Acts of Love (and Work): Gender Imbalance in Emotional Work and Women's Psychological Distress

Journal of Family Issues

Volumn 25, Issue 3, 2004, Pages 356-378

  Strazdins, Lyndall ^a,b   Broom, Dorothy H ^a  

^a AUSTRALIAN NATIONAL UNIVERSITY   (Australia)

^b The Australian National University   (Australia)

Author keywords

Division of labor; Emotional work; Gender differences; Psychological distress; Social relations

Indexed keywords

EID: 1842528976     PISSN: 0192513X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/0192513X03257413     Document Type: Review

References (48)

1. Aiken, L. S., & West, S. G. (1991). Multiple regression: Testing and interpreting interactions. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
2. Barbee, A. P., Cunningham, M. R., Winstead, B. A., Derlerga, V. J., Gulley, M. R., Yankeelov, P. A., & Druen, P. B. (1993). Effects of gender role expectations on the social support process. Journal of Social Issues, 49, 175-190.
3. Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1986). The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51, 1173-1182.
4. Baxter, J. (1994). Work at home. Brisbane: University of Queensland.
5. Baxter, J. (2000). The joys and justice of housework. Sociology, 34(4), 609-631.
6. Beach, S.R.H., Martin, J. K., Blum, T. C., & Roman, P. M. (1993). Effects of marital and coworker relationships on negative affect: Testing the central role of marriage. American Journal of Family Therapy, 21, 313-323.
7. Belsky, J., & Pensky, E. (1988). Marital change across the transition to parenthood. Marriage and Family Review, 12, 133-156.
8. Bird, C. E. (1999). Gender, household labor, and psychological distress: The impact of the amount and division of housework. Journal of Health and Social Behaviour, 40, 32-45.
9. Blood, R. O., & Wolfe, D. M. (1960). Husbands and wives. New York: The Free Press.
10. Bowlby, J. (1965). Child care and the growth of love (2nd ed.). Harmondworth, UK: Penguin.
11. Braiker, H. B., & Kelley, H. H. (1979). Conflict in the development of close relationships. In R. L. Burgess & T. L. Huston (Eds.), Social exchange in developing relationships (pp. 135-168). New York: Academic Press.
12. Braithwaite, V. (1990). Bound to care. Sydney: Allen & Unwin.
13. Brown, G. W., & Harris, T. (1978). The social origins of depression. London: Tavistock.
14. Burg, M. M., & Seeman, T. E. (1994). Families and health: The negative side of social ties. Annals of Behavioural Medicine, 16, 109-115.
15. Christensen, A., & Heavey, C. L. (1990). Gender and social structure in the demand/withdraw pattern of marital conflict. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 59, 73-81.
16. Clark, M. S., & Reis, H. T. (1988). Interpersonal processes in close relationships. Annual Review of Psychology, 39, 609-672.
17. Cohen, P. N. (1998). Replacing housework in the service economy: Gender, class, and race-ethnicity in service spending. Gender & Society, 12, 219-231.
18. Coltrane, S. (2000). Research on household labor: Modeling and measuring the social embeddedness of routine family work. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 62, 1208-1233.
19. Cowan, C. P., & Cowan, P. A. (1992). When partners become parents. New York: Basic Books.
20. Dressel, P. L., & Clark, A. (1990). A critical look at family care. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 52, 769-782.
21. Duncome, J., & Marsden, D. (1993). Love and intimacy: The gender division of emotion and "emotion work." A neglected aspect of sociological discussion of heterosexual relationships. Sociology, 27, 221-241.
22. Duncome, J., & Marsden, D. (1995). "Workaholics" and "whingeing women": Theorising intimacy and emotion work - the last frontier in gender inequality? Sociological Review, 43, 150-169.
23. England, P., & Farkas, G. (1986). Households, employment, and gender. New York: Aldine.
24. Erickson, R. J. (1993). Reconceptualising family work: The effect of emotion work on perceptions of marital quality. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 55, 888-900.
