VUV/EUV ionising radiation and atoms and ions: Dual laser plasma investigations

Radiation Physics and Chemistry

Volumn 70, Issue 1-3, 2004, Pages 291-321

  Kennedy, E T ^a   Costello, J T ^a   Mosnier, J P ^a   Van Kampen, P ^a  

^a DUBLIN CITY UNIVERSITY   (Ireland)

Author keywords

Absorption spectra; Atoms; Extreme ultraviolet; Imaging; Ions; Laser plasma; Photoionisation; Vacuum ultraviolet

Indexed keywords

ACTINIDES; IONIZING RADIATION; IONS; PHOTOIONIZATION;

LASER PLASMA PLUMES; PHOTOEXCITATION;

LASER PRODUCED PLASMAS;

ARGON; BARIUM; CARBON; CHROMIUM; GOLD; INERT GAS; ION; KRYPTON; LANTHANIDE; LANTHANUM; LITHIUM; MOLYBDENUM; NEON; PLATINUM; THORIUM; TUNGSTEN; URANIUM; ZINC;

ANALYTIC METHOD; ATOM; CHEMICAL INTERACTION; ELECTRON; IONIZING RADIATION; ISOELECTRIC POINT; LASER; RADIATION ABSORPTION; REVIEW; SYNCHROTRON; TECHNIQUE; ULTRAVIOLET RADIATION;

EID: 1842587588     PISSN: 0969806X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2003.12.018     Document Type: Article

References (150)

