Geomorphological applications of cosmogenic isotope analysis

Progress in Physical Geography

Volumn 28, Issue 1, 2004, Pages 1-42

  Cockburn, Hermione A P ^a,b   Summerfield, Michael A ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF EDINBURGH   (United Kingdom)

^b UNIVERSITY OF MELBOURNE   (Australia)

Author keywords

Cosmogenic isotope analysis; Cosmogenic nuclides; Dating; Denudation rates; Geomorphology

Indexed keywords

COSMOGENIC RADIONUCLIDE; DATING METHOD; DENUDATION; GEOMORPHOLOGY; ISOTOPIC ANALYSIS; LANDSCAPE EVOLUTION;

EID: 1842710919     PISSN: 03091333     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1191/0309133304pp395oa     Document Type: Article

References (251)

1. 26Al produced in situ: an example from the Pajarito plateau, Valles caldera region. Geology 21, 551-54.
2. 26Al. Geology 24, 47-51.
3. 3He surface exposure dating and its implications for magma evolution in the Potrillo volcanic field, Rio Grande Rift, New Mexico, USA. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 56, 4105-108.
4. Ballantyne, C., Stone, J.O.H. and Fifield, L.K. 1998: Cosmogenic Cl-36 dating of postglacial landsliding at the Storr, Isle of Skye, Scotland. The Holocene 8, 347-51.
5. Barnard, P.L., Owen, L.A., Sharma, M.C. and Finkel, R.C. 2001: Natural and human-induced landsliding in the Garhwal Himalaya of northern India. Geomorphology 40, 21-35.
6. Barrows, T.T., Stone, J.O., Fifield, L.K. and Cresswell, R.G. 2001: Late Pleistocene glaciation of the Kosciuszko Massif, Snowy Mountains, Australia. Quaternary Research 55, 179-89.
7. Barrows, T.T., Stone, J.O., Fifield, L.K. and Cresswell, R.G. 2002: The timing of the Last Glacial Maximum in Australia. Quaternary Science Reviews 21, 159-73.
8. Bell, J.W., Brune, J.N., Liu, T., Zreda, M. and Yount, J.C. 1998: Dating precariously balanced rocks in seismically active parts of California and Nevada. Geology 26, 495-98.
9. Belton, D.X., Brown, R.W., Kohn, B.P. and Fink, D. 2000: The first quantitative erosion rate estimates from '. . . the oldest persisting ... landforms in the world . . . . Geological Society of Australia Abstracts 58, 24-28.
10. Bierman, P.R. 1994: Using in situ produced cosmogenic isotopes to estimate rates of landscape evolution: a review from the geomorphic perspective. Journal of Geophysical Research 99, 13 885-96.
11. Bierman, P. and Caffee, M. 2001: Slow rates of rock surface erosion and sediment production across the Namib Desert and escarpment, southern Africa. American Journal of Science 301, 326-58.
12. Bierman, P. and Caffee, M. 2002: Cosmogenic exposure and erosion history of Australian bedrock landforms. Geological Society of America Bulletin 114, 787-803.
13. Bierman, P. and Gillespie, A. 1991: Range fires - a significant factor in exposure age determination and geomorphic surface evolution. Geology 19, 641-44.
14. Bierman, P. and Steig, E.J. 1996: Estimating rates of denudation using cosmogenic isotope abundances in sediment. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 21, 125-39.
15. 26Al evidence for exceptionally low rates of Australian bedrock erosion and the likely existence of pre-Pleistocene landscapes. Quaternary Research 44, 378-82.
16. Bierman, P.R., Gillespie, A.R. and Caffee, M.W. 1995: Cosmogenic ages for earthquake recurrence intervals and debris flow fan deposition, Owens Valley, California. Science 270, 447-50.
17. Bierman, P.R., Marsella, K.A., Patterson, C., Davis, P.T. and Caffee, M. 1999: Mid-Pleistocene cosmogenic minimum age limits for pre-Wisconsin glacial surfaces in southwestern Minnesota and southern Baffin Island: a multiple nuclide approach. Geomorphology 27, 25-40.
18. Bourlès, D.L., Braucher, R., Brown, E.T., Kalvoda, J. and Mercier, J.L. 2002: Younger Dryas glacial expansion in the discontinuously glaciated area of Western and Central Europe. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 66, S1, A98.
19. Bowen, D.Q., Phillips, F.M., McCabe, A.M., Knutz, P.C. and Sykes, G.A. 2002: New data for the last Glacial Maximum in Great Britain and Ireland. Quaternary Science Reviews 21, 89-101.
20. 10Be. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 163, 197-205.
21. 10Be. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 62, 1501-507.
22. 26Al to the study of lateritic soil development in tropical forest: theory and examples from Cameroon and Gabon. Chemical Geology 170, 95-111.
23. 36Cl to constrain glacial erosion rates of the Cordelleran ice sheet. Geology 26, 3-6.
24. Briner, J.P., Swanson, T.W. and Caffee, M. 2001: Late Pleistocene cosmogenic Cl-36 glacial chronology of the southwestern Ahklun mountains, Alaska. Quaternary Research 56, 148-54.
25. Briner, J.P., Kaufman, D.S., Werner, A., Caffee, M., Levy, L., Manley, W.F., Kaplan, M.R. and Finkel, R.C. 2002: Glacier readvance during the late glacial (Younger Dryas?) in the Ahklum Mountains, southwestern Alaska. Geology 30, 679-82.
26. 3He in Antarctic quartz sandstone boulders. Quaternary Research 39, 1-10.
27. 10Be. Quaternary Research 39, 11-23.
28. 26Al. Geology 23, 1063-66.
