메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 77, Issue 2, 2003, Pages 159-190

Metropolitan inequities and the ecology of work: Implications for welfare reform

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EMPLOYMENT; JOB SEARCH; LABOR MARKET; METROPOLITAN AREA; WELFARE REFORM;

EID: 1842714446     PISSN: 00377961     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1086/373904     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (21)

References (132)
  • 1
    • 84972809422 scopus 로고
    • The changing geography of metropolitan opportunity: The segregation of the poor in U.S. metropolitan areas, 1970-1990
    • Abramson, Alan J., Mitchell S. Tobin, and Matthew R. VanderGoot. 1995. "The Changing Geography of Metropolitan Opportunity: The Segregation of the Poor in U.S. Metropolitan Areas, 1970-1990." Housing Policy Debate 6 (1): 45-72.
    • (1995) Housing Policy Debate , vol.6 , Issue.1 , pp. 45-72
    • Abramson, A.J.1    Tobin M.S., S.T.2    VanderGoot, M.R.3
  • 3
    • 0028591053 scopus 로고
    • Living with crime: The implications of racial/ethnic differences in suburban location
    • Alba, Richard D., John R. Logan, and Paul E. Bellair. 1994. "Living with Crime: The Implications of Racial/Ethnic Differences in Suburban Location." Social Forces 73 (2): 395-434.
    • (1994) Social Forces , vol.73 , Issue.2 , pp. 395-434
    • Alba, R.D.1    Logan, J.R.2    Bellair, P.E.3
  • 7
    • 0012553031 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Displacement and wage effects of welfare reform
    • edited by David E. Card and Rebecca M. Blank. New York: Russell Sage Foundation
    • Bartik, Timothy J. 2000. "Displacement and Wage Effects of Welfare Reform." Pp. 72-122 in Finding Jobs: Work and Welfare, Reform, edited by David E. Card and Rebecca M. Blank. New York: Russell Sage Foundation.
    • (2000) Finding Jobs: Work and Welfare, Reform , pp. 72-122
    • Bartik, T.J.1
  • 9
    • 0035090916 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • What causes public assistance caseloads to grow?
    • Blank, Rebecca M. 2001. "What Causes Public Assistance Caseloads to Grow?" Journal of Human Resources 36 (1): 85-118.
    • (2001) Journal of Human Resources , vol.36 , Issue.1 , pp. 85-118
    • Blank, R.M.1
  • 10
    • 0039758337 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Job accessibility and welfare usage: Evidence from Los Angeles
    • Blumenberg, Evelyn, and Paul Ong. 1998. "Job Accessibility and Welfare Usage: Evidence from Los Angeles." Journal of Policy Analysis and Management 17 (4): 639-57.
    • (1998) Journal of Policy Analysis and Management , vol.17 , Issue.4 , pp. 639-657
    • Blumenberg, E.1    Ong, P.2
  • 11
    • 84993917495 scopus 로고
    • How minorities continue to be excluded from equal employment opportunities: Research on labor market and institutional barriers
    • Braddock, James Henry, and James M. McPartland. 1987. "How Minorities Continue to Be Excluded from Equal Employment Opportunities: Research on Labor Market and Institutional Barriers." Journal of Social Issues 43 (1): 5-39.
    • (1987) Journal of Social Issues , vol.43 , Issue.1 , pp. 5-39
    • Braddock, J.H.1    McPartland, J.M.2
  • 12
    • 0003543405 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Where are they now? What states' studies of people who left welfare tell us
    • Urban Institute, Washington, D.C
    • Brauner, Sarah, and Pamela Loprest. 1999. "Where Are They Now? What States' Studies of People Who Left Welfare Tell Us." New Federalism: Issues and Options for States, no. A-32. Urban Institute, Washington, D.C.
    • (1999) New Federalism: Issues and Options for States , vol.A-32
    • Brauner, S.1    Loprest, P.2
  • 13
    • 0348050188 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Moving up versus moving out: Neighborhood effects in housing mobility programs
    • Briggs, Xavier de Souza. 1997. "Moving Up versus Moving Out: Neighborhood Effects in Housing Mobility Programs." Housing Policy Debate 8 (1): 195-234.
    • (1997) Housing Policy Debate , vol.8 , Issue.1 , pp. 195-234
    • de Souza Briggs, X.1
  • 14
    • 0005846030 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Work, earnings, and well-being after welfare: What do we know?
    • edited by Sheldon H. Danziger. Kalamazoo, Mich.: W. E. Upjohn Institute for Employment Research
    • Cancian, Maria, Robert Haveman, Thomas Kaplan, Daniel Mayer, and Barbara Wolfe. 1999. "Work, Earnings, and Well-Being after Welfare: What Do We Know?" Pp. 161-85 in Economic Canditions and Welfare Reform, edited by Sheldon H. Danziger. Kalamazoo, Mich.: W. E. Upjohn Institute for Employment Research.
    • (1999) Economic Canditions and Welfare Reform , pp. 161-185
    • Cancian, M.1    Haveman, R.2    Kaplan, T.3    Mayer, D.4    Wolfe, B.5
  • 15
    • 0031411489 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Employment availability for entry-level level workers: An examination of the spatial-mismatch hypothesis in Chicago
    • Carlson, Virginia L., and Nikolas Theodore. 1997. "Employment Availability for Entry-Level Level Workers: An Examination of the Spatial-Mismatch Hypothesis in Chicago." Urban Geography 18 (3): 228-42.
    • (1997) Urban Geography , vol.18 , Issue.3 , pp. 228-242
    • Carlson, V.L.1    Theodore, N.2
  • 18
    • 0031691470 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Was there a social transformation of urban neighborhoods in the 1980s? A decade of worsening social conditions in Cleveland, OH, USA
    • Chow, Julian, and Claudia J. Coulton. 1998. "Was There a Social Transformation of Urban Neighborhoods in the 1980s? A Decade of Worsening Social Conditions in Cleveland, OH, USA." Urban Studies 35 (8): 1359-75.
