Scale-bearing nanoflagellates from southern Tasmanian coastal waters, Australia. I. Species of the genus Chrysochromulina (Haptophyta)

Botanica Marina

Volumn 47, Issue 1, 2004, Pages 73-102

  LeRoi, Jeannie Marie ^a,b   Hallegraeff, Gustaaf M ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF TASMANIA   (Australia)

^b CSIRO   (Australia)

Author keywords

Chrysochromulina; Haptophyta; Nanoflagellates; Taxonomy

Indexed keywords

COASTAL WATER; FLAGELLATE; NEW RECORD; NEW SPECIES; SPECIES INVENTORY; TAXONOMY; TOXICITY TEST;

AUSTRALASIA; AUSTRALIA; TASMANIA;

ALGAE; ANOSTRACA; ARTEMIA; CHITON; CHRYSOCHROMULINA; CHRYSOCHROMULINA ACANTHA; CHRYSOCHROMULINA ALIFERA; CHRYSOCHROMULINA APHELES; CHRYSOCHROMULINA BREVIFILUM; CHRYSOCHROMULINA FRAGARIA; CHRYSOCHROMULINA HIRTA; CHRYSOCHROMULINA MINOR; CHRYSOCHROMULINA PARKEAE; CHRYSOCHROMULINA POLYLEPIS; CHRYSOCHROMULINA SCUTELLUM; CHRYSOCHROMULINA SPINIFERA; CLITELLARIA; DECAPODA (CRUSTACEA); EUKARYOTA; FRAGARIA; FRAGARIA X ANANASSA; HAPTOPHYCEAE; MACTRA; MASTIGOPHORA (FLAGELLATES); POLYLEPIS; VEXILLIFERA;

EID: 1842563078     PISSN: 00068055     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1515/BOT.2004.008     Document Type: Review

References (86)