29. Brook, E.J., Kurz, M.D., Ackert, R.P., Raisbeck, G. and Yiou, F. 1995b: Cosmogenic nuclides exposure ages and glacial history of late Quaternary Ross Sea drift in McMurdo Sound, Antarctica. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 131, 41-56.
30. Brook, E.J., Nesje, A., Lehman, S., Raisbeck, G. and Yiou, F. 1996: Cosmogenic exposure ages along a vertical transect in western Norway: implications for the height of the Fennoscandian Icesheet. Geology 24, 207-10.
31. 26Al. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 55, 2269-83.
32. 26Al in quartz: implications for exposure age dating. Geophysical Research Letters 19, 369-72.
33. Brown, E.T., Bourlès, D.L., Colin, F., Sanfo, Z., Raisbeck, G.M. and Yiou, F. 1994: The development of iron crust lateritic systems in Burkino Faso, West Africa examined with in situ produced cosmogenic nuclides. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 124, 19-33.
34. 10Be in the Luquillo Experimental Forest, Puerto Rico. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 129, 193-202.
35. 10Be in near-surface rocks from the Congo. Geophysical Research Letters 22, 703-706.
36. Brown, E.T., Bourlès, D.L., Burchfiel, B.C., Qidong, D., Jun, Li., Molnar, P., Raisbeck, G.M. and Yiou, F. 1998a: Estimation of slip rates in the southern Tien Shan using cosmic ray exposure dates of abandoned alluvial fans. Geological Society of America Bulletin 110, 377-86.
37. Brown, E.T., Stallard, R.F., Larsen, M.C., Bourlès, D.L. and Raisbeck, G.M. 1998b: Determination of predevelopment denudation rates of an agricultural watershed (Cayaguas River, Puerto Rico) using in-situ-produced Be-10 in river borne quartz. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 160, 723-28.
38. Brown, R.W., Cockburn, H.A.P., Kohn, B.P., Belton, D.X., Fink, D., Gleadow, A.J.W. and Summerfield, M.A. 2002: Combining low temperature apatite thermochronology and cosmogenic isotope analysis in quantitative landscape evolution studies. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 66, S1, A106.
39. 21Ne. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 147, 37-54.
40. Burbank, D.W., Leland, J., Fielding, E., Anderson, R.S., Brozovic, R.S., Reid, N. and Duncan, C. 1996: Bedrock incision, rock uplift and threshold hillslopes in the northwestern Himalayas. Nature 379, 505-10.
41. Carson, M.A. and Kirkby, M.J. 1972: Hillslope form and process. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
42. 3He. Quaternary Research 33, 148-56.
43. Cerling, T.E. and Craig, H. 1994a: Geomorphology and in-situ cosmogenic isotopes. Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Science 22, 273-317.
44. 3He production rates from 39 to 46 degrees latitude, western USA and France. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 58, 249-55.
45. 21Ne age of the Big Lost River flood Snake River Plain, Idaho. Geology 22, 227-30.
46. 3He ages and frequency of late Holocene debris flows from Prospect Canyon, Grand Canyon, USA. Geomorphology 27, 93-111.
47. Chadwick, O.A., Hall, R.D. and Phillips, F.M. 1997: Chronology of Pleistocene glacial advances in the central Rocky Mountains. Geological Society of America Bulletin 109, 1443-52.
48. Clapp, E.M., Bierman, P.R., Schick, A.P., Lekach, J., Enzel, Y. and Caffee, M. 2000: Sediment yield exceeds sediment production in arid region drainage basins, Geology 28, 995-98.
49. Clapp, E.M., Bierman, P.R., Nichols, K.K., Pavich, M. and Caffee, M. 2001: Rates of sediment supply to arroyos from upland erosion determined using in situ produced cosmogenic Be-10 and Al-26. Quaternary Research 55, 235-45.
50. 26Al to determine sediment generation rates and identify sediment source areas in an arid region drainage basin. Geomorphology 45, 89-104.
51. Clark, D.H., Bierman, P.R. and Larsen, P. 1995: Improving in situ cosmogenic chronometres. Quaternary Research 44, 367-77.
52. Cockburn, H.A.P. and Summerfield, M.A. 2000: Landscape evolution in Namibia: constraining denudation with in-situ cosmogenic nuclides. Communications of the Geological Survey of Namibia 12, 403-408.
53. 26Al. Geology 27, 399-402.
54. Cockburn, H.A.P., Brown, R.W., Summerfield, M.A. and Seidl, M.A. 2000: Quantifying passive margin denudation and landscape development using a combined fission-track thermochronology and cosmogenic isotope analysis approach. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 179, 429-35.
55. 3He in terrestrial rocks: The summit lavas of Maui. National Academy of Science Proceedings 83, 1970-74.
56. Davis, P.T., Bierman, P.R., Marsella, K.A., Caffee, M.W. and Southon, J.R. 1999: Cosmogenic analysis of glacial terrains in the eastern Canadian Arctic: a test for inherited nuclides and the effectiveness of glacial erosion. Annals of Glaciology 28, 181-88.
57. Davis, R. and Schaffer, O.A. 1955: Chlorine-36 in nature. Annals of the New York Academy of Science 62, 105-22.
58. Desilets, D., Zreda, M. and Lifton, N.A. 2001: Comment on scaling factors for production rates of in situ produced cosmogenic nuclides: a critical reevaluation. By Tibor Dunai. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 188, 283-87.
59. Dickin, A.P. 1995: Radiogenic isotope geology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 490 pp.
60. Dunai, T.J. 2000: Scaling factors for production rates of in situ produced cosmogenic nuclides: a critical reevaluation. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 176, 157-69.