    • (1998) Urban Studies , vol.35 , Issue.8 , pp. 1359-1375
    • Chow, J.1    Coulton, C.J.2
  • 19
    • 0033429164 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changing jobs and changing houses: Mobility outcomes of employment transitions
    • Clark, William A. V, and Suzanne Davies Withers. 1999. "Changing jobs and Changing Houses: Mobility Outcomes of Employment Transitions." Journal of Regional Science 39 (4): 653-73.
    • (1999) Journal of Regional Science , vol.39 , Issue.4 , pp. 653-673
    • Clark, W.A.V.1    Withers, S.D.2
  • 20
    • 0002052597 scopus 로고
    • Family and neighborhood welfare dependency and sons' labor supply
    • Corcoran, Mary, and Terry Adams. 1995. "Family and Neighborhood Welfare Dependency and Sons' Labor Supply." Journal of Family and Economic Issues 16 (2-3): 239-64.
    • (1995) Journal of Family and Economic Issues , vol.16 , Issue.2-3 , pp. 239-264
    • Corcoran, M.1    Adams, T.2
  • 21
    • 1842721285 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Restoring communities within the context of the metropolis: Neighborhood revitalization at the millennium
    • edited by June Gary Hopps and Robert Morris. New York: Free Press
    • Coulton, Claudia J. 2000. "Restoring Communities within the Context of the Metropolis: Neighborhood Revitalization at the Millennium." Pp. 175-206 in Social Work at the Millennium: Critical Reflections on the Future of the Profession, edited by June Gary Hopps and Robert Morris. New York: Free Press.
    • (2000) Social Work at the Millennium: Critical Reflections on the Future of the Profession , pp. 175-206
    • Coulton Claudia, J.1
  • 23
    • 0000926718 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Geographic concentration of affluence and poverty in 100 metropolitan areas
    • Coulton, Claudia J., Julian Chow, Edward Wang, and Marilyn Su. 1996. "Geographic Concentration of Affluence and Poverty in 100 Metropolitan Areas." Urban Affairs Review 32 (2); 186-216.
    • (1996) Urban Affairs Review , vol.32 , Issue.2 , pp. 186-216
    • Coulton Claudia, J.1    Chow, J.2    Wang, E.3    Su, M.4
  • 24
    • 0011798106 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Housing, transportation, and access to suburban jobs by welfare recipients in the Cleveland Area
    • edited by Sandra, J. Newman. Washington, D.C.: Urban Institute
    • Coulton, Claudia J., Laura Leete, and Neil Bania. 1999, "Housing, Transportation, and Access to Suburban jobs by Welfare Recipients in the Cleveland Area." Pp. 123-48 in The Home Front: Implications of Welfare Reform for Housing Policy, edited by Sandra, J. Newman. Washington, D.C.: Urban Institute.
    • (1999) The Home Front: Implications of Welfare Reform for Housing Policy , pp. 123-148
    • Coulton Claudia, J.1    Leete, L.2    Bania, N.3
  • 25
    • 84976953984 scopus 로고
    • Geographic concentration of poverty and risk to children in urban neighborhoods
    • Coulton, Claudia J., and S. Pandey. 1992. "Geographic Concentration of Poverty and Risk to Children in Urban Neighborhoods." American Behavioral Scientist 35 (3): 238-57.
    • (1992) American Behavioral Scientist , vol.35 , Issue.3 , pp. 238-257
    • Coulton Claudia, J.1    Pandey, S.2
  • 27
    • 1842822106 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Using administrative data to examine changing neighborhood conditions during implementation of welfare reform
    • Washington, D.C., November
    • Coulton, Claudia J., and Nandita Verma. 1999. "Using Administrative Data to Examine Changing Neighborhood Conditions during Implementation of Welfare Reform." Paper presented at the Annual Public Policy and Management (APPAM) fall research conference, Washington, D.C., November.
    • (1999) The Annual Public Policy and Management (APPAM) Fall Research Conference
    • Coulton Claudia, J.1    Verma, N.2
  • 30
    • 0038844204 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Self-sufficiency, ecology of work, and welfare reform?
    • Daugherty, Robert H., and Gerard M. Barber. 2001. "Self-Sufficiency, Ecology of Work, and Welfare Reform?" Social Service Review 75 (4): 662-75.
    • (2001) Social Service Review , vol.75 , Issue.4 , pp. 662-675
    • Daugherty Robert, H.1    Barber, G.M.2
  • 31
    • 0040700157 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rebuilding urban labor markets: What community development can accomplish
    • edited by Ronald F. Ferguson and William T. Dickens. Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution Press
    • Dickens, William T. 1999. "Rebuilding Urban Labor Markets: What Community Development Can Accomplish." Pp. 381-436 in Urban Problems and Community Development, edited by Ronald F. Ferguson and William T. Dickens. Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution Press.
    • (1999) Urban Problems and Community Development , pp. 381-436
    • Dickens William, T.1
  • 32
    • 0000354539 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Does neighborhood matter? Assessing recent evidence
    • Ellen, Ingrid Gould, and Margery Austin Turner. 1997. "Does Neighborhood Matter? Assessing Recent Evidence." Housing Policy Debate 8 (4): 833-66.
    • (1997) Housing Policy Debate , vol.8 , Issue.4 , pp. 833-866
    • Ingrid Gould, E.1    Turner, M.A.2
  • 34
    • 84937298245 scopus 로고
    • Local labor markets and local area effects on welfare duration
    • Fitzgerald, John M. 1995. "Local Labor Markets and Local Area Effects on Welfare Duration." Journal of Policy Analysis and Management 14 (1): 43-67.
    • (1995) Journal of Policy Analysis and Management , vol.14 , Issue.1 , pp. 43-67
    • Fitzgerald John, M.1
  • 36
    • 1842671029 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How do neighborhoods matter?