1. Adam M.Y.A., Stranges S., de Simone M., Svensson S., Combet-Farnoux F. Coster-Kronig decay of 3p core-excited states of atomic zinc. Phys. Rev. A. 49:1994;1797.
2. 2+ Phys. Rev. A. 67:2003;012701-012718.
3. AlMoussalami S., Bizau J.M., Rouvellou B., Cubaynes D., Journel J., Wuilleumier F.J., Obert J., Putaux J.C., Morgan T.J., Richter M. First angle-resolved photoelectron measurements following inner-shell resonant excitations in a singly charged ion. Phys. Rev. Lett. 76:1996;4496-4499.
4. Andruszkow J.et al. First observation of self-amplified spontaneous emission in a free-electron laser at 109. nm wavelength Phys. Rev. Lett. 85:2000;3825.
5. Ayvazyan V.et al. Generation of GW radiation pulses from a VUV free-electron laser operating in the femtosecond regime. Phys. Rev. Lett. 88:2002;104802-104814.
6. Azuma Y., Hasegawa S., Koike F., Kutluk G., Nagata T., Shigemasa E., Yagishita A., Sellin A. New photon-induced triply excited hollow atom states of lithium. Phys. Rev. Lett. 74:1995;3678.
7. Azuma Y., Koike F., Cooper J.W., Nagata T., Kutluk G., Shigemasa E., Wehlitz R., Sellin I.A. Photoexcitation of hollow lithium with completely empty K and L shells. Phys. Rev. Lett. 79:1997;2419-2422.
8. Ballofet G., Romand J., Vodar B. Emission source of continuous spectra extending from the visible to the far ultraviolet. Compt. Rend. 252:1961;4139.
9. Bauer J., Plucinski L., Piraux B., Potvliege R., Gajda M., Krzywinski J. Interaction of hydrogen atoms by intense vacuum ultraviolet radiation. J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 34:2001;2245-2254.
10. Beutler H. Z Astrophys. 93:1935;177.
11. Bizau J.M., Cubaynes D., Richter M., Wuilleumier F.J., Obert J., Putaux J.C., Morgan T.J., Kallne E., Sorenson S., Damany A. 1St observation of photoelectron spectra emitted in the photoionization of a single-charged ion beam with synchrotron radiation. Phys. Rev. Lett. 67:1991;576-579.
12. Bizau J.M., Cubaynes D., Esteva J.M., Wuilleumier F.J., Blancard C., Bruneau J., Champeaux J.P., La Fontaine A.C., Couillaud C., Marmoret R., Remond C., Hitz D., Delaunay M., Haque N., Deshmukh R.C., Zhou H.L., Manson S.T. Absolute measurements and theoretical calculations of photoionization cross-sections along the isonuclear sequence of multiply charged barium ions. Phys. Rev. Lett. 87:2001;273002.
13. Boyle J., Altun Z., Kelly H.P. Photoionization cross-section calculation of atomic tungsten. Phys. Rev. A. 47:1993;4811-4830.
14. Brewczyk M., Rzazewski J. Interaction of multi-electron atom with intense radiation in the VUV range. beyond the conventional model for high harmonic generation J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 34:2001;L289-L296.
15. Cantu A.M., Tondello G. Continuum source and focusing technique for the 80-500 Angstrom spectral range. improvements Appl. Opt. 14:1975;996-998.
16. Carillon A., Jaegle P., Dhez P. Extreme ultraviolet continuum absorption by a laser generated aluminium plasma. Phys. Rev. Lett. 25:1970;140-143.
17. Carroll P.K., Costello J.T. Giant-dipole-resonance in atomic thorium by a novel two-laser technique. Phys. Rev. Lett. 57:1986;1581-1583.
18. Carroll P.K., Costello J.T. The XUV photoabsorption spectrum of uranium vapour. J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 20:1987;L201-L205.
19. + formed in a laser-produced plasma. Phys. Rev. Lett. 38:1977;1068-1071.
20. Carroll P.K., O'Sullivan G. Ground state configurations of ionic species I through XVI for Z=57-74 and the interpretation of 4d-4f emission resonances in laser produced plasmas. Phys. Rev. A. 25:1982;275-286.
21. Carroll P.K., Kennedy E.T., O'Sullivan G. New continua for absorption spectroscopy from 40 to 2000 Angstroms. Opt. Lett. 2:1978;72-74.
22. Carroll P.K., Kennedy E.T., O'Sullivan G. Laser-produced continua for absorption spectroscopy in the VUV and XUV. Appl. Opt. 19:1980;1454-1462.