61. Dunai, T.J. 2001a: Reply to Comment on scaling factors for production rates of in situ produced cosmogenic nuclides: a critical reevaluation. By Desilets, D., Zreda, M., Lifton, N.A. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 188, 289-98.
62. Dunai, T.J. 2001b: Influence of secular variation of the geomagnetic field on production rates of in-situ produced cosmogenic nuclides. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 193, 197-212.
63. Dunai, T.J. 2002: Scaling factors for in-situ cosmogenic production, an attempt to reach a working consensus. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 66, S1, A200.
64. 39Ar dated basalt flows at 29 degrees N latitude. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 176, 147-56.
65. Dunne, J., Elmore, D. and Muzikar, P. 1999: Scaling factors for the rates of production of cosmogenic nuclides for geometric shielding and attenuation at depth on sloped surfaces. Geomorphology 27, 3-12.
66. Elmore, D. and Phillips, F.M. 1987: Accelerator mass spectrometry for measurement of long-lived radioisotopes. Science 236, 543-50.
67. Eppes, M.C. and Harrison, J.B.J. 1999: Spatial variability of soils developing on basalt flows in the Potrillo volcanic field, southern New Mexico: prelude to a chronosequence study. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 24, 1009-24.
68. Fabel, D. and Harbor, J. 1999: The use of in-situ produced cosmogenic radionuclides in glaciology and glacial geomorphology. Annals of Glaciology 28, 103-10.
69. Fabel, D., Stone, J., Fifield, L.K. and Cresswell, R. 1997: Deglaciation of the Vestfold Hills, East Antarctica: preliminary evidence from exposure dating of three subglacial erratics. In Ricci, C.A., editor, The Antarctic region: geological evolution and process. Siena: Terra Antartica Publications, 823-34.
70. 26Al. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 201, 397-406.
71. Fenton, C.R., Webb, R.H., Pearthree, P.A., Cerling, T.E. and Poreda, R.J. 2001: Displacement rates on the Toroweap and hurricane faults: implications for Quaternary downcutting in the Grand Canyon, Arizona. Geology 29 1035-38.
72. Fifield, L.K. 1999: Accelerator mass spectrometry and its applications. Reports on Progress in Physics 62, 1223-74.
73. 41Ca measurement by accelerator mass spectrometry and applications. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research B 47, 79-96.
74. Finkel, R.C. and Suter, M. 1993: AMS in the Earth Sciences, techniques and applications. Advances in Analytical Geochemistry 1, 1-114.
75. 36Cl: initial results. Journal of the Geological Society, London 156, 209-12.
76. 39Ar. Zeitschrift für Angewandte Geologie 19, 550.
77. Gilbert, G.K. 1877: Report on the geology of the Henry Mountains (Utah). Washington DC: United States Geological Survey.
78. Gosse, J.C. and Phillips, F.M. 2001: Terrestrial in situ cosmogenic nuclides: theory and application. Quaternary Science Reviews 20, 1475-560.
79. Gosse, J.C. and Stone, J.O. 2001: Terrestrial cosmogenic nuclide methods passing milestones toward palaeo-altimetry. Eos 82, 82-89.
80. 10Be, soils, and geomorphology to study relief development. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 66, Sl, A287.
81. 10Be measurements in western North America: support fort a global Younger Dryas cooling event. Geology 23, 877-80.
82. 10Be dating of the duration and retreat of the last Pinedale Glacial sequence. Science 268, 1329-33.
83. Gosse, J.C., Reedy, R.C., Harrington, C.D. and Poths, J. 1996: Overview of the workshop on secular variations in production rates of cosmogenic nuclides on Earth. Radiocarbon 38, 135-47.
84. Granger, D.E. 2002: Spatially averaged erosion rates from cosmogenic nuclides in sediments, ten years later. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 66, S1, A288.
85. Granger, D.E. and Muzikar, P.F. 2001: Dating sediment burial with in situ-produced cosmogenic nuclides: theory, techniques, and limitations. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 188, 269-81.
86. 10Be. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research B 172, 822-26.
87. Granger, D.E., Kirchner, J.W. and Finkel, R.C. 1996: Spatially averaged long-term erosion rates measured from in situ-produced cosmogenic nuclides in alluvial sediment. The Journal of Geology 104, 249-57.
88. 10Be in cave-deposited alluvium. Geology 25, 107-10.
89. 10Be in Mammoth Cave sediments. Geological Society of America Bulletin 113, 825-36.
90. 10Be. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 186, 269-81.
91. Gualtieri, L. and Brigham-Grette, J. 2001: The age and origin of the Little Diomede Island upland surface. Arctic 54, 12-21.
92. Gualtieri, L., Glushkova, O. and Brigham-Grette, J. 2000: Evidence for restricted ice-extent during the last glacial maximum in the Koryak Mountains of Chukotka, far eastern Russia. Geological Society of America Bulletin 112, 1106-18.
93. Hallet, B. and Putkonen, J. 1994: Surface dating of dynamic landforms: young boulders on ageing moraines. Science 265, 937-40.
94. 26Al profiles: application to the Wind River, Wyoming. Geomorphology 27, 41-60.
95. 14C in carbonate rocks. Geomorphology 27, 13-24.
96. Heimsath, A.M., Dietrich, W.E., Nishiizumi, K. and Finkel, R.C. 1997: The soil production function and landscape equilibrium. Nature 388, 358-61.
97. Heimsath, A.M., Dietrich, W.E., Nishiizumi, K. and Finkel, R.C. 1999: Cosmogenic nuclides, topography, and the spatial variation of soil depth. Geomorphology 27, 131-71
98. Heimsath, A.M., Chappell, J., Dietrich, W.E., Nishiizumi, K. and Finkel, R.C. 2000: Soil production on a retreating escarpment in southeastern Australia. Geology 28, 787-90.