    • edited by Frank F Furstenberg, Jr., Thomas D. Cook, Jacquelynne Eccles, Glen H. Elder, Jr., and Arnold Sameroff. Chicago: University of Chicago Press
    • Furstenberg, Frank F, Jr., Thomas D. Cook, Jacquelynne Eccles, Glen R. Elder, Jr., and Arnold Sameroff. 1999. "How Do Neighborhoods Matter?" Pp. 145-70 in Managing to Make It: Urban Families and Adolescent Success, edited by Frank F Furstenberg, Jr., Thomas D. Cook, Jacquelynne Eccles, Glen H. Elder, Jr., and Arnold Sameroff. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
    • (1999) Managing to Make It: Urban Families and Adolescent Success , pp. 145-170
    • Furstenberg Jr., F.F.1    Cook, T.D.2    Eccles, J.3    Elder Jr., G.R.4    Sameroff, A.5
  • 37
    • 84973021915 scopus 로고
    • The geography of metropolitan opportunity: A reconnaissance and conceptual framework
    • Galster, George C., and Sean P. Killen. 1995. The Geography of Metropolitan Opportunity: A Reconnaissance and Conceptual Framework. Housing Policy Debate 6 (1):7-44.
    • (1995) Housing Policy Debate , vol.6 , Issue.1 , pp. 7-44
    • Galster George, C.1    Killen, S.P.2
  • 38
    • 0001765730 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identifying neighborhood thresholds: An empirical exploration
    • Galster, George C., Roberto G. Quercia, and Alvaro Cortes. 2000. "Identifying Neighborhood Thresholds: An Empirical Exploration. Housing Policy Debate 11 (3): 701-32.
    • (2000) Housing Policy Debate , vol.11 , Issue.3 , pp. 701-732
    • Galster George, C.1    Quercia, R.G.2    Cortes, A.3
  • 39
    • 0031755846 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Will dispersed housing programmes reduce social problems in the US?
    • Galster, George C., and Anne Zobel. 1998. "Will Dispersed Housing Programmes Reduce Social Problems in the US?" Housing Studies 13 (5): 605-22.
    • (1998) Housing Studies , vol.13 , Issue.5 , pp. 605-622
    • Galster George, C.1    Zobel, A.2
  • 43
    • 0000292515 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Establishing causality in evaluations of comprehensive community initiatives
    • edited by Karen Fulbright-Anderson, Anne C. Kubisch, and James P. Connell. Queenstown, Md.: Aspen Institute
    • Granger, Robert C. 1998. "Establishing Causality in Evaluations of Comprehensive Community Initiatives." Pp. 221-46 in New Approaches to Evaluating Community Initiatives, vol. 2, Theory, Measurement, and Analysis, edited by Karen Fulbright-Anderson, Anne C. Kubisch, and James P. Connell. Queenstown, Md.: Aspen Institute.
    • (1998) New Approaches to Evaluating Community Initiatives. Theory, Measurement, and Analysis , vol.2 , pp. 221-246
    • Granger Robert, C.1
  • 45
    • 0030445065 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Life after welfare: Women, work, and repeat dependency
    • Harris, Kathleen Mullan. 1996. "Life after Welfare: Women, Work, and Repeat Dependency." American Sociological Review 61 (3): 407-26.
    • (1996) American Sociological Review , vol.61 , Issue.3 , pp. 407-426
    • Mullan, H.K.1
  • 46
    • 0002101297 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Barriers to finding and maintaining jobs: The perspectives of workers and employers in the low-wage labor market
    • edited by Joel F. Handler and Lucie White. Armonk, N.Y: M. E. Sharpe
    • Henly,Julia R. 1999. "Barriers to Finding and Maintaining Jobs: The Perspectives of Workers and Employers in the Low-Wage Labor Market." Pp. 48-75 in Hard Labor: Women and Work in the Post-welfare Era, edited by Joel F. Handler and Lucie White. Armonk, N.Y: M. E. Sharpe.
    • (1999) Hard Labor: Women and Work in the Post-welfare Era , pp. 48-75
    • Henly Julia, R.1
  • 47
    • 0031403264 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Turning job finders into job keepers
    • Hershey, Alan M., and LaDonna A. Pavetti. 1997. Turning Job Finders into Job Keepers." Future of Children 7 (1): 74-86.
    • (1997) Future of Children , vol.7 , Issue.1 , pp. 74-86
    • Hershey Alan, M.1    Pavetti, L.A.2
  • 48
    • 0025943140 scopus 로고
    • The spatial mismatch hypothesis: What has the evidence shown?
    • Holzer, Harry J., 1991. "The Spatial Mismatch Hypothesis: What Has the Evidence Shown?" Urban Studies 28 (1): 105-22.
    • (1991) Urban Studies , vol.28 , Issue.1 , pp. 105-122
    • Holzer Harry, J.1
  • 49
    • 0005810011 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Will employers hire welfare recipients?
    • Holzer, Harry J., 1999. "Will Employers Hire Welfare Recipients?" Focus 20 (2): 26-30.
    • (1999) Focus , vol.20 , Issue.2 , pp. 26-30
    • Holzer Harry, J.1
  • 50
    • 85024398638 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Are jobs available for disadvantaged workers in urban areas?
    • edited by Alice O'Connor, Chris Tilly, and Lawrence Bobo. New York: Russell Sage Foundation
    • Holzer, Harry J., and Sheldon Danziger. 2001. "Are Jobs Available for Disadvantaged Workers in Urban Areas?" Pp. 496-538 in Urban Inequality: Evidence from Four Cities, edited by Alice O'Connor, Chris Tilly, and Lawrence Bobo. New York: Russell Sage Foundation.
    • (2001) Urban Inequality: Evidence from Four Cities , pp. 496-538
    • Holzer Harry, J.1    Danziger, S.2
  • 51
    • 0006221954 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Black applicants, black employees, and urban labor market policy
    • Holzer, Harry J., and Jess Reaser. 2000. "Black Applicants, Black Employees, and Urban Labor Market Policy." Journal of Urban Economics 48 (3): 365-87.