1. Andersen, R.A., S.I. Blackburn, F.J.R. Taylor and C. Tomas. 1995. Algal culture collections and toxic algal strains. In: (G.M. Hallegraeff, D.M. Anderson and A.D. Cembella, eds) Manual on harmful marine microalgae. IOC Manuals and Guides no. 33. UNESCO, Paris, pp. 489-531.
2. Aune, T., O.M. Skulberg and B. Underdahl. 1992. A toxic phytoflagellate bloom of Chrysochromulina cf. leadbeateri in coastal waters in the north of Norway, May-June 1991. Ambio 21: 471-474.
3. Beech, P.L. 1983. A preliminary survey of selected groups of scaled nanoplankton from Victorian coastal waters, with ultrastructural observations on Hymenomonas carterae (Prymnesiophyceae). B.Sc. (Hons) thesis, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, pp.132.
4. Bérard-Therriault, L., M. Poulin and L. Bossé. 1999. Guide d'identification du phytoplancton marin de l'estuaire et du golfe du Saint-Laurent incluant également certains protozoaires. Publ. Spéc. Can. Sci. Halieut. Aquat. Vol. 128. pp. 387.
5. Birkhead, M. and R.N. Pienaar. 1994. The ultrastructure of Chrysochromulina brevifilum (Prymnesiophyceae). Eur. J. Phycol. 29: 267-280.
6. Birkhead, M. and R.N. Pienaar. 1995a. The flagellar apparatus of Chrysochromulina sp. (Prymnesiophyceae). J. Phycol. 31: 96-108.
7. Birkhead, M. and R.N. Pienaar. 1995b. The taxonomy and ultrastructure of Chrysochromulina simplex (Prymnesiophyceae). Phycologia 34: 145-156.
8. Bolch, C.J. S., S.I. Blackburn, J.A. Cannon and G.M. Hallegraeff. 1991. The resting cyst of the red-tide dinoflagellate Alexandrium minutum (Dinophyceae). Phycologia 30: 215-219.
9. Dahl, E., O. Lindahl, E. Paasche, and J. Throndsen. 1989. The Chrysochromulina polylepis bloom in Scandinavian waters during spring 1988. In: (E.M. Cosper, M. Bricelj and E.J. Carpenter, eds) Novel phytoplankton blooms: causes and impacts of recurrent brown tides and other unusual blooms. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, pp. 383-405.
10. Dahl, E., B. Edvardsen and W. Eikrem. 1998. Chrysochromulina blooms in the Skagerrak after 1988. In: (B. Reguera, J. Blanco, M.L. Fernández and T. Wyatt, eds) Harmful algae. Xunta de Galicia and Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO, pp. 104-105.
11. Edvardsen, B. 1993. Toxicity of Chrysochromulina species (Prymnesiophyceae) to the brine shrimp, Artemia salina. In: (T. Smayda and Y. Shimizu, eds) Toxic phytoplankton blooms in the sea. Elsevier Science Publishers, B.V, Amsterdam, pp. 681-686.
12. Edvardsen, B. and L. Medlin. 1998. Genetic analyses of authentic and alternate forms of Chrysochromulina polylepis (Haptophyta). Phycologia 37: 275-283.
13. Edvardsen, B. and E. Paasche. 1992. Two motile growth stages of Chrysochromulina polylepis (Prymnesiophyceae): morphology, growth and toxicity. J. Phycol. 28: 104-114.
14. Edvardsen, B. and E. Paasche. 1998. Bloom dynamics and physiology of Prymnesium and Chrysochromulina. In: (D.M Anderson, A.D. Cembella and G.M. Hallegraeff, eds) Physiological ecology of harmful algal blooms. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, pp. 193-208.
15. Edvardsen, B., W. Eikrem, J.C. Green, R.A. Andersen, S.Y.M. Staay and L.K. Medlin. 2000. Phylogenetic reconstructions of the Haptophyta inferred from 18s ribosomal DNA sequences and valuable morphological data. Phycologia 39: 19-35.
16. Edvardsen, B., W. Eikrem, D. Vaulot and E. Paasche. 1996. Comparison between authentic and alternate Chrysochromulina polylepis: morphology, growth, toxicity and ploidy level. In: (T. Yasumoto, Y. Oshima and Y. Fukuyo, eds) Harmful and toxic algal blooms. Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO, pp. 231-234.
17. Eikrem, W. 1996. Chrysochromulina throndsenii sp. nov. (Prymnesiophyceae). Description of a new haptophyte flagellate from Norwegian waters. Phycologia 35: 377-380.
18. Eikrem, W. and B. Edvardsen. 1999. Chrysochromulina fragaria sp. nov. (Prymnesiophyceae), a new haptophyte flagellate from Norwegian waters. Phycologia 38: 149-155.