99. Heimsath, A.M., Dietrich, W.E., Nishiizumi, K and Finkel, R.C. 2001a: Stochastic processes of soil production and transport: erosion rates, topographic variation and cosmogenic nuclides in the Oregon Coast Range. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 26, 531-52.
100. Heimsath, A.M., Chappell, J. and Dietrich, W.E. 2001b: Late Quaternary erosion in southeastern Australia: a field example using cosmogenic nuclides. Quaternary International 83, 169-85.
101. Heimsath, A.M, Chappell, J., Spooner, N.A. and Questiaux, D.G. 2002: Creeping soil. Geology 30, 111-14.
102. Heisinger, B. and Nolte, E. 2000: Cosmogenic in situ production of radionuclides: exposure ages and erosion rates. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research B 172, 790-95.
103. Heisinger, B., Lal, D., Jull, A.J.T., Kubik, P., Ivy-Ochs, S., Neumaier, S., Knie, K., Lazarev, V. and Nolte, E. 2002a: Production of selected cosmogenic radionuclides by muons 1. Fast muons. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 200, 345-55.
104. Heisinger, B., Lal, D., Jull, A.J.T., Kubik, P., Ivy-Ochs, S., Knie, K. and Nolte, E. 2002b: Production of selected cosmogenic radionuclides by muons 2. Capture of negative muons. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 200, 357-69.
105. Heisinger, B., Lal, D., Jull, A.J.T., Kubik, P.W., Ivy-Ochs, S., Neumaier, S., Knie, K., Lazarev, V. and Nolte, E. 2002c: Production of selected cosmogenic radionuclides by muons. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 66, S1, A558.
106. Hermanns, R.L., Trauth, M.H., Niedermann, S., McWilliams, M. and Strecker, M.R. 2000: Tephrochronologic constraints on temporal distribution of large landslides in northwest Argentina. Journal of Geology 108, 35-52.
107. Hermanns, R.L., Niedermann, S., Villanueva Garcia, A., Sosa Gomez, J and Strecker, M.R. 2001: Neotectonics and catastrophic failure of mountain fronts in the southern intra-Andean Puna Plateau, Argentina. Geology 29, 619-23.
108. 26Al exposure ages of fluvial terraces: the influence of crustal Ne in quartz. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 201, 575-91.
109. Hetzel R., Niedermann, S., Tao, M., Kubik, P., Ivy-Ochs, S., Gao, B. and Strecker, M.R. 2002b: Low slip rates and long-term preservation of geomorphic features in Central Asia. Nature 417, 428-32.
110. Hindmarsh, R.C.A., van der Wateren, F.W. and Vebers, A.L.L.M. 1998: Sublimation of ice through sediment in Beacon Valley, Antarctica. Geografiska Annaler Series A: Physical Geography 80, 209-19.
111. 10Be exposure ages of early Pliocene for the Table Mountain plateau and the Sirius Group at Mount Fleming, Dry Valleys, Antarctica. Geology 23, 1007-19
112. 36Cl. Eclogae und Geologie Helvetica 89, 1049-63.
113. 26Al exposure ages for the Sirius Group at Mount Fleming, Mount Feather and Table Mountain and the Plateau Surface at Table Mountain. In Ricci, C.A., editor, The Antarctic region: geological evolution and process. Siena: Terra Antartica Publications, 1153-58.
114. 14C and cosmogenic isotope dating of an early Holocene landslide in the central Alps (Tyrol, Austria). Zeitschrift für Gletscherkunde und Glazialgeologie 34, 57-68.
115. Ivy-Ochs, S., Schlüchter, C., Kubik, P.W. and Denton, G.H. 1999: Moraine exposure dates imply synchronous Younger Dryas glacier advance in the European Alps and in the Southern Alps of New Zealand. Geografiska Annaler Series A: Physical Geography 81, 313-23.
116. 10Be. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 195, 185-93.
117. 36Cl dating of the Foothills erratics train, Alberta, Canada. Geology 25, 195-98.
118. 16Cl dating of the maximum limit of the Laurentide Ice Sheet in southwestern Alberta. Canadian Journal of Earth Science 36, 1347-56.
119. James, L.A., Fabel, D., Dahms, D. and Elmore, D. 2002: Late Pleistocene glaciation in the northwestern Sierra Nevada, California. Quaternary Research 57, 409-19.
120. 14C in high-altitude rocks and in Antarctic meteorites. Radiocarbon 31, 719-24.
121. 14C produced by spallation in high altitude rocks. Radiocarbon 34, 737-44.
122. 14C in firn and ice from Antarctica. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research B 92, 326-30.
123. 14C in rock surfaces. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research B 92, 308-10.
124. Kaplan, M.R., Miller, G.H. and Steig, E.J. 2001: Low-gradient outlet glaciers (ice streams?) drained the Laurentide ice sheet. Geology 29, 343-46.
125. Karhu, J.A., Tschudi, S., Saarnisto, M., Kubik, P. and Schlüchter, C. 2001: Constraints for the latest glacial advance on Wrangel Island, Arctic ocean from rock surface exposure dating. Global and Planetary Change 31, 447-51.
126. Kelly, M.A., von Blanckenburg, F., Kubik, P.W. and Schlüchter, C. 2002: Surface exposure ages of high elevation glacial erosion landforms: an attempt to date deglaciation of the Last Glacial Maximum ice cap in the western Swiss Alps. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 66, S1, A392.
127. Kirchner, J., Finkel, R.C., Riebe, C., Granger, D.E., Clayton, J.L., King, J.G. and Megahan, W.E. 2001: Mountain erosion over 10 yr, 10 k.y., and 10 m.y. timescales. Geology 29, 591-94.