23. Chakraborty H.S., Gray A., Costello J.T., Deshmukh P.C., Haque G.N., Kennedy E.T., Manson S.T., Mosnier J.-P. Anomalous behavior of the near-threshold photoionization cross section of the neon isoelectronic sequence. A combined experimental and theoretical study Phys. Rev. Lett. 83:1999;2151-2154.
24. Cheng K.T., Froese Fischer C. Collapse of 4f orbital for Xe-like ions. Phys. Rev. A. 28:1983;2811-2819.
25. Cheng K.T., Johnson W.R. Orbital collapse and the photoionization of the inner 4d shells. Phys. Rev. A. 28:1983;2820-2828.
26. 22p state. Phys. Rev. A. 57:1998;3518-3522.
27. Chung K.T. Auger decay of multiply excited atomic systems. Phys. Rev. A. 59:1999;2065-2070.
28. Chung K.T., Gou B. Energies and lifetimes of triply excited states of lithium. Phys. Rev. A. 52:1995;3669-3676.
29. 2P°resonances of a triply excited lithium atom. Phys. Rev. A. 53:1996;2189-2193.
30. Clark C.W., Greene C.H. Hyperspherical analysis of three-electron dynamics. Phys. Rev. A. 21:1980;1786.
31. Codling K. Applications of synchrotron radiation (ultraviolet spectral light source). Rep. Prog. Phys. 36:1973;541.
32. Codling K., Madden R.P. Resonances in the photoionization continuum of Kr and Xe. J. Res. Nat. Bur. Std. Sect. A76:1972;1.
33. 3+. At. Data Nucl. Data Tables. 82:2002;115-190.
34. Connerade J.P., Lane A.M. The interaction between a Rydberg series and a shape or giant resonance. J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 20:1987;L181-L186.
35. 2 subshell. Proc. R. Soc. A. 339:1974;533.
36. Connerade J.P., Esteva J.M., Karnatak R.C. Giant Resonances in Atoms, Molecules and Solids. 1987;Plenum Press, New York.
37. Cooper J.W., Fano U., Prats F. Classification of two-electron excitation levels of helium. Phys. Rev. Lett. 10:1963;518-521.
38. Costello J.T., Mosnier J.-P., Kennedy E.T., Carroll P.K., O'Sullivan G. XUV absorption spectroscopy with laser-produced plasmas. a review Phys. Scripta. J34:1991;77-92.
39. +. Phys. Rev. A. 43:1991;1441.
40. Costello J.T., Kennedy E.T., Sonntag B.F., Cromer C.L. XUV photoabsorption of laser generated W and Pt vapours. J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 24:1991;5063-5069.
41. Cowan R.D. The Theory of Atomic Structure and Spectra. 1981;University of California Press, Berkeley, CA.
42. Cubaynes D., Diehl S., Journel L., Rouvellou B., Bizau J.-M., Moussalami S.A.l., Wuilleumier F.J., Berrah N., Voky L., Faucher P., Hibbert A., Blancard C., Kennedy E.T., Morgan T.J., Bozek J., Schlachter A.S. First photoexcitation measurements and R-matrix calculations of even-parity hollow states in laser-excited lithium atoms. Phys. Rev. Lett. 77:1996;2194-2197.
43. De Bruijn R., Koshelev K., Kooijman G., Toma E.S., Bijkerk F. Absorption of EUV in laser plasmas generated on xenon gas jets. J. Quant. Spectr. Rad. Transfer. 81:2003;97-105.
44. Diehl S., Cubaynes D., Bizau J.-M., Journel L., Rouvellou B., Moussalami S.Al., Wuilleumier F.J., Kennedy E.T., Berrah N., Blancard C., Morgan T.J., Bozek J., Schlachter A.S., VoKy L., Faucher P., Hibbert A. High resolution measurements of partial photoionization cross sections in hollow lithium. a critical comparison with advanced many-body calculations Phys. Rev. Lett. 76:1996;3915-3918.
45. Diehl S., Cubaynes D., Wuilleumier F.J., Bizau J.-M., Journel L., Kennedy E.T., Blancard C., VoKy L., Faucher P., Hibbert A., Berrah N., Morgan T.J., Bozek J., Schlachter A.S. Experimental observation and theoretical calculations of the lowest doubly hollow lithium state. Phys. Rev. A. Rapid Commun. 56:1997;R1071-R1074.
46. Diehl S., Cubaynes D., Wuilleumier F.J., Bizau J.M., Journel L., Kennedy E.T., Blancard C., VoKy L., Faucher P., Hibbert A., Berrah N., Morgan T.J., Bozek J., Schlachter A.S. Experimental observation and theoretical calculations of Rydberg series in hollow lithium atomic states. Phys. Rev. Lett. 79:1997;1241-1244.