19. Eikrem, W. and Ø. Moestrup. 1998. Structural analysis of the flagellar apparatus and the scaly periplast in Chrysochromulina scutellum sp. nov. (Prymnesiophyceae, Haptophyta) from the Skagerrak and the Baltic. Phycologia 37: 132-153.
20. Eikrem, W. and J. Throndsen. 1993. Toxic prymnesiophytes identified from Norwegian coastal waters. In: (T.J. Smayda and Y. Shimiszu, eds) Toxic phytoplankton blooms in the sea. Elsevier Science Publishers, B.V. Amsterdam, pp. 687-692.
21. Eikrem, W. and J. Throndsen. 1998. Morphology of Chrysochromulina leadbeateri (Prymnesiophyceae) from northern Norway. Phycologia 37: 292-299.
22. Eikrem, W. and J. Throndsen. 1999. The morphology of Chrysochromulina rotalis sp.nov. (Prymnesiophyceae, Haptophyta) isolated from the Skagerrak. Sarsia 84: 445-449.
23. Estep, K.W., P.G. Davies, P.E. Hargraves and J. McN. Sieburth. 1984. Chloroplast-containing microflagellates in natural populations of North Atlantic nanoplankton, their identification and distribution; including a description of five new species of Chrysochromulina (Prymnesiophyceae). Protistologica 20: 613-634.
24. Green, J.C. and B.S.C. Leadbeater. 1972. Chrysochromulina parkeae sp. nov. (Haptophyceae), a new species recorded from SW England and Norway. J. Mar. Biol. Ass. UK 52: 469-474.
25. Guillard, R.R.L. and P.E. Hargraves. 1993. Stichochrysis immobilis is a diatom, not a chrysophyte. Phycologia 32: 234-236.
26. Hajdu, S., U. Larsson and Ø. Moestrup. 1996. Seasonal dynamics of Chrysochromulina species (Prymnesiophyceae) in a coastal area and a nutrient-enriched inlet of the Northern Baltic Proper. Bot. Mar. 39: 281-295.
27. Hallegraeff, G.M. 1981. Seasonal study of phytoplankton pigments and species at a coastal station off Sydney: importance of diatoms and nanoplankton. Mar. Biol. 61: 107-118.
28. Hallegraeff, G.M. 1983. Scale-bearing and loricate nanoplankton from the East Australian Current. Bot. Mar. 26: 493-515.
29. Hällfors, S. and H.A. Thomsen. 1985. Chrysochromulina brachycylindra sp. nov. (Prymnesiophyceae) from Finnish coastal waters. Nord. J. Bot. 5: 499-504.
30. Hansen, P.J., T.G. Nielsen and H. Kaas. 1995. Distribution and growth of protists and mesozooplankton during a bloom of Chrysochromulina spp. (Prymnesiophyceae, Prymnesiales. Phycologia 34: 409-416.
31. Hoepffner, N. and L.W. Haas. 1990. Electron microscopy of nanoplankton from the Northern Pacific Central Gyre. J. Phycol. 26: 421-439.
32. Hoff, F.H. and T.W. Snell. 1987. Plankton culture manual. Aquafarms Inc., Florida. pp. 91-109.
33. Jebram, D. 1980. Prospection for a sufficient nutrition for the cosmopolitic marine bryozoan Elektra pilosa (Linnaeus). Zool. Jb. Syst. 107: 368-390.
34. Jeffrey, S.W. and J.-M. LeRoi. 1997. Simple procedures for growing SCOR reference microalgal cultures. In: (S.W. Jeffrey, R.F.C. Mantoura and S.W. Wright, eds) Phytoplankton pigments in oceanography. UNESCO Publishing, Paris. pp. 181-204.
35. Jones, H.L.J., B.S.C. Leadbeater and J.C. Green. 1994. Mixotrophy in haptophytes. In: (J.C. Green and B.S.C. Leadbeater, eds) The haptophyte algae. Clarendon Press, Oxford. pp. 247-264.
36. Keller, M.D., R.C. Selvin, W. Claus and R.R.L. Guillard. 1987. Media for the culture of oceanic ultraphytoplankton. J. Phycol. 23: 633-638.
37. Knipschildt, F. 1992. A new Chrysochromulina outbreak and fish kills in Danish costal waters. Harmful Algal News 63: 2.
38. Larsen, A. 1999. Prymnesium parvum and P. patelliferum (Haptophyta) - one species. Phycologia 38: 541-543.
39. Leadbeater, B.S.C. 1972a. Fine structural observations on six new species of Chrysochromulina (Haptophyceae) from Norway, with preliminary observations on scale production in C. microcylindra sp. nov. Sarsia 49: 65-80.
40. Leadbeater, B.S.C. 1972b. Identification, by means of electron microscopy, of flagellate nanoplankton from the coast of Norway. Sarsia 49: 107-124.
41. Leadbeater, B.S.C. 1974. Ultrastructural observations on nanoplankton collected from the coast of Jugoslavia and the Bay of Algiers. J. Mar. Biol. Ass. UK 54: 179-196.
42. Leadbeater, B.S.C. and I. Manton. 1969. Chrysochromulina camella sp. nov. and C. cymbium sp. nov., two new relatives of C. strobilus Parke and Manton. Arch. Mikrobiol. 68: 116-132.