    • (2000) Journal of Urban Economics , vol.48 , Issue.3 , pp. 365-387
    • Holzer Harry, J.1    Reaser, J.2
  • 53
    • 0012039021 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The employment, earnings, and income of less skilled workers over the business cycle
    • edited by David E. Card and Rebecca M. Blank. New York: Russell Sage Foundation
    • Hoynes, Hilary W. 2000. "The Employment, Earnings, and Income of Less Skilled Workers over the Business Cycle." Pp. 23-71 in Findingjobs: Work and Welfare Reform edited by David E. Card and Rebecca M. Blank. New York: Russell Sage Foundation.
    • (2000) Findingjobs: Work and Welfare Reform , pp. 23-71
    • Hoynes Hilary, W.1
  • 54
    • 84972927908 scopus 로고
    • A mobility strategy for improving opportunity
    • Hughes, Mark Alan. 1995. "A Mobility Strategy for Improving Opportunity." Housing Policy Debate 6 (1): 271-97.
    • (1995) Housing Policy Debate , vol.6 , Issue.1 , pp. 271-297
    • Hughes, M.A.1
  • 55
    • 38249013529 scopus 로고
    • Intraurban wage gradients: Evidence by race, gender, occupational class, and sector
    • Ihlanfeldt, Keith R. 1992. "Intraurban Wage Gradients: Evidence by Race, Gender, Occupational Class, and Sector" Journal of Urban Economics 32 (1): 70-91.
    • (1992) Journal of Urban Economics , vol.32 , Issue.1 , pp. 70-91
    • Ihlanfeldt Keith, R.1
  • 56
    • 0001152209 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Information on the spatial distribution of job opportunities within metropolitan areas
    • Ihlanfeldt, Keith R. 1997. "Information on the Spatial Distribution of Job Opportunities within Metropolitan Areas." Journal of Urban Economics 41 (2): 218-42.
    • (1997) Journal of Urban Economics , vol.41 , Issue.2 , pp. 218-242
    • Ihlanfeldt Keith, R.1
  • 57
    • 0006412123 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The geography of economic and social opportunity in metropolitan areas 213-252
    • edited by Alan A. Altshuler, William Morrill, Harold Wolman, and Faith Mitchell. National Research Council. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press
    • Ihlanfeldt, Keith R. 1999. "The Geography of Economic and Social Opportunity in Metropolitan Areas." Pp.213-52 in Governance and Opportunity in Metropolitan America, edited by Alan A. Altshuler, William Morrill, Harold Wolman, and Faith Mitchell. National Research Council. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press.
    • (1999) Governance and Opportunity in Metropolitan America
    • Ihlanfeldt Keith, R.1
  • 59
    • 0025945130 scopus 로고
    • The effect of job access on black and white youth employment: A gross sectional analysis
    • Ihlanfeldt, Keith R., 1991. "The Effect of Job Access on Black and White Youth Employment: A Gross Sectional Analysis." Urban Studies 28 (2): 255-65.
    • (1991) Urban Studies , vol.28 , Issue.2 , pp. 255-265
    • Ihlanfeldt Keith, R.1
  • 60
    • 0000356221 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The spatial mismatch hypothesis: A review of recent studies and their implications for welfare reform
    • Housing Polity Debate 9 (4): 849-92.
    • (1998) Housing Polity Debate , vol.9 , Issue.4 , pp. 849-892
    • Ihlanfeldt Keith, R.1
  • 61
    • 0030521277 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The spatial distribution of black employment between the central city and the suburbs
    • Ihlanfeldt, Keith R., and Young, Madelyn V. 1996. "The Spatial Distribution of Black Employment between the Central City and the Suburbs." Economic Inquiry 34 (3-4): 693-707.
    • (1996) Economic Inquiry , vol.34 , Issue.3-4 , pp. 693-707
    • Ihlanfeldt Keith, R.1    Young Madelyn, V.2
  • 63
    • 0002006075 scopus 로고
    • The social consequences of growing up in a poor neighborhood
    • edited by Laurence E. Lynn, Jr., and Michael G. H. McGeary. National Research Council. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press
    • Jencks, Christopher, and Susan E. Mayer. 1990. "The Social Consequences of Growing Up in a Poor Neighborhood." Pp. 111-86 in Inner-City Poverty in the United States, edited by Laurence E. Lynn, Jr., and Michael G. H. McGeary. National Research Council. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press.
    • (1990) Inner-City Poverty in the United States , pp. 111-186
    • Jencks, C.1    Mayer, S.E.2
  • 64
    • 84962992971 scopus 로고
    • Housing segregation, Negro employment, and metropolitan decentralization
    • Kain, John F. 1968. "Housing Segregation, Negro Employment, and Metropolitan Decentralization." Quarterly Journal of Economics 82 (2): 175-97.
    • (1968) Quarterly Journal of Economics , vol.82 , Issue.2 , pp. 175-197
    • Kain John, F.1
  • 65
    • 84972916858 scopus 로고
    • The spatial mismatch hypothesis: Three decades later
    • Kain, John F. 1992. "The Spatial Mismatch Hypothesis: Three Decades Later." Housing Policy Debate 3 (2): 371-460.
    • (1992) Housing Policy Debate , vol.3 , Issue.2 , pp. 371-460
    • Kain John, F.1
  • 66
    • 0002793002 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Central-city and suburban migration patterns: Is a turnaround on the horizon?
    • Kasarda, John D., Stephen J. Appold, Stuart H. Sweeney, and Elaine Sieff. 1997. "Central-City and Suburban Migration Patterns: Is a Turnaround on the Horizon?" Housing Policy Debate 8 (2): 307-58.