47. Diehl S., Cubaynes D., Kennedy E.T., Wuilleumier F.J., Bizau J.-M., Journel L., VoKy L., Faucher P., Hibbert A., Blancard C., Berrah N., Morgan T.J., Bozek J., Schlachter A.S. Hollow-atom - hollow-ion decay routes of triply excited lithium. first auger results and a comparison with r-matrix calculations J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 30:1997;L595-L605.
48. +. J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 32:1999;4193-4207.
49. 22p triply excited state of atomic lithium. experimental results and r-matrix calculations Phys. Rev. Lett. 84:2000;1677-1680.
50. 3 triply excited hollow resonance of lithium. measurement and calculation of partial cross sections and angular behaviour J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 33:2000;L487-L494.
51. Dietz R.E., McRae E.G., Weaver J.H. Core-electron excitation edges in metallic Ni, Cu, Pt and Au. Phys. Rev. B. 21:1980;2229-2247.
52. +. J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 29:1996;L673-L676.
53. Donnelly D., Bell K.L., Hibbert A. Breit-Pauli R-matrix calculation of the 3p photoabsorption of single ionized chromium. J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 30:1997;L285-L291.
54. Dundas D., Taylor K.T., Parker J.S., Smyth E.S. Double-ionization dynamics of laser-driven helium. J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 32:1999;L231-L238.
55. +. Phys. Rev. A. 48:1993;4358-4364.
56. Dunne P., O'Sullivan G., O'Reilly D. Prepulse-enhanced narrow bandwidth soft X-ray emission from a low-debris, subnanosecond laser plasma light source. Appl. Phys. Lett. 76:2000;34-36.
57. Edlen B. Interpretation of the emission lines in the spectrum of the solar corona. Z. Astrophys. 20:1942;30-64.
58. Edlen B. Wavelength measurements in the vacuum ultraviolet. Reps. Prog. Phys. (IOP and Physics London). 26:1964;181.
59. Fawcett B.C., Gabriel A.H., Irons F.E., Peacock N.J., Saunders P.A.H. Extreme ultra-violet spectra from laser-produced plasmas. Proc. Phys. Soc. 88:1966;1051-1811053.
60. Feldhaus J. Status and perspectives of single pass free electron lasers for short wave lengths. J. Phys. IV. 11:2001;237-244.
61. Gabriel A.H. Plasma Light Sources. Nucl. Instrum. Methods. 90:1970;157.
62. Garton W.R.S. Bates D.R., Estermann I. Spectroscopy in the Vacuum Ultraviolet. Vol. 2:1966;93-176 Academic, New York.
63. Garton W.R.S., Connerade J.P., Mansfield M.W.D., Wheaton J.E.G. Atomic absorption spectroscopy in the 100-600. Å wavelength range Appl. Opt. 8:1969;919-924.
64. Grant I.P., McKenzie B.J., Norrington P.H., Mayers D.F., Pyher N.C. An atomic multiconfigurational Dirac-Fock package. Comput. Phys. Commun. 21:1980;207-231.
65. Gray, A. (1999). Ph.D. Thesis. XUV photoabsorption studies of calcium and the neon isoelectronic sequence. Dublin City University.
66. 0 states. Phys. Rev. A. 30:1984;2161.
67. Grujic P.V. Triply excited three-electron systems semi classical model. Eur. Phys. D6:1999;441-450.
68. Haensel R., Radler K., Sonntag B., Kunz C. Optical absorption measurements of tantalum, tungsten, rhenium and platinum in the extreme ultraviolet. Solid State Commun. 7:1969;1495-1497.
69. Haire R.G. Comparison of the chemical and physical properties of f-element metals and oxides - their dependence on electrical properties. J. Alloys Compd. 223:1995;185-196.
70. Hartman P.L., Tomboulian D.H. Far ultraviolet radiation from the Cornell synchrotron. Phys. Rev. 91:1953;1577-1578.
71. Hasbani R., Cormier E., Bachau H. Resonant and non-resonant ionization of helium by XUV ultrashort and intense laser pulses. J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 33:2000;2101-2116.
72. Hibbert A., Scott M.P. Atomic data for opacity calculations 21 the neon sequence. J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 27:1994;1315-1323.