43. Leadbeater, B.S.C. and I. Manton. 1971. Fine structure and light microscopy of a new species of Chrysochromulina (C. acantha). Arch. Mikrobiol. 78: 58-69.
44. Lewin, J. 1966. Silicon metabolism in diatoms. V. Germanium dioxide, a specific inhibitor of diatom growth. Phycologia 6: 1-12.
45. Malone, T.C. 1980. Algal size. In: (I. Morris, ed.) The physiological ecology of phytoplankton. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford. pp. 433-463.
46. Manton, I. 1967. Further observations on scale formation in Chrysochromulina chiton. J. Cell Sci. 2: 411-418.
47. Manton, I. 1968. Further observations on the microanatomy of the haptonema on Chrysochromulina chiton and Prymnesium parvum. Protoplasma 66: 35-53.
48. Manton, I. 1972. Preliminary observations on Chrysochromulina mactra sp. nov. Br. Phycol. J. 7: 21-35.
49. Manton, I. 1978a. Chrysochromulina hirta sp. nov., a widely distributed species with unusual spines. Br. Phycol. J. 13: 3-14.
50. Manton, I. 1978b. Chrysochromulina tenuispina sp. nov. from Arctic Canada. Br. Phycol. J. 13: 227-234.
51. Manton, I. 1982. Chrysochromulina latilepsis sp. nov. (Prymnesiophyceae=Haptophyceae) from the Galapagos Islands, with preliminary comparisons with relevant taxa from South Africa. Bot. Mar. 25: 163-169.
52. Manton, I. and B.S.C. Leadbeater. 1974. Fine-structural observations on six species of Chrysochromulina from wild Danish marine nanoplankton, including a description of C. campanulifera sp. nov. and a preliminary summary of the nanoplankton as a whole. Danske Vidensk. Selsk. Biol. Skr. 20: 1-26.
53. Manton, I. and G.F. Leedale. 1961. Further observations on the fine structure of Chrysochromulina ericina Parke et Manton. J. Mar. Biol. Ass. UK, 41: 145-155.
54. Manton, I. and K. Oates. 1983. Nanoplankton from the Galapagos Islands: Chrysochromulina vexillifera sp. nov. (Haptophyceae=Prymnesiophyceae), a species with semivestigial body spines. Bot. Mar. 26: 517-525.
55. Manton, I. and M. Parke. 1962. Preliminary observations on scales and their mode of origin in Chrysochromulina polylepis sp. nov. J. Mar. Biol. Ass. UK 42: 565-578.
56. Manton, I., J. Sutherland and M. McCully. 1976. Fine structural observations on cocolithophorids from South Alaska in the genera Papposphaera Tangen and Pappomonas Manton and Oates. Br. Phycol. J. 11: 225-238.
57. Manton, I., K. Oates and P.A. Course. 1981a. Cylinder scales in marine flagellates from the genus Chrysochromulina (Haptophyceae=Prymnesiophyceae) with a description of C. pachycylindra sp. nov. J. Mar. Biol. Ass. UK 61: 17-26.
58. Manton, I., K. Oates and J. Sutherland. 1981b. Cylinder scales in marine flagellates from the genus Chrysochromulina (Haptophyceae=Prymnesiophyceae): further observations from C. microcylindra Leadbeater and C. cyathophora Thomsen. J. Mar. Biol. Ass. UK, 61: 27-33.
59. Marchant, H.J. 1993. Antarctic marine nanoplankton. Current Topics in Bot. Res. 1: 189-201.
60. Markham, J.W. and E. Hagmeier. 1982. Observations on the effects of germanium dioxide on the growth of macroalgae and diatoms. Phycologia 21: 125-130.
61. McFadden, G.I., D.R.A. Hill and R. Wetherbee. 1986. A study of the genus Pyramimonas (Prasinophyceae) from south-eastern Australia. Nord. J. Bot. 6: 209-234.
62. Meldahl, A.-S., B. Edvardsen and F. Fonnum. 1994. Toxicity of four potentially ichthyotoxic marine phytoflagellates determined by four different test methods. J. Toxicol. Environ. Health 42: 289-301.
63. Moestrup, Ø. 1979. Identification by electron microscopy of marine nanoplankton from New Zealand including the description of four new species. N. Z. J. Bot. 17: 61-95.
64. Moestrup, Ø. 1994. Economic aspects: 'blooms', nuisance species, and toxins. In: (J.C. Green and B.S.C. Leadbeater, eds) The haptophyte algae. Clarendon Press, Oxford. pp. 265-285.
65. Moestrup, Ø. and H.A. Thomsen. 1986. Ultrastructure and reconstruction of the flagellar apparatus in Chrysochromulina apheles sp. nov. (Prymnesiophyceae=Haptophyceae). Can. J. Bot. 64: 593-610.
