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2 and CO atmosphere, respectively. X-ray diffraction experiments were performed on these forms by placing crystals in capillaries filled with the appropriate soaking media. The oxidation state and the ligand-binding state of the enzyme were confirmed by absorption spectra of these crystals taken under the same medium conditions. Azide form was prepared by soaking the crystals of fully oxidized form into the buffer containing azide and appropriate amount of PEG 4000 under aerobic conditions. Intensity data were collected with synchrotron radiation of 1.0 Å at the Photon Factory, Tsukuba, Japan, by means of a modified Weissenberg camera for macromolecules [N. Sakabe, J. Appl. Crystallogr. 16, 542 (1983)].
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Sakabe, N.1
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8
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2642610101
-
-
note
-
c), where F and α are the structure factor and phase angle, respectively, and suffixes o and c represent the observed and calculated value, respectively.
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9
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0030886203
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C. Ostermeier, A. Harrenga, U. Ermler, H. Michel, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 94, 10547 (1997).
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Ostermeier, C.1
Harrenga, A.2
Ermler, U.3
Michel, H.4
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10
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-
2642607684
-
-
note
-
3+, as follows: (Equation Presented)
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12
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0025908218
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M. A. Holmes, I. Le Trong, S. Turley, L. C. Sieker, R. E. Stenkamp, J. Mol. Biol. 218, 583 (1991).
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Holmes, M.A.1
Le Trong, I.2
Turley, S.3
Sieker, L.C.4
Stenkamp, R.E.5
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13
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-
0027178231
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-
Six electron equivalents are required for complete reduction of the fully oxidized form, which contains a bridging peroxide. The stoichiometry is inconsistent with the reported value, four equivalents [(1); G. C. M. Steffens, T. Soulimane, G. Wolfe, G. Buse, Eur. J. Biochem. 213, 1149 (1993)]. However, higher experimental accuracy for the redox titration is required for distinction between four and six electron equivalents. Furthermore, the molecular extinction coefficient of the absorption spectrum of the enzyme usually based on the iron content must be determined accurately for the stoichiometry determination. Contaminant irons that can be removed only by crystallization were found in the enzyme preparation. The fully oxidized form can be kept at 4°C in the crystalline state for 8 months or longer without any significant change in the absorption spectrum or the enzymatic activity. (S. Yoshikawa, unpublished data).
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Steffens, G.C.M.1
Soulimane, T.2
Wolfe, G.3
Buse, G.4
-
14
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-
2642704056
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-
note
-
The peroxo bridge in the above electron density map of the enzyme crystals at 8°C is also found in the crystal structure of the enzyme at liquid nitrogen temperature, at 2.4 A° resolution. Furthermore, no significant modification by x-ray irradiation under the present experimental conditions was detectable in the absorption spectrum and the enzymic activity of the enzyme in the crystalline state. These results indicate that the peroxide structure is not produced by x-ray irradiation. The negligible effect of x-ray exposure is likely caused by the short wavelength (1.0 Å) of the x-rays used here.
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15
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0013551582
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Q. H. Gibson, C. Greenwood, D. C. Wharton, G. Palmer, J. Biol. Chem. 240, 888 (1965).
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0019886907
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G. W. Brudwig, T. H. Stevens, R. Morse, S. I. Chan, Biochemistry 20, 3912 (1981).
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Brudwig, G.W.1
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19
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0012422458
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E. Antonini, M. Brunori, A. Colosimo, C. Greenwood, M. T. Wilson, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 74, 3128 (1977).
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Antonini, E.1
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Greenwood, C.4
Wilson, M.T.5
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24
-
-
0027368854
-
-
a3 atom in the fully oxidized state and the pyrrole nitrogen plane is 0.07 Ä. In contrast, the distances for deoxy and metmyoglobins are 0.3 and 0.09 Ä, respectively [M. L. Quillin, R. A. Arduini, J. S. Olson, G. N. Phillips Jr., J. Mol. Biol. 234, 140 (1993)].
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Quillin, M.L.1
Arduini, R.A.2
Olson, J.S.3
Phillips Jr., G.N.4
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26
-
-
2642677467
-
-
note
-
+ ion.
-
-
-
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27
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0032570822
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A. Kirichenko, T. V. Vygodina, H. M. Mkrtchyan, A. A. Konstantinov, FEBS Lett. 423, 329 (1998).
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Kirichenko, A.1
Vygodina, T.V.2
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Konstantinov, A.A.4
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28
-
-
2642670957
-
-
note
-
51.