73. Hirsch J.S., Meighan O., Mosnier J.P., van Kampen P., Whitty W.W., Costello J.T., Lewis C.L.S., MacPhee A.G., Hirst A.G., Westhall J., Shaikh W. Vacuum ultraviolet resonant photoabsorption imaging of laser produced plasmas. J. Appl. Phys. 88:2000;4953-4960.
74. Hirsch J.S., Kennedy E.T., Neogi A., Costello J.T. Vacuum-ultraviolet photoabsorption imaging system for laser plasma plume diagnostics. Rev. Sci. Instrum. 74:2003;2992-2998.
75. Hopfield J.J. Absorption and emission spectra in the wavelength region 600-1100. A°Phys. Rev. 35:1930;1133-1134.
76. 2+. Opt. Commun. 50:1984;225-230.
77. Jannitti E., Nicolosi P., Tondello G. Absorption spectra from 1s inner-shell electron of ionized and neutral carbon. Phys. Scr. 41:1990;458-463.
78. Kennedy E.T. Looking at the bright side of VUV SASE FELS. Nucl. Instrum Methods A. 445/1-3:2000;463.
79. Kennedy E.T. Photogeneration of hollow atoms. recent developments Phys. Scr. T95:2001;32-42.
80. Kennedy E.T., Costello J.T., Mosnier J.-P., Cafolla A.A., Collins M., Kiernan L., Köble U., Sayyad M.H., Shaw M. Extreme ultraviolet studies with laser produced plasmas. Opt. Eng. 33:1994;3964-3992.
81. Kennedy E.T., Costello J.T., Mosnier J.-P. Inner shell photoionization of atoms, excited atoms and ions with laser generated plasmas. Cisneros C., Morgan T.J. Proceedings of the 4th US-Mexico Symposium on Atomic and Molecular Physics. 1995;406-423 World Scientific, Singapore.
82. Kennedy E.T., Diehl S., Cubaynes D., Bizau J.-M., Wuilleumier F.J. Aumayr F., Winter H. Photonic, Electronic and Atomic Collisions. 1998;129 World Scientific, Singapore.
83. Kennedy, E.T., Costello, J.T., Mosnier, J.-P., van Kampen, P., 2001. Atomic and ionic photoionization data for astrophysics: applications of the dual laser plasma technique. Ferland, G., Savin, D. (Eds.), Spectroscopic Challenges of Photoionized Plasmas. APS Conference Series, pp. 127-132.
84. Kiernan L., Mosnier J.-P., Kennedy E.T., Costello J.T., Sonntag B.F. First observation of a photon induced triply excited state in atomic lithium. Phys. Rev. Lett. 72:1994;2359-2362.
85. Kiernan L.M., Lee M-Q., Sonntag B.F., Sladeczek P., Zimmermann P., Kennedy E.T., Mosnier J.-P., Costello J.T. High resolution photoion yield spectrum of 'hollow' atomic lithium. J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 28:1995;L161-L168.
86. m+. m=1,2&3 in the region of 3p subshell excitation J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 29:1997;4801-4812.
87. + near threshold. Astrophys. J. 524:1999;L143-L146.
88. + ions from the 3p to the 3s threshold. J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 32:1999;4457-4465.
89. Kjeldsen H., West J.B., Folkmann F., Knudsen H., Andersen T. The absolute photoionization cross section of singly charged ions in the extreme ultraviolet. J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 33:2000;1403-1414.
90. 3+ and Au in the giant resonance energy region, Dublin City University.
91. 3+. Phys. Rev. Lett. 74:1995;2188.
92. Köble U., Costello J.T., Mosnier J.-P., Kennedy E.T., Martins M. XUV photoabsorption of laser generated Au vapour. J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 28:1995;181-190.
93. Kornberg M.A., Lambropoulos P. Photoelectron energy spectrum in 'direct' two-photon double ionization of helium. J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 32:1999;L603-L613.
94. Lagutin B.M., Demekhin Ph.V., Petrov I.D., Sukhorukov V.L., Lauer S., Liebel H., Volliveiler F., Schmoranzer H., Wilhelmi O., Mentzel G., Schartner K.-H. Photoionization of Ar and Ar-like ions near the 3s-threshold. J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 32:1999;1795-1807.
95. 2+ sequence. Phys. Rev. Lett. 47:1981;1124.
96. Lyman T. The spectrum of helium in the extreme ultra-violet. Astrophys. J. 60:1924;1.
97. Lyman T. The Spectroscopy of the Extreme Ultraviolet. 2nd Edition:1928;Longmans, Green, New York.
98. + ions. J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 19:1986;4137-4147.