66. Moestrup, Ø. and H.A. Thomsen. 1995. Taxonomy of toxic haptophytes (Prymnesiophytes). In: (G.M. Hallegraeff, D.M. Anderson and A.D. Cembella, eds) Manual on harmful marine microalgae. IOC Manuals and Guides no. 33, UNESCO, Paris. pp. 319-398.
67. Paasche, E., B. Edvardsen and W. Eikrem. 1990. A possible alternate stage in the life cycle of Chrysochromulina polylepis Manton et Parke (Prymnesiophyceae). Nova Hedwigia, Beihefte Vol. 100. pp. 91-99.
68. Parke, M. and I. Manton. 1962. Studies on marine flagellates VI. Chrysochromulina pringsheimii sp. nov. J. Mar. Biol. Ass. UK 42: 391-404.
69. Parke, M., I. Manton and B. Clarke. 1955. Studies on marine flagellates II. Three new species of Chrysochromulina. J. Mar. Biol. Ass. UK 34: 579-609.
70. Parke, M., I. Manton and B. Clarke. 1956. Studies on marine flagellates III. Three further species of Chrysochromulina. J. Mar. Biol. Ass. UK 35: 387-414.
71. Parke, M., I. Manton and B. Clarke. 1958. Studies on marine flagellates IV. Morphology and microanatomy of a new species of Chrysochmmulina. J. Mar. Biol. Ass. UK 37: 209-228.
72. Persoone, G. and P.G. Wells. 1987. Artemia in aquatic toxicology: a review. In: (P. Sorgeloos, D.A. Bengtson, W. Decleir and E. Jaspers, eds) Artemia research and its applications. I. Morphology, genetics, strain characterization, toxicology. Universa Press, Wetteren. pp. 259-275.
73. Pienaar, R.N. and V. Bandu. 1984. A new species of Chrysochromulina (Prymnesiophyceae) from Natal inshore waters. Elec. Microscop. Soc. S. A. 14: 65-66.
74. Pienaar, R.N. and R.E. Norris. 1979. The ultrastructure of the flagellate Chrysochromulina spinifera (Fournier) comb. nov. (Prymnesiophyceae) with special reference to scale production. Phycologia 18: 99-108.
75. Rhodes, L. and B. Burke. 1996. Morphology and growth characteristics of Chrysochromulina species (Haptophyceae=Prymnesiophyceae) isolated from New Zealand coastal waters. N. Z. J. Mar. Freshw. Res. 30: 91-103.
76. Rhodes, L.L., C.J. O'Kelly and J.A. Hall. 1994. Comparison of growth characteristics of New Zealand isolates of the prymnesiophytes Chrysochromulina quadrikonta and C. camella with those of the ichthyotoxic species C. polylepis. J. Plankton Res. 16: 69-82.
77. Simon, N., J. Brenner, B. Edvardsen and L. Medlin. 1997. The identification of Chrysochromulina and Prymnesium species (Haptophyta, Prymnesiophyceae) using fluorescent or chemiluminescent oligonucleotide probes: a means for improving studies on toxic algae. Eur. J. Phycol. 32: 393-401.
78. Simonsen, S. and Ø. Moestrup. 1997. Toxicity tests in eight species of Chrysochromulina (Haptophyta). Can. J. Bot. 75: 129-136.
79. Smith, P.J. and L.A. Hobson. 1994. Temporal variation in the taxonomic composition of flagellated nanoplankton in a temperate fjord. J. Phycol. 30: 369-375.
80. Taylor, F.J.R. 1993. Current problems with harmful phytoplankton blooms in British Columbia waters. In: (T.J. Smayda and Y. Shimizu, eds) Toxic phytoplankton blooms in the sea. Elsevier Science Publishers, B.V., Amsterdam. pp. 699-703.
81. Thomsen, H.A. 1977. Chrysochmmulina pyramidosa sp. nov. (Prymnesiophyceae) from Danish coastal waters. Bot. Notiser 130: 147-153.
82. Thomsen, H.A. 1979. Chrysochmmulina cyathophora (Prymnesiophyceae), a new species from Danish coastal waters. Bot. Notiser 132: 71-76.
83. Thomsen, H.A. 1986. A survey of the smallest eucaryotic organisms of the marine phytoplankton. In: (T. Platt and W.K.W. Li, eds) Photosynthetic picoplankton. Can. Bull. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 214: 121-158.
84. Thomsen, H.A., K.R. Buck and F.P. Chavez. 1994. Haptophytes as components of marine phytoplankton. In: (J.C. Green and B.S.C. Leadbeater, eds) The haptophyte algae. Clarendon Press, Oxford. pp. 187-208.
85. Throndsen, J. 1978. Centrifugation. In: (A. Sournia, ed.) Phytoplankton manual. UNESCO, Paris. pp. 98-103.
86. Throndsen, J., J. Larsen and Ø. Moestrup. 1995. Toxic algae: toxicity of Chrysochmmulina with new ultrastructural information on C. polylepis. In: (W. Wiessner, E. Schnepf and R.C. Starr, eds) Algae, environment and human affairs. Biopress Ltd., Bristol. pp. 201-222.