-
-
-
-
30
-
-
2642672631
-
-
note
-
142, as described (4). However, we cannot exclude the possibility that the hydrogen bond network functions as a proton pumping site, because a conformational change, without any movement of peptide back bones, that forms a new hydrogen bond at the disconnected points may occur only within limited time, too short to be detected in the crystal structure.
-
-
-
-
31
-
-
2642643539
-
-
note
-
205 allows the fixed water to hold a proton.
-
-
-
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34
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0031559894
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S. Riistama et al., FEBS Lett. 414, 275 (1996); A. Puustinen et al., Biochemistry 36, 13195 (1997).
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Riistama, S.1
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S. Riistama et al., FEBS Lett. 414, 275 (1996); A. Puustinen et al., Biochemistry 36, 13195 (1997).
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Puustinen, A.1
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37
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0015222647
-
-
Calculated with program SURFACE of CCP4 package [B. Lee and F. M. Richards, J. Mol. Biol. 55, 379 (1971); A. Shrake and J. A. Rupley, ibid. 79, 351 (1973)].
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J. Mol. Biol.
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Lee, B.1
Richards, F.M.2
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38
-
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0015866154
-
-
Calculated with program SURFACE of CCP4 package [B. Lee and F. M. Richards, J. Mol. Biol. 55, 379 (1971); A. Shrake and J. A. Rupley, ibid. 79, 351 (1973)].
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J. Mol. Biol.
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Shrake, A.1
Rupley, J.A.2
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40
-
-
0022325950
-
-
1/2}, were calculated at each stage of the density modification to monitor progress of the refinement. After the refinement of the phases by the density modification, the respective free R factors of DM and correlation coefficients converged to 0.279 and 0.907 for the oxidized form, 0.266 and 0.906 for the reduced form, 0.279 and 0.905 for the CO form, and 0.271 and 0.879 for the azide form. Coordinates have been deposited in the Protein Data Bank.
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(1985)
Methods Enzymol.
, vol.115
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-
-
Wang, B.C.1
-
41
-
-
84945092441
-
-
1/2}, were calculated at each stage of the density modification to monitor progress of the refinement. After the refinement of the phases by the density modification, the respective free R factors of DM and correlation coefficients converged to 0.279 and 0.907 for the oxidized form, 0.266 and 0.906 for the reduced form, 0.279 and 0.905 for the CO form, and 0.271 and 0.879 for the azide form. Coordinates have been deposited in the Protein Data Bank.
-
(1990)
Acta Crystallogr.
, vol.A46
, pp. 377
-
-
Zhang, K.Y.J.1
Main, P.2
-
42
-
-
0015948244
-
-
1/2}, were calculated at each stage of the density modification to monitor progress of the refinement. After the refinement of the phases by the density modification, the respective free R factors of DM and correlation coefficients converged to 0.279 and 0.907 for the oxidized form, 0.266 and 0.906 for the reduced form, 0.279 and 0.905 for the CO form, and 0.271 and 0.879 for the azide form. Coordinates have been deposited in the Protein Data Bank.
-
(1974)
J. Mol. Biol.
, vol.82
, pp. 563
-
-
Buehner, M.1
-
43
-
-
0011016770
-
-
1/2}, were calculated at each stage of the density modification to monitor progress of the refinement. After the refinement of the phases by the density modification, the respective free R factors of DM and correlation coefficients converged to 0.279 and 0.907 for the oxidized form, 0.266 and 0.906 for the reduced form, 0.279 and 0.905 for the CO form, and 0.271 and 0.879 for the azide form. Coordinates have been deposited in the Protein Data Bank.
-
(1975)
Acta Crystallogr.
, vol.B32
, pp. 2975
-
-
Argos, P.1
-
48
-
-
2642638562
-
-
note
-
We thank N. Sakabe and N. Watanabe for data collection with the Weissenberg camera and synchrotron radiation. Supported in part by Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Priority Area (Molecular Science on the Specific Roles of Metal Ions in Biological Functions to S.Y.), and Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research (grant 40068119 to S.Y. and 06558102, 06276102, and 05244102 to T. Tsukihara) from the Ministry of Education and Culture of Japan, and Grant-in-Aid for "Research for the Future" Program from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS-RFTF96L00503 to T. Tsukihara). This research was done with the approval of the Photon Factory Advisory Committee, and the National Laboratory for High Energy Physics, Japan (Proposal 91-050 and 94G-041). T. Tsukihara and S.Y. are members of the TARA project of Tsukuba University and senior visiting scientists of RIKEN.
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