99. Madden R.P., Codling K. New autoionizing atomic energy levels in He, Ne and Ar. Phys. Rev. Lett. 10:1963;516-518.
100. Mansfield, M.W.D., Audley, M.D., 2003. Private Communication.
101. Mansfield M.W.D., Costello J.T., Kennedy E.T., Mosnier J.-P. The 4p-subshell photoabsorption spectrum of singly ionised molydenum. J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 36:2003;2611-2628.
102. + ions in a laser-produced plasma. J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 32:1999;L583-L591.
103. 2+ ions J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 33:2000;5077-5090.
104. McGuire J.H., Berrah N., Barlett R.J., Samson J.A.R., Tanis J.A., Cocke C.L., Schlachter A.S. The ratio of cross-sections for double to single ionization of helium by high energy photons and charged particles. J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 28:1995;913-940.
105. Meighan O., Dardis L., Kennedy E.T., Morgan T.J., Mosnier J.-P., van Kampen P., Costello J.T. Observation of a 6p-6d giant dipole resonance in the VUV photoabsorption spectrum of a laser-produced thorium plasma. J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 32:1997;L285-L290.
106. Meighan O., Danson C., Dardis L., Lewis C.L.S., MacPhee A., McGuinness C., O'Rourke R., Shaikh W., Turcu I.C.E., Costello J.T. Application of a picosecond laser plasma continuum light source to a dual-laser plasma photoabsorption experiment. J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 33:2000;1159-1168.
107. Millikan R.A., Bowen I.S. Extreme ultra-violet spectra. Phys. Rev. 23:1924;1-34.
108. Millikan R.A., Sawyer R.A. Extreme ultra-violet spectra of hot sparks in high vacuum. Phys. Rev. 12:1918;167-170.
109. Morishita T., Lin C.D. Comprehensive analysis of electron correlations in three-electron atoms. Phys. Rev. A. 59:1999;1835-1843.
110. Morishita T., Tolstikhin O.I., Watanabe S., Matsuzawa M. Hyperspherical hierarchy of three-electron radial excitations. Phys. Rev. A. 56:1997;3559-3568.
111. 2+ in the extreme ultraviolet. Phys. Rev. A. 49:1994;755-761.
112. + in the 60. eV to 180 eV photon energy range J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 33:2000;5203-5214.
113. 3+ series: Experiment and theory. Phys. Rev. A. 67, 042707-1-10.
114. Nicolosi P., Villoresi P. Experimental measurement of the CII L-shell photoabsorption spectrum. Phys. Rev. A. 58:1998;4985-4988.
115. Novikov S.A., Hopersky A.N. Two-photon excitation/ionization of atomic inner shells. J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 33:2000;2287-2294.
116. Olsen C.G., Lynch D.W. Rare-earth 4d absorption spectra in rare-earth triflorides. J. Opt. Soc. Am. 72:1982;88.
117. Osgood T.H. X-ray spectra of long wave-length. Phys. Rev. 30:1927;567-573.
118. + ions. J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 20:1987;L673.
119. Rau A.R.P. Excitation and decay of correlated atomic states. Science. 258:1992;1444-1451.
120. 4P CII photoabsorption spectra. Phys. Rev. A. 64:2001;012509-012510.
121. Richardson M. Samson J.A., Ederer D.L. Vacuum Ultraviolet Spectroscopy. 2000;83-92 Academic Press, New York.
122. Rossbach J. A VUV free electron laser at the TESLA test facility at DESY. Nucl. Instrum. Methods A. 375:1996;269-273.
123. Saenz A., Lambropoulos P. Theoretical two-, three- and four-photon ionization cross section of helium in the XUV range. J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 32:1999;5629-5637.
124. Samson J.A.R. Techniques of Vacuum Ultraviolet Spectroscopy. 1967;Wiley, New York.
125. Samson J.A., Ederer D.L. Vacuum Ultraviolet Spectroscopy. 2000;Academic Press, New York. ISBN: 0-12-617560-8.
126. Schmidt V. Electron Spectrometry of Atoms using Synchrotron Radiation. 1997;Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. ISBN: 0 521 55053.