128. 10Be. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research B 193, 601-16.
129. 10Be in Libyan Desert Glass. Radiocarbon 28, 547-55.
130. Klinger, Y., Avouac, J.P., Abou Karaki, N., Dorbath, L., Bourlès, D. and Reyss, J.L. 2000: Slip rate on the Dead Sea transform fault in northern Araba valley (Jordan). Geophysical Journal International 142, 755-68.
131. Kober, F., Schlunegger, F., Ivy-Ochs, S. and Weiler, R. 2002: The dependency of cosmogenic nuclides to climate and surface uplift in transient landscapes. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 66, S1, A408.
132. 26Al production rates deduced from an instantaneous event within the dendro-calibration curve, the landslide of the Köfels Otz Valley Austria. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 161, 231-41.
133. Kurz, M.D. 1986a: Cosmogenic helium in a terrestrial igneous rock. Nature 320, 435-39.
134. Kurz, M.D. 1986b: In situ production of terrestrial cosmogenic helium and some applications to geochronology. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 50, 2855-62.
135. Kurz, M.D. 1987: Erratum: in situ production of terrestrial cosmogenic helium and some applications to geochronology. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 51, 1019.
136. Kurz, M.D. and Brook, E.J. 1994: Surface exposure dating with cosmogenic nuclides. In: Beck, C., editor, Dating in exposed and surface contexts. Albuquerque NM: University of New Mexico Press, 139-59.
137. 3He: results from young Hawaiian lava flows. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 97, 177-89.
138. Lal, D. 1988: In-situ-produced cosmogenic isotopes in terrestrial rocks. Annual Reviews in Earth and Planetary Science 16, 355-88.
139. Lal, D. 1991: Cosmic ray labelling of erosion surfaces: in situ nuclides production rates and erosion models. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 104, 424-39.
140. Lal, D. and Arnold, J.R. 1985: Tracing quartz through the environment. Proceedings of the Indian Academy of Science, Earth and Planetary Science 94, 1-5.
141. Lal, D. and Jull, A.J.T. 1990: On determining ice accumulation rates in the past 40,000 years using in-situ cosmogenic C-14. Geophysical Research Letters 17, 1303-306.
142. Lal, D. and Jull, A.J.T. 1992: Cosmogenic nuclides in ice sheets. Radiocarbon 34, 227-33.
143. Lal, D. and Jull, A.J.T. 2001: In-situ cosmogenic C-14: production and examples of its unique applications in studies of terrestrial and extraterrestrial processes. Radiocarbon 43, 731-42.
144. Lal, D. and Peters, B. 1967: Cosmic ray produced radioactivity on the Earth. In Sitte, K., editor, Handbuch der Physik XLV1/2 (46/2). Springer Verlag, Berlin, 551-612.
145. 10Be for determining the net accumulation and ablation of ice sheets. Journal of Geophysical Research 92, 4947-52.
146. Lal, D., Jull, A.J.T. and Donahue, D.J. 1990: Polar ice ablation rates measured using in-situ cosmogenic C-14. Nature 346, 350-52.
147. 40Ar. Geology 22, 135-38.
148. 26Al exposure age dating of bedrock straths. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 154, 93-107.
149. 3He production rates from Holocene lava flows in Oregon, USA, and effects of the Earth's magnetic field. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 172, 261-71.
150. 10Be chronologies of the late Pinedale northern Yellowstone ice cap, Montana, USA. Geology 29, 1095-1098.
151. 14C in quartz. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 65, 1953-69.
152. 14C production rates: preliminary results from the Southerwestern USA. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 66, S1, A457.
153. 36Cl dating. Geology 22, 1071-74.
154. 36Cl dating, Ajo Mountains (Organ Pip Cactus National Monument) southern Arizona. Quaternary Research 45, 30-37.
155. Loosli, H. 1983: A dating method with argon-39. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 63, 51-62.
156. Marchant, D.R., Lewis, A.R., Phillips, W.M., Moore, E.J., Souchez, R.A., Denton, G.H., Sugden, D.E., Potter, N. and Landis, G.P. 2002: Formation of patterned ground and sublimation till over Miocene glacier ice in Beacon Valley, southern Victoria Land Antarctica. Geological Society of America Bulletin 114, 718-30.
157. Marsella, K.A., Bierman, PR, Davis, P.T. and Caffee, M.W. 2000: Cosmogenic Be-10 and Al-26 ages for the Last Glacial Maximum, eastern Baffin Island, Arctic Canada. Geological Society of America Bulletin 112, 1296-312.
158. Marti, K. and Craig, H. 1987: Cosmic-ray-produced neon and helium in the summit lavas of Maui. Nature 325, 335-37.
159. Masarik, J. 2002: Numerical simulation of in-situ production of cosmogenic nuclides. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 66 Sl, 491, 1
160. Masarik, J. and Reedy, R.C. 1995: Terrestrial cosmogenic-nuclides production systematics calculated from numerical simulations. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 136, 381-95.
161. Masarik, J., Frank, M., Schäfer, J.M. and Wieler, R. 2001: Correction of in situ cosmogenic nuclides production rates for geomagnetic field intensity variation during the past 800,000 years. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 65, 2995-3003.
162. 10Be accumulations on a hillslope profile, Geology 21, 343-46.
163. Miller, G.H., Wolfe, A.P., Steig, E.J, Sauer, P.E., Kaplan, M.R. and Briner, J.P. 2002: The Goldilocks dilemma: big ice, little ice or 'just right' ice in the Eastern Canadian arctic. Quaternary Science Reviews 21, 33-48.
164. 36Cl. Journal of Geophysical Research 106, 4247-64.