    • (1997) Housing Policy Debate , vol.8 , Issue.2 , pp. 307-358
    • Kasarda John, D.1    Appold, S.J.2    Sweeney, S.H.3    Sieff, E.4
  • 67
    • 0001458345 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Joblessness and poverty in America's Central Cities: Causes and policy prescriptions
    • Kasarda, John D., and Kwok-fai Ting. 1996. "Joblessness and Poverty in America's Central Cities: Causes and Policy Prescriptions." Housing Policy Debate 7 (2): 387-419.
    • (1996) Housing Policy Debate , vol.7 , Issue.2 , pp. 387-419
    • Kasarda John, D.1    Ting, K.F.2
  • 68
    • 0039561917 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Missing the connection: Social isolation and employment on the Brooklyn waterfront
    • Kasinitz, Philip, and Jan Rosenberg. 1996. "Missing the Connection: Social Isolation and Employment on the Brooklyn Waterfront." Social Problems 43 (2): 180-96.
    • (1996) Social Problems , vol.43 , Issue.2 , pp. 180-196
    • Kasinitz, P.1    Rosenberg, J.2
  • 69
    • 0001761368 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Moving to opportunity in Boston: Early results of a randomized mobility experiment
    • Katz, Lawrence E, Jeffrey R. Kling, and Jeffrey B. Liebman. 2001. "Moving to Opportunity in Boston: Early Results of a Randomized Mobility Experiment." Quarterly Journal of Economics 116 (2); 607-54.
    • (2001) Quarterly Journal of Economics , vol.116 , Issue.2 , pp. 607-654
    • Katz Lawrence, E.1    Kling, J.R.2    Liebman, J.B.3
  • 70
    • 0040915158 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Housing and welfare reform: Geography matters
    • edited by Sandrs J. Newman. Washington, D.C.: Urban Institute
    • Kingsley, G. Thomas, and Peter A. Tatian. 1999. "Housing and Welfare Reform: Geography Matters" Pp. 81-122 in The How Front: Implications of Welfare Reform for Housing Policy, edited by Sandrs J. Newman. Washington, D.C.: Urban Institute.
    • (1999) The How Front: Implications of Welfare Reform for Housing Policy , pp. 81-122
    • Kingsley, G.T.1    Tatian, P.A.2
  • 72
    • 0002799313 scopus 로고
    • We'd love to hire them, but. .': The meaning of race for employers
    • edited by Christopher Jencks and Paul E. Peterson. Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution Press
    • Kirschenman, Joleen, and Kathryn M. Neckerman. 1991. "We'd love to hire them, but. .': The Meaning of Race for Employers." Pp. 203-32 in The Urban Underclass, edited by Christopher Jencks and Paul E. Peterson. Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution Press.
    • (1991) The Urban Underclass , pp. 203-232
    • Kirschenman, J.1    Neckerman, K.M.2
  • 73
    • 0002056008 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Understanding the neighborhood context for children and families: Combining epidemiological and ethnographic approaches
    • edited by Jeanne Brooks-Gunn, Gregj. Duncan, and J. Lawrence Aber. New York: Russell Sage Foundation
    • Korbin, Jill, and Claudia J. Coulton. 1997. "Understanding the Neighborhood Context for Children and Families: Combining Epidemiological and Ethnographic Approaches." Pp. 65-79 in Neighborhood Poverty, vol. 2, edited by Jeanne Brooks-Gunn, Gregj. Duncan, and J. Lawrence Aber. New York: Russell Sage Foundation.
    • (1997) Neighborhood Poverty , vol.2 , pp. 65-79
    • Korbin, J.1    Coulton, C.J.2
  • 74
    • 0011583201 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluating community initiatives: A progress report
    • edited by Karen Fulbright-Anderson, Anne C. Kubisch, and James P. Connell. Queenstown, Md.: Aspen Institute
    • Kubisch, Anne C., Karen Fulbright-Anderson, and James P. Connell. 1998. "Evaluating Community Initiatives: A Progress Report " Pp. 1-13 in New Approches to Evaluating Community Initializes, vol. 2, Theory, Measurement, and Analysis, edited by Karen Fulbright-Anderson, Anne C. Kubisch, and James P. Connell. Queenstown, Md.: Aspen Institute.
    • (1998) New Approches to Evaluating Community Initializes Theory, Measurement, and Analysis , vol.2 , pp. 1-13
    • Kubisch Anne, C.1    Karen, F.-A.2    Connell, J.P.3
  • 75
    • 84936823497 scopus 로고
    • Structuml covariates of homicide rates: Are there any invariances across time and social space?
    • Land, Kenneth C., Patricia L. McCall, and Lawrence E. Cohen. 1990. "Structuml Covariates of Homicide Rates: Are There Any Invariances across Time and Social Space?" American Journal of Sociology 95 (4): 922-63.
    • (1990) American Journal of Sociology , vol.95 , Issue.4 , pp. 922-963
    • Land Kenneth, C.1    McCall, P.L.2    Cohen, L.E.3
  • 76
    • 0028665975 scopus 로고
    • Neighborhood context and residential mobility
    • Lee, Barrett A., R. S. Oropesa, and James W. Kanan. 1994. "Neighborhood Context and Residential Mobility." Demography 31 (2): 249-70.
    • (1994) Demography , vol.31 , Issue.2 , pp. 249-270
    • Lee Barrett, A.1    Oropesa, R.S.2    Kanan, J.W.3
  • 77
    • 0033476901 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The impact of welfare reform on local labor markets
    • Leete, Laura, and Neil Bania. 1999. "The Impact of Welfare Reform on Local Labor Markets." Journal of Policy Analysis and Manageount 18 (1): 50-76.
    • (1999) Journal of Policy Analysis and Manageount , vol.18 , Issue.1 , pp. 50-76
    • Leete, L.1    Bania, N.2
  • 79
    • 84937297305 scopus 로고
    • Violent crime rates and racial composition: Convergence over time
    • Liska, Allen E., and Paul E. Bellair. 1995. "Violent Crime Rates and Racial Composition: Convergence over Time." American Journal of Sociology 101 (3): 578-610.