127. 2+ ions by synchrotron radiation. measurements and absolute cross sections in photon energy range 23-68 eV Phys. Rev. A. 67:2003;032710-032713.
128. Schulz K., Kaindl G., Domke M., Bozek J.D., Heimann P.A., Schlachter A.S., Rost J.M. Observation of new Rydberg series and resonances in doubly excited helium at ultrahigh resolution. Phys. Rev. Lett. 77:1996;3086-3089.
129. Schumann V. Akad. Weiss. Wein. 102:1893;625.
130. Schwinger J. On the classical radiation of accelerated electrons. Phys. Rev. 75:1949;1912-1925.
131. Sonntag B. VUV and X-ray free electron lasers. Nucl. Instrum. Methods A. 467(Part 1):2001;8-15.
132. Sonntag B.F., Zimmerman P. XUV spectroscopy of metal atoms. Rep. Prog. Phys. 55:1992;911-987.
133. Speer R.J. Carson T.R., Roberts M.J. Some Recent Aspects of Spectroscopy at UV and X-ray Wavelengths in Atoms and Molecules in Astrophysics. 1972;285-310 Academic Press, New York. ISBN 0-12-161050-0.
134. Tatchyn R., Arthur J., Baltay M., Bane K., Boyce R., Cornacchia M., Cremer T., Fisher A., Hahn S.J., Hernandex M., Low G., Miller R., Nelson W.R., Nuhn H.D., Palmer D., Paterson J., Raubenheimer T., Weaver J., Wiedemann H., Winick H., Pellegrini C., Travish G., Scharlemann E.T., Caspi S., Fawley W., Halbach K., Kim K.J., Schlueter R., Xie M., Meyerhofer D., Bonifacio R., DeSalvo L. Research and development toward a 4.5-1.5 Angstrom linear coherent light source (LCLS) at SLAC. Nucl. Instrum. Methods A. 375:1996;274-283.
135. Tomboulian D.H., Hartman P.L. Spectral and angular distribution of ultraviolet radiation from the 300-MeV Cornell synchrotron. Phys. Rev. 102:1956;1423-1447.
136. Tousey R. The extreme ultraviolet - past and future. Appl. Opt. 1:1962;679.
137. Ullrich J., Moshammer R., Dorner R., Jagutzki O., Mergal V., SchmidtBocking H., Spielberger L. Recoil-ion momentum spectroscopy. J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 30:1997;2917-2974.
138. van Kampen P., O'Sullivan G., Ivanov V.K., Ipatov A.N., Costello J.T., Kennedy E.T. Dramatic changes in the 3s autoionization process at the beginning of the Ar I sequence. Phys. Rev. Lett. 78:1997;3082-3085.
139. van Kampen P., Gerth C.h., Martins M., Carroll P.K., Hirsch J., Kennedy E.T., Mosnier J.-P., Zimmermann P., Costello J.T. Photoabsorption and photoion spectroscopy of atomic uranium in the region of 6p and 5d excitations. Phys. Rev. A. 61:2000;2706-2712.
140. Verbockhaven G., Hansen J.E. Autoionization of triply excited Rydberg series. Phys. Rev. Lett. 84:2000;2810-2813.
141. Wabnitz H.et al. Multiple ionization of atom clusters by intense soft X-rays from a free electron laser. Nature. 420:2002;482-485.
142. Weaver J.H., Olson G.G. Optical absorption in the 4d transition metals from 20 to 250. eV Phys. Rev. B. 14:1976;3251-3255.
143. Weidemann H. Synchrotron Radiation. 2003;Springer, Berlin. ISBN 3540433929.
144. Wehlitz R., Huang M.T., DePaola B.D., Levin J.C., Sellin I.A., Nagata T., Cooper J.W., Azuma Y. Triple photoionization of lithium. Phys. Rev. Lett. 81:1998;1813-1816.
145. Wehlitz R., Pattard T., Huang M.-T., Sellin I.A., Burgdörfer J., Azuma Y. Near-threshold triple-photoionization cross section of lithium. Phys. Rev. A. 61:2000;030704.
146. West J.B. Photoionization cross sections of atomic ions. J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 34:2001;R45-03070491.
147. West J.B. Photoionization cross sections of atomic ions. J. Electr. Spectr. Relat. Phen. 123:2002;247-256.
148. Williams G.P., Lapeyre G.J., Anderson J., Dietz R.E., Yafet Y. 4f core threshold effects in photoemission from Pt. J. Vac. Sci. Technol. 16:1979;528-530.
149. Wuilleumier F.J., Diehl S., Cubaynes D., Bizau J.-M., Kennedy E.T. Photoelectron spectroscopy studies of hollow lithium states. J. Electr. Spectr. Relat. Phen. 41:1998;88-91.
150. Wuilleumier F.J. From doubly excited states of helium to triply excited states of lithium. Phys. Essays. 13:2000;230-247. (special issue).