165. Molnar, P., Brown, E.T., Burchfiel, C., Qidpong, D., Xianyue, F., Jun, L., Raisbeck, G.-M., Jianbang, S., Zhangming, W., Yiou, F. and Huichuan, Y. 1994: Quaternary climate change and the formation of river terraces across growing anticlines on the north flank of the Tien Shan, China. The Journal of Geology 102, 583-602.
166. 26Al. Geomorphology 45, 105-25.
167. 21Ne in terrestrial quartz: the neon inventory of Sierra Nevada quartz separates. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 125, 341-55.
168. 26Al by cosmic rays in terrestrial quartz in situ and implications for erosion rates. Nature 319, 134-36.
169. 26Al in quartz from glacially polished rocks. Journal of Geophysical Research 94, 17 907-15.
170. 3He in olivine from Maui lavas. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 98, 263-66.
171. 26Al exposure age at Meteor Crater, Arizona, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 55, 2699-703.
172. 26Al in Antarctic rocks: exposure and erosion history. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 104, 440-54.
173. 26Al in the study of diverse geomorphic processes. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 18, 407-25.
174. 10Be in water targets. Journal of Geophysical Research 101, 22 225-32.
175. Noller, J.S., Sowers, J.M. and Lettis, W.R., editors 2000: Quaternary geochronology, methods and applications. Washington DC: American Geophysical Union, 582 pp.
176. Oberholzer, P., Schäfer, J.M., Baroni, C., Ivy-Ochs, S., Orombelli, G., Baur, H. and Wieler, R. 2002: Limited Pleistocene glaciation in Deep Freeze Range, Northern Victoria Land, Antarctica, derived from in situ cosmogenic nuclides. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 66, S1, A565.
177. Owen, L.A., Gualtieri, L., Finkel, R.C., Caffee, M.W., Benn, D.I. and Sharma, M.C. 2001: Cosmogenic radionuclide dating of glacial landforms in the Lahul Himalaya, northern India: defining the timing of Late Quaternary glaciation. Journal of Quaternary Science 16, 555-63.
178. Owen, L.A., Finkel, R.C. and Caffee, M.W. 2002a: A note on the extent of glaciation throughout the Himalya during the global Last Glacial Maximum. Quaternary Science Reviews 21, 89-101.
179. Owen, L.A., Finkel, R.C., Caffee, M.W. and Gualtieri, L. 2002b: Timing of multiple late Quaternary glaciations in the Hunza Valley, Karakoram Mountains, northern Pakistan: Defined by cosmogenic radionuclide dating of moraines. Geological Society of America Bulletin 114, 593-604.
180. Owen, L.A., 2002c: Reply: cosmogenic radionuclides dating of glacial landforms in the Lahul Himalya, northern India: defining the timing of Late Quaternary glaciation. Journal of Quaternary Science 17, 279-81.
181. 26Al inventory method to date marine terraces, Santa Cruz, California USA. Geology 29, 879-82.
182. Phillips, F.M. 2000: Muogenic nuclides: a method for dating rapidly eroding landforms. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 66, S1, A599.
183. Phillips, F.M. and Bowen, D.Q. 2002: A comparison of cosmogenic chronologies for deglaciation in western North America and Europe. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 66, S1, A598.
184. Phillips, F.M., Leavy, B.D., Jannick, N.O., Elmore, D. and Kubik, P.W. 1986: The accumulation of cosmogenic chlorine-36 in rocks: a method for surface exposure dating. Science 231, 41-43.
185. Phillips, F.M., Zreda, M.G., Smith, S.S., Elmore, D., Kubik, P.W. and Sharma, P. 1990: Cosmogenic chlorine-36 chronology for glacial deposits at Bloody Canyon, Eastern Sierra Nevada. Science 248, 1529-32.
186. 14C in rock varnish. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 55, 2695-98.
187. Phillips, F.M., Zreda, M.G., Benson, L.V., Plummer, M.A., Elmore, D. and Sharma, P. 1996: Chronology for fluctuations in Late Pleistocene Sierra Nevada glaciers and lakes. Science 274, 749-51.
188. 10Be ages of Quaternary glacial and fluvial deposits of the Wind River Range Wyoming. Geological Society of America Bulletin 109, 1453-63.
189. Phillips, W.M. 2000: Estimatiry, cumulative soil accumulation rates with in situ produced cosmogenic nuclide depth profiles. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research B 172, 817-21.
190. Phillips, W.M. 2001: A review of cosmogenic nuclide surface exposure dating: new challenges for Scottish geomorphology. Scottish Geographical Journal 117, 1-15.
191. 21Ne depth profiles: case studies from the Pajarito Plateau, New Mexico, USA. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 160, 209-23.
192. Phillips, W.M., Sloan, V.F., Shroder, J.F., Sharma, P., Clarke, M. and Rendell, H.M. 2000: Asynchronous glaciation at Nanga Parbat, northwestern Himalaya Mountains, Pakistan. Geology 28, 431-34.
193. Poreda, R.J. and Cerling, T.E. 1992: Cosmogenic neon in recent lavas from the Western United States. Geophysical Research Letters 19, 1863-66.
194. Pratt, B., Burbank, D.W., Heimsath, A. and Ojha, T. 2002: Impulsive alluviation during early Holocene strengthened monsoons, central Nepal Himalaya. Geology 30, 911-14.
195. Repka, J.L., Anderson, R.S. and Finkel, R.C. 1997: Cosmogenic dating of fluvial terraces, Fremont River, Utah. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 152, 59-73.
196. Reynolds, R.W., Geist, D. and Kurz, M.D. 1995: Physical volcanology and structural development of Sierra Negra Volcano, Isabella-Island, Galapagos Archipelago. Geological Society of America Bulletin 107, 1398-410.