    • (1995) American Journal of Sociology , vol.101 , Issue.3 , pp. 578-610
    • Liska Allen, E.1    Bellair, P.E.2
  • 80
    • 0027786362 scopus 로고
    • Locational returns to human capital: Minority access to suburban community resources
    • Logan, John R., and Richard D. Alba. 1993. "Locational Returns to Human Capital: Minority Access to Suburban Community Resources." Demography 30 (2): 243--68,
    • (1993) Demography , vol.30 , Issue.2 , pp. 243-268
    • Logan John, R.1    Alba, R.D.2
  • 81
    • 0011109182 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Urban poverty and juvenile crime: Evidence from a randomized housing-mobility experiment
    • Ludwig, Hens, Greg J. Duncan, and Paul Hirschfield. 2001. "Urban Poverty and Juvenile Crime: Evidence from a Randomized Housing-Mobility Experiment." Quarterly Journal of Ecooonnics 116 (2): 655-79.
    • (2001) Quarterly Journal of Ecooonnics , vol.116 , Issue.2 , pp. 655-679
    • Ludwig, H.1    Duncan, G.J.2    Hirschfield, P.3
  • 83
    • 0023474020 scopus 로고
    • The effect of residential segregation on black social and economic well-being
    • Massey, Douglas S., Gretchen A. Condran, and Nancy A. Denton. 1987. "The Effect of Residential Segregation on Black Social and Economic Well-Being." Social Forces 66 (1): 29-55.
    • (1987) Social Forces , vol.66 , Issue.1 , pp. 29-55
    • Massey Douglas, S.1    Condran, G.A.2    Denton, N.A.3
  • 84
    • 0027761224 scopus 로고
    • The spatial concentration of affluence and poverty during the 1970s
    • Massey, Douglas S., and Mitchell L. Eggers. 1993. "The Spatial Concentration of Affluence and Poverty during the 1970s." Urban Affairs Quartery 29 (2): 299-315.
    • (1993) Urban Affairs Quartery , vol.29 , Issue.2 , pp. 299-315
    • Massey Douglas, S.1    Eggers, M.L.2
  • 85
    • 0025585886 scopus 로고
    • Segregation and neighborhood quality: Blacks, hispanics, and asians in the San Francisco metropolitan area
    • Massey, Douglas S., and Eric Fong. 1990. "Segregation and Neighborhood Quality: Blacks, Hispanics, and Asians in the San Francisco Metropolitan Area." Social Forces 69 (1): 15-32.
    • (1990) Social Forces , vol.69 , Issue.1 , pp. 15-32
    • Massey Douglas, S.1    Fong Eric2
  • 86
    • 0001539556 scopus 로고
    • Segregation, the concentration of poverty, and the life chances of individuals
    • Massey, Douglas S., Andrew B. Gross, and Mitchell L. Eggers. 1991. "Segregation, the Concentration of Poverty, and the Life Chances of Individuals." Social Science Research 20 (1): 397-420.
    • (1991) Social Science Research , vol.20 , Issue.1 , pp. 397-420
    • Massey Douglas, S.1    Gross, A.B.2    Eggers, M.L.3
  • 87
    • 0031486948 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Violent crime and the spatial dynamics of neighborhood transition: Chicago, 1970-1990
    • Morenoff, Jeffery D., and Robert J. Sampson. 1997. "Violent Crime and the Spatial Dynamics of Neighborhood Transition: Chicago, 1970-1990." Social Forces 76 (1): 31-64.
    • (1997) Social Forces , vol.76 , Issue.1 , pp. 31-64
    • Morenoff Jeffery, D.1    Sampson, R.J.2
  • 88
    • 0003767848 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • National Research Council. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press
    • National Research Council. 1999. Governance and Opportunity in Metropolitan America Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press.
    • (1999) Governance and Opportunity in Metropolitan America
  • 89
    • 0142005258 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of welfare reform on housing: A national analysis
    • edited by Sandra J. Newman. Washington, D.C.: Urban Institute
    • Newman, Sandra J., and Joseph Harkness. 1999. "The Effects of Welfare Reform on Housing: A National Analysis." Pp. 29-80 in The Home Front: Implications of Welfare Reform for Housing Policy, edited by Sandra J. Newman. Washington, D.C.: Urban Institute.
    • (1999) The Home Front: Implications of Welfare Reform for Housing Policy , pp. 29-80
    • Newman Sandra, J.1    Harkness, J.2
  • 90
    • 0001446586 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • And a suitable living environment': The failure of housing programs to deliver on neighborhood quality
    • Newman, Sandra J., and Ann B. Schnare. 1997. "'. . . And a Suitable Living Environment': The Failure of Housing Programs to Deliver on Neighborhood Quality." Housing Policy Debate 8 (4): 703-4 1.
    • (1997) Housing Policy Debate , vol.8 , Issue.4 , pp. 703-741
    • Newman Sandra, J.1    Schnare, A.B.2
  • 91
    • 0000209484 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Work and automobile ownership among welfare recipients
    • Ong, Paul. 1996. "Work and Automobile Ownership among Welfare Recipients." Social Work Research 20 (4): 255-62.
    • (1996) Social Work Research , vol.20 , Issue.4 , pp. 255-262
    • Ong, P.1
  • 92
    • 0031981210 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Job access, commute, and travel burden among welfare recipients
    • Ong, Paul, and Evelyn Blumenberg. 1998. "Job Access, Commute, and Travel Burden among Welfare Recipients." Urban Studies 35 (1): 77-93.
    • (1998) Urban Studies , vol.35 , Issue.1 , pp. 77-93
    • Ong, P.1    Blumenberg, E.2
  • 93
    • 0031856954 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Where youth live: Economic effects of urban space on employment prospects
    • O'Regan, Katherine M., and John M. Quigley. 1998. "Where Youth Live: Economic Effects of Urban Space on Employment Prospects." Urban Studies 35 (7): 1187-205.