25. Fechner-Bates, S., Coyne, J. C., & Schwenk, T. L. (1994). The relationship of self-reported distress to depressive disorders and other psychopathology. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 62, 550-559.
26. Goodnow, J., & Bowes, J. M. (1994). Men, women and household work. Melbourne: Oxford University Press.
27. Hatfield, E., Cacioppo, J. T., & Rapson, R. L. (1994). Emotional contagion. New York: Cambridge University Press.
28. Hochschild, A. R. (1983). The managed heart. Berkeley: University of California.
29. Kellerman, J., & Katz, E. R. (1978). Attitudes towards the division of child-rearing responsibility. Sex Roles, 4, 505-513.
30. Kessler, R. C., & MCLeod, J. D. (1984). Sex differences in vulnerability to undesirable life events. American Sociological Review, 49, 620-631.
31. Maslach, C., & Schaufeli, W. B. (1993). Historical and conceptual development of burnout. In W. B. Schaufeli, C. Maslach, & T. Marel (Eds.), Professional burnout: Recent developments in theory and research (pp. 1-16). Washington: Taylor and Francis.
32. Mirowsky, J. (1996). Age and gender gap in depression. Journal of Health and Social Behaviour, 37, 362-380.
33. Nye, F. I., Bahr, S., Carlson, J. E., Gecas, V., MCLaughlin, S., & Slocum, W. L. (1976). Role structure and analysis of the family. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
34. Perry-Jenkins, M., & Folk, K. (1994). Class, couples, and conflict: Effects of the division of labor on assessments of marriage in dual-earner families. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 56(1), 165-180.
35. Pina, D. L., & Bengston, V. L. (1993). The division of household labour and wives' happiness: Ideology, employment and perceptions of support. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 55, 901-912.
36. Press, J., & Townsley, E. (1998). Wives' and husbands' housework reporting: Gender, class and social desirability. Gender & Society, 12(2), 188-218.
37. Radloff, L. S. (1977). The CES-D Scale: A self report depression scale for research in the general population. Applied Psychological Measurement, 1, 385-401.
38. Rubin, Z. (1973). Liking and loving: An invitation to social psychology. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston.
39. Simpson, J. A., Campbell, B., & Berscheid, E. (1986). The association between romantic love and marriage: Kephart 1967 twice revisited. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 12, 363-372.
40. Sternberg, R. J. (1988). Triangulating love. In R. J. Sternberg & M. L. Barnes (Eds.), The psychology of love (pp. 119-138). New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
41. Strazdins, L. (2000). Integrating emotions: Multiple role measurement of emotional work. Australian Journal of Psychology, 52, 41-50.
42. Strazdins, L. (2002). Emotional work and emotional contagion. In N. Askanasy, W. Zerbe, & C. Hartel (Eds.), Managing emotions in the workplace (pp. 232-250). New York: M.E. Sharpe.
43. Taylor, S. E., Repetti, R. L., & Seeman, T. (1997). Health psychology: What is an unhealthy environment and how does it get under the skin? Annual Review of Psychology, 48, 411-447.
44. Thompson, L. (1993). Conceptualising gender in marriage: The case of marital care. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 55, 557-569.
45. Wethington, E. (1999). Contagion of stress (Working Paper 99-18). Ithaca, NY: Bronfenbrenner Life Course Centre.
46. Wharton, A. S. (1999). The psychosocial consequences of emotional labor. Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 561, 158-176.
47. Williamson, G. M., & Clark, M. S. (1989). The communal/exchange distinction and some implications for understanding justice in families. Social Justice Research, 3, 77-103.
48. Zonderman, A. B., Herbst, J. H., Schmidt, C., Costa, P. T., & MCCrae, R. R. (1993). Depressive symptoms as a non-specific, graded risk for psychiatric diagnoses. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 102, 544-552.