197. 10be in alluvial sediment. Geology 28, 803-806.
198. Riebe, C.S., Kirchner, J.W. and Granger, D.E. 2001a: Quantifying quartz enrichment and its consequences for cosmogenic measurements of erosion rates from alluvial sediment and regolith. Geomorphology 40, 15-19.
199. Riebe, C.S., Kirchner, J.W., Granger, D.E. and Finkel, R.C. 2001b: Strong tectonic and weak climatic control of long-term chemical weathering. Geology 29, 511-14.
200. Riebe, C.S., Kirchner, J.W., Granger, D.E. and Finkel, R.C. 2001c: Minimal climatic control on erosion rates in the Sierra Nevada, California. Geology 29, 447-50.
201. Ritz, J.F., Brown, E.T., Bourlès, D.L., Philip, H., Schlupp, A., Raisbeck, G.M., Yiou, F. and Enkhtuvshin, B. 1995: Slip rates along active faults estimated with cosmic ray exposure dates: applications to the Bogd Faults, Gobi-Altai, Mongolia. Geology 23, 1019-22.
202. Sarda, P., Staudacher, T., Allègre, C.J. and Lecomts, A. 1993: Cosmogenic neon and helium at Réunion: measurement of erosion rate. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 119, 405-17.
203. Schäfer, J.M., Ivy-Ochs, S., Wieler, R., Leya, I., Baur, H., Denton, G.H. and Schlüchter, C. 1999: Cosmogenic noble gas studies in the oldest landscape on earth: surface exposure ages of the Dry Valleys, Antarctica, Earth and Planetary Science Letters 167, 215-26.
204. Schäfer, J.M., Baur, H., Denton, G.H., Ivy-Ochs, S, Marchant, D.R., Schlüchter, C. and Wieler, R. 2000: The oldest ice on Earth in Beacon Valley, Antarctica: new evidence from surface exposure dating. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 179, 91-99.
205. Schäfer, J.M., Tschudi, S., Zhao, Z.Z., Wu, X., Ivy-Ochs, S., Wieler, R., Baur, H., Kubik, P.W. and Schlüchter, C. 2002a: The limited influence of glaciations in Tibet on global climate over the past 170,000 yr. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 194, 287-97.
206. Schäfer, J.M., Ivy-Ochs, S., Denton, G.H., Schlüchter, C., Weiler, R., Kubik, P.W. and Schlosser, P. 2002b: Rise and fall of the Last Glacial Maximum. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 66, S1, 672.
207. Schaller, M., von Blanckenburg, F., Hovius, N. and Kubik, P.W. 2001: Large-scale erosion rates from in situ-produced cosmogenic nuclides in European river sediments. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 188, 441-58.
208. Schaller, M., von Blanckenburg, F., Hovius, N. and Kubik, P.W. 2002 Palaeo-erosion rate record in a 1.6 Ma terrace sequence of the Meuse river. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 66, Sl, 673.
209. 10Be dating of late Pleistocene and Holocene fill terraces: a record of fluvial deposition and incision, Colorado front range. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 27, 773-87.
210. Schroeder, P.A., Melear, N.D., Bierman, P., Kashgarian, M. and Caffee, M. 2001: Apparent gibbsite growth ages for regolith in the Georgia Piedmont. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 65, 381-86,
211. Seidl, M.A., Finkel, R.C., Caffee, M.W., Hudson, G.B. and Dietrich, W.E. 1997: Cosmogenic isotope analyses applied to river longitudinal profile evolution: problems and interpretations. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 22, 195-210.
212. Shanahan, T.M. and Zreda, M. 2000: Chronology of Quaternary glaciations in East Africa. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 177, 23-42.
213. Shepard, M.K., Arvidson, R.E., Caffee, M., Finkel, R. and Harris, L. 1995: Cosmogenic exposure ages of basalt flows: Lunar Crater volcanic field, Nevada. Geology 23, 21-4.
214. Siame, L.L., Bourlès, D.L., Sébrier, M., Bellier, O., Castano, J.C., Araujo, M., Perez, M., Raisbeck, G.M. and Yiou, F. 1997: Cosmogenic dating ranging from 20 to 700 ka of a series of alluvial fan surfaces affected by the El Tigre fault, Argentina. Geology 25, 975-78.
215. Siame, L.L., Bellier, O., Sébrier, M., Bourlès, D.L., Leturmy, P., Perez, M. and Araujo, M. 2002: Seismic hazard reappraisal from combined structural geology, geomorphology and cosmic-ray exposure dating analyses: the Eastern Precordillera thrust system (NW Argentina). Geophysical Journal International 150, 241-60.
216. 26Al. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 150, 413-25.
217. 26Al from an alpine hillslope. Geomorphology 27, 131-50.
218. Srinivasan, B. 1976: Barites: anomalous xenon from spallation and neutron-induced reactions. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 106, 87-102.
219. Stanford, S.D., Seidl, M.A. and Ashley, G.M. 2000: Exposure ages and erosional history of an upland planation surface in the US Atlantic Peidmont. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 25, 939-50.
220. 21Ne. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 119, 395-404.
221. Steig, E.J., Wolfe, A.P. and Miller, G.H. 1998: Wisconsinan refugia and the glacial history of eastern Baffin Island Arctic Canada: couple evidence from cosmogenic isotopes and lake sediments. Geology 26, 835-38.
222. Stone, J.O. 2000: Air pressure and cosmogenic isotope production. Journal of Geophysical Research 105, 23753-59.
223. Stone, J.O. 2002: Calibration and scaling of cosmogenic nuclides production rates. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 66, S1, 746.
224. 36Cl in calcite - preliminary results from Australian. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research B 92, 311-16.