    • (1998) Urban Studies , vol.35 , Issue.7 , pp. 1187-1205
    • O'Regan Katherine, M.1    Quigley, J.M.2
  • 94
    • 0030389828 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Keeping down with the joneses: Neighbors, networks, and wages
    • Pastor, Manuel, Jr., and Ara Robinson Adams. 1996. "Keeping Down with the Joneses: Neighbors, Networks, and Wages." Reviev of Regional Economics 26 (2): 115-45.
    • (1996) Reviev of Regional Economics , vol.26 , Issue.2 , pp. 115-145
    • Pastor Jr., M.1    Adams, A.R.2
  • 95
    • 0007608485 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Why voucher and certificate users live in distressed neighborhoods
    • Pendall, Rolf. 2000. "Why Voucher and Certificate Users Live in Distressed Neighborhoods." Homing Policy Debate 11 (4): 881-910.
    • (2000) Homing Policy Debate , vol.11 , Issue.4 , pp. 881-910
    • Pendall, R.1
  • 97
    • 0007835504 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The gautreaux legacy: What might mixed-income and dispersal strategies mean for the poorest public housing tenants?
    • Popkin, Susan J., Larry F. Baron, Diane K Levy, and Mary K. Cunningham. 2000. "The Gautreaux Legacy: What Might Mixed-Income and Dispersal Strategies Mean for the Poorest Public Housing Tenants?" Housing Policy Debate 11 (4): 911-42.
    • (2000) Housing Policy Debate , vol.11 , Issue.4 , pp. 911-942
    • Popkin Susan, J.1    Baron, L.F.2    Levy, D.K.3    Cunningham, M.K.4
  • 100
    • 0003042874 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The spatial mismatch hypothesis and black youth joblessness: Evidence from the San Francisco Bay area
    • Raphael, Steven. 1998. "The Spatial Mismatch Hypothesis and Black Youth Joblessness: Evidence from the San Francisco Bay Area." Journal of Urban Econornics 43 (1); 79-111.
    • (1998) Journal of Urban Econornics , vol.43 , Issue.1 , pp. 79-111
    • Raphael, S.1
  • 101
    • 0040611546 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Berkeley: University of California, Berkeley, Program on Housing and Urban Policy
    • Raphael, Steven, and Loren Rice. 2000. Car Ownership, Employment, and Earnings. Berkeley: University of California, Berkeley, Program on Housing and Urban Policy.
    • (2000) Car Ownership, Employment, and Earnings
    • Raphael, S.1    Rice, L.2
  • 103
    • 0040815083 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Are suburban firms more likely to discriminate against African-Americans?
    • Raphael, Steven, Michael A. Stoll, and Harry J. Holzer. 2000. "Are Suburban Firms More Likely to Discriminate against African-Americans? Journal of Urban Economics 48 (3): 485-508.
    • (2000) Journal of Urban Economics , vol.48 , Issue.3 , pp. 485-508
    • Raphael, S.1    Stoll, M.A.2    Holzer, H.J.3
  • 106
    • 0005192972 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Residential mobility and opportunities: Early impacts of the moving to opportunity demonstration program in Chicago
    • Rosenbaum, Emily, and Laura E. Harris. 2001. "Residential Mobility and Opportunities: Early Impacts of the Moving to Opportunity Demonstration Program in Chicago." Housing Policy Debate 12 (2): 321-46.
    • (2001) Housing Policy Debate , vol.12 , Issue.2 , pp. 321-346
    • Rosenbaum, E.1    Harris, L.E.2
  • 107
    • 84972819266 scopus 로고
    • Changing the geography of opportunity by expanding residential choice: Lessons from the Gautreaux Program
    • Rosenbaum, James E. 1995. "Changing the Geography of Opportunity by Expanding Residential Choice: Lessons from the Gautreaux Program." Housing Policy Debate 6 (1): 231-69.
    • (1995) Housing Policy Debate , vol.6 , Issue.1 , pp. 231-269
    • Rosenbaum James, E.1
  • 109
    • 0001935827 scopus 로고
    • Employment and earnings of low-income blacks who move to middle-class suburbs
    • edited by Christopherjencks and Paul E. Peterson. Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution Press
    • Rosenbaum, James E., and Susan J. Popkin. 1991. "Employment and Earnings of Low-Income Blacks Who Move to Middle-Class Suburbs." Pp. 342-56 in The Urban Under class, edited by Christopherjencks and Paul E. Peterson. Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution Press.
    • (1991) The Urban Under Class , pp. 342-356
    • Rosenbaum James, E.1    Popkin, S.J.2
  • 111
    • 0000159765 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • What 'community' supplies
    • edited by Ronald F. Ferguson and William T. Dickens. Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution Press
    • Sampson, Robert J. 1999. "What 'Community' Supplies." Pp. 241-91 in Urban Problems and Community Development, edited by Ronald F. Ferguson and William T. Dickens. Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution Press.
    • (1999) Urban Problems and Community Development , pp. 241-291
    • Sampson Robert, J.1
  • 112
    • 0036563219 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transcending tradition: New directions in community research, Chicago style
    • Sampson, Robert J. 2002. "Transcending Tradition: New Directions in Community Research, Chicago Style." Criminology 40 (2):213-30.
    • (2002) Criminology , vol.40 , Issue.2 , pp. 213-230
    • Sampson Robert, J.1
  • 113
    • 0033382090 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Beyond social capital: Spatial dynamics of collective efficacy for children
    • Sampson, Robert J., Jeffrey D. Morenoff, and Felton Earls. 1999. Βeyond Social Capital: Spatial Dynamics of Collective Efficacy for Children." American Sociological Review 64 (5): 633-W.
    • (1999) American Sociological Review , vol.64 , Issue.5 , pp. 633-W
    • Sampson Robert, J.1    Morenoff, J.D.2    Earls, F.3
  • 114
    • 0036025777 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessing 'neighborhood effect': Social processes and the new directions in research
    • Sampson, Robert J., Jeffrev D. Morenoff, and Thomas Gannon-Rowley. 2002. "Assessing 'Neighborhood Effect': Social Processes and the New Directions in Research." Annual Review of Sociology 28 (1): 443-78.
