosonde measurements of the height variation of drift velocity in the southern polar cap ionosphere: Initial results," J. Geophys. Res., vol. 102, no. A11, pp. 24075-24090, 1997.
16. T. Nygren, L. Jalonen, J. Oksman, and T. Turunen, "The role of electric field and neutral wind direction in the formation of sporadic-E layers," J. Atmos. Terr. Phys., vol. 46, no. 4, pp. 373-381, 1984.
17. W. A. Bristow and B. J. Watkins, "Incoherent scatter observations of thin ionization layers at Sondrestrom," J. Atmos. Terr. Phys., vol. 55, no. 6, pp. 873-894, 1993.
18. _, "Effect of the large-scale convection electric field structure on the formation of thin ionization layers at high latitudes," J. Atmos. Terr. Phys., vol. 56, no. 3, pp. 401-415, 1993.
19. L. N. Mankarova and A. V. Shirochkov, "Nature of the plar cap Es ionization," presented at the Peaceful Valley Workshop, 1995.
20. M. L. Parkinson, P. L. Dyson, D. P. Monselesan, and R. J. Morris, "On the role of electric field direction in the formation of sporadic-E layers in the southern polar cap ionosphere," J. Atmos. Terr. Phys., vol. 60, no. 4, pp. 471-491, 1998.
21. W. Wan, M. L. Parkinson, P. L. Dyson, A. M. Breed, and R. J. Morris, "A statistical study of the interplanetary magnetic field control of sporadic E-layer occurrence in the southern polar cap ionosphere," J. Atmos. Terr. Phys., vol. 61, pp. 1357-1366, 1999.
22. D. F. Bedey and B. J. Watkins, "Large scale transport of metallic ions and the occurrence of thin ion layers in the polar ionosphere," J. Geophy. Res., vol. 102, no. A5, pp. 9675-9681, 1997.
23. C. J. Heinselman, J. P. Thayer, and B. J. Watkins, "A high-latitude observation of sporadic sodium and sporadic E-layer formation," Geophy. Res. Lett., vol. 25, pp. 3059-3062, 1998.
24. S. Kirkwood and U. Von Zahn, "Formation mechanism for low-altitude Es and their relationship with neutral Fe layers: Results from the METAL campaign," J. Geophy. Res., vol. 98, no. A12, pp. 21549-21561, 1993.
25. S. Kirkwood, "Thin layers in the high-latitude lower ionosphere," Adv. Space Res., vol. 19, no. 1, pp. 149-158, 1997.
26. T. Thayaparan and S. Kennedy, "Detection of a maneuvering air target in sea-clutter using joint time-frequency analysis techniques," Proc. Inst. Elect. Eng., Radar, Sonar, Navigat., vol. 151, no. 1, pp. 19-30, 2004.
27. T. Thayaparan and A. Yasotharan, "Detection of low-altitude aircraft using time-frequency analysis for high frequency surface wave radar," in Proc. Int. Radar Symp. India, Bangalore, Karnataka, India, Dec. 11-14, 2001, pp. 825-835.
28. T. Thayaparan and S. Kennedy, "Application of joint time-frequency representations to a maneuvering air target in sea-clutter: Analysis beyond FFT," Defence R & D Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada, DREO TM 2003-090, 2003.
29. T. Thayaparan and A. Yasotharan, "Application of Wigner distribution for the detection of accelerating low-altitude aircraft using HF surface-wave radar," Defence R & D Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada, DREO TR 2002-033, 2003.