225. Stone, J., Lambeck, K., Fifield, L.K., Evans, J.M. and Cresswell, R.G. 1996: A Lateglacial age for the Main Rock Platform, Western Scotland. Geology 24, 707-10.
226. Stone, J.O.H., Evans, J.M., Fifield, L.K., Allan, G.L. and Cresswell, R.G. 1998a: Cosmogenic chlorine-36 production in calcite by muons. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 62, 433-54.
227. Stone, J.O., Ballantyne, C.K. and Fifield, L.K. 1998b: Exposure dating and validation of periglacial weathering limits, northwest Scotland. Geology 26, 587-90.
228. 6 year history of the West Antarctic ice sheet. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 66, S1,745.
229. Stroeven, A.P., Fabel, D., Hattestrand, C. and Harbor, J. 2002: A relict landscape in the centre of the Fennoscandian glaciation: cosmogenic radionuclide evidence of tors preserved through multiple glacial cycles. Geomorphology 44, 145-154.
230. Sugden, D.E., Marchant, D.R., Potter, N., Jr, Souchex, R., Denton, G.H., Swisher, C.C. and Tison, J-L. 1995: Miocene glacier ice in Beacon Valley, Antarctica. Nature 376, 412-16.
231. 21Ne. Geomorphology 27, 113-29.
232. Summerfield, M.A., Sugden, D.E., Denton, G.H., Marchant, D.R., Cockburn, H.A.P. and Stuart, F.M. 1999b: Cosmogenic data support previous evidence of extremely low rates of denudation in the Dry valleys region, southern Victoria Land, Antarctica. In Smith, B.J., Whalley, W.B. and Warke, P.A., editors, Uplift erosion and stability: perspectives on longterm landscape development. London: Geological Society of London Special Publications 162, 255-67.
233. Taylor, P.J. and Mitchell, W.A. 2002: Comment: cosmogenic radionuclides dating of glacial landforms in the Lahul Himalaya, northern India: defining the timing of Late Quaternary glaciation. Journal of Quaternary Science 17, 277-78.
234. 3He in olivine and quartz - implications for surface exposure dating. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 103, 241-56.
235. 3He accumulation in Pleistocene beach terraces in Death Valley, California, USA. Implications for cosmic-ray exposure dating of young surfaces in hot climates. Chemical Geology 119, 191-207.
236. Tschudi, S., Ivy-Ochs, S., Schlüchter, C., Kubik, P. and Rainio, H. 2000: Be-10 dating of Younger Dryas Salpausselka I formation in Finland. Boreas 29, 287-93.
237. Tuniz, C., Bird, J.R., Fink, D. and Herzog, G.F. 1998: Accelerator mss spectrometry, ultrasensitve analysis for global science. Boca Raton FL: CRC Press, 371 pp.
238. Van der Wateren, F.M. and Dunai, T.J. 2001: Late Neogene margin denudation history - cosmogenic measurements from the central Namib Desert. Global and Planetary Change 30, 271-307.
239. Van der Wateren, F.M., Dunai, T.J., Van Balen, R.T., Klas, W., Verbers, A.L.L.M., Passchier, S. and Herpers, U. 1999: Contrasting Neogene denudation histories of different structural regions in the Transantarctic Mountains rift flank constrained by cosmogenic isotope measurements. Global and Planetary Change 23, 145-72.
240. Van der Woerd, J., Ryerson, F.J., Tapponier, P., Gaudemer, Y., Finkel, R., Meriaux, A.S., Caffee, M., Guoguang, Z. and Qunlu, H. 1998: Holocene left-slip rate determined by cosmogenic surface dating on the Xidatan segment of the Kunlun fault (Qinghai, China). Geology 26, 695-98.
241. 14C dating of riser offsets, and climatic origin of the regional morphology. Geophysical Journal International 148, 356-88.
242. Weissel, J.K. and Seidl, M.A. 1998: Inland propagation of erosional escarpments and river profile evolution across southeast Australian passive continental margin. In Tinkler, K.J. and Wohl, E.E., editors, Rivers over rock: fluvial processes in bedrock channels. AGU Geophysical Monograph Series 107, Washington DC: American Geophysical Union, 189-206.
243. 3He surface exposure dating of stone pavements: implications for landscape evolution in deserts. Geology 23, 613-16.
244. 26Al and soil development on fan surfaces. Geological Society of America Bulletin 113, 241-55.
245. Zimmerman, S.G., Eveson, E.B., Gosse, J.C. and Erskine, C.P. 1994: Extensive boulder erosion resulting from a range fire on the Type-Pinedale Moraines, Fremont Lake, Wyoming. Quaternary Research 42, 255-65.
246. Zreda, M. and Noller, J.S. 1998: Ages of prehistoric earthquakes revealed by cosmogenic chlorine-36 in a bedrock fault scarp at Hebgen Lake. Science 282, 1097-99.
247. 36Cl build up dating. Geomorphology 14, 149-56.
248. Zreda, M. and Phillips, F.M. 2000: Cosmogenic nuclides build-up in surficial materials. In Noller, J.S., Sowers, J.M. and Lettis, W.R., editors, Quaternary geochronology: methods and applications. AGU Reference Shelf Series, Washington DC: American Geophysical Union, 61-76.
249. 36Cl dating of a young basaltic eruption complex, Lathrop Wells, Nevada. Geology 21, 57-60.
250. 36Cl accumulation in unstable landforms 2. Simulations and measurement on eroding moraines. Water Resources Research 30, 3127-36.
251. Zreda, M., England, J., Phillips, F., Elmore, D. and Sharma, P. 1999: Unblocking of the Nares Strait by Greenland and Ellesmere ice sheet retreat 10,000 years ago. Nature 398, 139-42.