    • (2002) Annual Review of Sociology , vol.28 , Issue.1 , pp. 443-478
    • Sampson Robert, J.1    Morenoff J.D. Thomas, G.-R.2
  • 115
    • 0030879479 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neighborhoods and violent crime: A multilevel study of collective efficacy
    • Sampson, Robert J., Stephen W. Raudenbush, and Felton Earls. 1997. "Neighborhoods and Violent Crime: A Multilevel Study of Collective Efficacy." Science 227 (5328): 918-24.
    • (1997) Science , vol.227 , Issue.5328 , pp. 918-924
    • Sampson Robert, J.1    Raudenbush, S.W.2    Earls, F.3
  • 118
    • 17244379899 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Urban poverty after the truly disadvantaged: The rediscovery of the family, the neighborhood, and culture
    • Small, Mario Luis, and Katherine Newman. 2001. "Urban Poverty after the Truly Disadvantaged: The Rediscovery of the Family, the Neighborhood, and Culture." Annual Review of Sociology 27 (1): 23-45.
    • (2001) Annual Review of Sociology , vol.27 , Issue.1 , pp. 23-45
    • Small, M.L.1    Newman, K.2
  • 119
    • 0031541784 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Escaping distressed neighborhoods; individual, community, and metropolitan influences
    • South, Scott J., and Kyle D. Crowder. 1997. "Escaping Distressed Neighborhoods; Individual, Community, and Metropolitan Influences." American Journal of Sociology 102 (4): 1040-84.
    • (1997) American Journal of Sociology , vol.102 , Issue.4 , pp. 1040-1084
    • South Scott, J.1    Crowder, K.D.2
  • 120
    • 0031800211 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Leaving the 'hood: Residential mobility between black, white, and integrated neighborhoods
    • South, Scott J., and Kyle D. Croder. 1998. "Leaving the 'Hood: Residential Mobility between Black, White, and Integrated Neighborhoods." American Sociological Review 63 (1): 17-26.
    • (1998) American Sociological Review , vol.63 , Issue.1 , pp. 17-26
    • South Scott, J.1    Croder, K.D.2
  • 121
    • 0034410351 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Within cities and suburbs: Racial residential concentration and the spatial distribution of employment opportunities across sub-metropolitan areas
    • Stoll, Michael A., Harry J. Holzer; and Keith R. Ihlandfeldt. 2000. "Within Cities and Suburbs: Racial Residential Concentration and the Spatial Distribution of Employment Opportunities across Sub-metropolitan Areas" Journal of Policy Analysis and Management 19 (2): 207-31.
    • (2000) Journal of Policy Analysis and Management , vol.19 , Issue.2 , pp. 207-231
    • Stoll Michael, A.1    Holzer, H.J.2    Ihlandfeldt, K.R.3
  • 122
    • 0031497441 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The impact of spatial mismatch on female labor force participation
    • Thompson, Mark A. 1997. "The Impact of Spatial Mismatch on Female Labor Force Participation." Economic Development Quarterly 11 (2): 138-45.
    • (1997) Economic Development Quarterly , vol.11 , Issue.2 , pp. 138-145
    • Thompson Mark, A.1
  • 123
    • 0001518667 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Moving out of poverty. Expanding mobility and choice through tenant-based housing assistance
    • Turner, Margery Austin. 1998. "Moving Out of Poverty. Expanding Mobility and Choice through Tenant-Based Housing Assistance." Housing Polity Debate 9 (2): 373-94.
    • (1998) Housing Polity Debate , vol.9 , Issue.2 , pp. 373-394
    • Turner, M.A.1
  • 125
    • 0040383734 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development
    • U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development. 2000. Section 8 Tenant-Based Housing Assistance: A Look Back aper 30 Years. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development.
    • (2000) Section 8 Tenant-Based Housing Assistance: A Look Back Aper 30 Years
  • 126
    • 0000053915 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vouchering out distressed subsidized developments: Does moving lead to improvements in housing and neighborhood conditions?
    • Varady, David P., and Carole C. Walker. 2000. "Vouchering Out Distressed Subsidized Developments: Does Moving Lead to Improvements in Housing and Neighborhood Conditions?" Housing Policy Debate 11 (1);115-62.
    • (2000) Housing Policy Debate , vol.11 , Issue.1 , pp. 115-162
    • Varady David, P.1    Walker, C.C.2
  • 127
    • 84973065278 scopus 로고
    • Reintegrating disadvantaged communities into the fabric of urban life: The role of community development
    • Vidal, Avis C. 1995. "Reintegrating Disadvantaged Communities into the Fabric of Urban Life: The Role of Community Development." Housing Polity Debate 6 (1): 169-231.
    • (1995) Housing Polity Debate , vol.6 , Issue.1 , pp. 169-231
    • Vidal Avis, C.1
  • 128
    • 0025093006 scopus 로고
    • Origins of public health collapse in New York City: The dynamics of planned shrinkage, contagious Urban decay, and social disintegration
    • Wallace, Roderick, and Deborah Wallace. 1990. "Origins of Public Health Collapse in New York City: The Dynamics of Planned Shrinkage, Contagious Urban Decay, and Social Disintegration." Bulletin of New York Academy of Medicine 66 (5); 391-434.
    • (1990) Bulletin of New York Academy of Medicine , vol.66 , Issue.5 , pp. 391-434
    • Wallace, R.1    Wallace, D.2
  • 130
    • 84987357440 scopus 로고
    • Getting a good job: Mobility in a segmented labor market
    • Wial, Howard. 1991. "Getting a Good job: Mobility in a Segmented Labor Market." Industrial Relations 30 (3): 396-416.
    • (1991) Industrial Relations , vol.30 , Issue.3 , pp. 396-416
    • Wial, H.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.