Impact of management intensity on non-vascular epiphyte diversity in cacao plantations in western Ecuador

Biodiversity and Conservation

Volumn 14, Issue 5, 2005, Pages 1101-1120

  Andersson, Meike S ^a   Gradstein, S Robbert ^b  

^a INTERNATIONAL CENTER FOR TROPICAL AGRICULTURE CIAT   (Colombia)

^b UNIVERSITY OF GÖTTINGEN   (Germany)

Author keywords

Biodiversity; Bryophytes; Cacao plantation; Ecuador; Epiphytes; Intermediate disturbance hypothesis (IDH); Lichens; Plantation management; Tropical rain forest

Indexed keywords

BIODIVERSITY; CONSERVATION MANAGEMENT; EPIPHYTE; INTERMEDIATE DISTURBANCE HYPOTHESIS; PLANTATION;

ECUADOR; SOUTH AMERICA; WESTERN HEMISPHERE; WORLD;

BRYOPHYTA; BRYOPHYTES; MARCHANTIOPHYTA; PICEA; SPRUCEANTHUS; SPRUCEANTHUS THEOBROMAE; THEOBROMA CACAO;

EID: 18144410982     PISSN: 09603115     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s10531-004-7840-5     Document Type: Article

References (68)

1. A. Acebey S.R. Gradstein T. Krömer 2003 Species richness and habitat diversification of bryophytes in submontane rain forest and fallows of Bolivia Journal of Tropical Ecology 19 9 18
2. J.W. Bates 1998 Is 'life-form' a useful concept in bryophyte ecology? Oikos 82 223 227
3. B. Beckage I.J. Stout 2000 Effects of repeated burning in a Florida pine savanna: a test of the intermediate disturbance hypothesis Journal of Vegetation Science 11 113 122
4. A. Brewer M. Williamson 1994 A new relationship for rarefaction Biodiversity and Conservation 3 373 379
5. W.R. Buck 1998 Pleurocarpous mosses of the West Indies Memoirs of the New York Botanical Garden 82 1 400
6. A. Buckling R. Kassen G. Bell P.B. Rainey 2000 Disturbance and diversity in experimental microcosms Nature 408 961 964
7. I. Canadas W. Estrada 1978 Ecuador Mapa Ecológico 1:1.000.000. PRONAREG (Programa Nacional de Regionalización Agraria) Ministerio de Agricultura y Ganaderia Quito, Ecuador
8. A. Chao 1987 Estimating the population size for capture-recapture data with unequal catchability Biometrics 43 783 791
9. P. Chesson N. Huntly 1997 The roles of harsh and fluctuating conditions in the dynamics of ecological communities American Naturalist 150 519 553
10. S.P. Churchill E.L. Linares 1995 Prodromus Bryologiae Novo Granatensis Biblioteca 'José Jerónimo Triana' 12 1 924
11. B.D. Coleman 1981 On random placement and species-area relations Mathematical Biosciences 54 191 215
12. S.L. Collins S.M. Glenn D.J. Gibson 1995 Experimental analysis of intermediate disturbance and initial floristic composition: decoupling cause and effect Ecology 76 486 492
13. Colwell R.K. 2000. EstimateS: Statistical Estimation of Species Richness and Shared Species from Samples (Software and User's Guide), Version 6. http://viceroy.eeb.uconn.edu/estimates. Accessed 20/11/2003.
14. J.H. Connell 1978 Diversity in tropical rain forests and coral reefs Science 199 1302 1309
15. J.H.C. Cornelissen S.R. Gradstein 1990 On the occurrence of bryophytes and macrolichens in different lowland rainforest types at Mabura Hill, Guyana Tropical Bryology 3 29 35
16. J.H.C. Cornelissen H. ter Steege 1989 Distribution and ecology of epiphytic bryophytes and lichens in dry evergreen forest of Guyana Journal of Tropical Ecology 5 131 150
17. C.H. Dodson A.H. Gentry 1991 Biological extinction in western Ecuador Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 78 273 295
18. A. Estrada R. Coates-Estrada D. Merritt Jr. 1993a Bat species richness and abundance in tropical rain forest fragments and in agricultural habitats at Los Tuxtlas, Mexico Ecography 16 309 318
19. A. Estrada R. Coates-Estrada D. Merritt Jr. S. Montiel D. Curiel 1993b Pattern of frugivore species richness and abundance in forest islands and in agricultural habitats at Los Tuxtlas, Mexico T.H. Fleming A. Estrada Frugivores and Seed Dispersal: Ecological and Evolutionary Aspects Kluwer Academic Publishers Dordrecht, The Netherlands 245 257
20. A. Estrada R. Coates-Estrada D. Merritt Jr. 1994 Non flying mammals and landscape changes in the tropical rain forest region of Los Tuxtlas, Mexico Ecography 17 229 241
21. A. Estrada R. Coates-Estrada D. Merritt Jr. 1997 Anthropogenic landscape changes and avian diversity at Los Tuxtlas, Mexico Biodiversity and Conservation 6 19 43
22. Food and Agriculture Organization 2001 The State of Food and Agriculture (SOFA) 2001 Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Rome, Italy.
23. R.L. Fowler R. Desrosiers H. Hopp 1956 Evaluation of certain factors affecting the yield of cacao in Ecuador Ecology 37 75 81
24. J. Fowler L. Cohen P. Jarvis 1998 Practical Statistics for Field Biology. 2nd edn. John Wiley & Sons Ltd. Chichester, UK
25. J.S. Glitzenstein D.R. Streng D.D. Wade 2003 Fire frequency effects on Longleaf pine (Pinus palustris P. Miller) vegetation in South Carolina and Northeast Florida, USA Natural Areas Journal 23 22 37
26. S.R. Gradstein 1992 Threatened bryophytes of the neotropical rain forest: a status report Tropical Bryology 6 83 94
27. S.R. Gradstein 1999 On the rediscovery of Spruceanthus theobromae (Lejeuneaceae, Hepaticae), an endangered species on cacao trees in western Ecuador Bryobrothera 5 81 86
28. S.R. Gradstein D. Montfoort J.H.C. Cornelissen 1990 Species richness and phytogeography of the bryophyte flora of the Guianas, with special reference to the lowland forest Tropical Bryology 2 117 126
29. S.R. Gradstein S.P. Churchill N. Salazar Allen 2001a Guide to the bryophytes of tropical America Memoirs of the New York Botanical Garden 86 1 577
30. S.R. Gradstein D. Griffin M.I. Morales N. Nadkarni 2001b Diversity and habitat differentiation of mosses and liverworts in the cloud forest of Monteverde, Costa Rica Caldasia 23 203 212
31. Greenberg R. 1998. Biodiversity in the cacao agroecosystem: shade management and landscape considerations. Manuscript of the 'First Sustainable Workshop on Sustainable Cacao Growing', Panama City, Panama. 30.03-02.04.1998 (on-line), http://nationalzoo.si.edu/conservationandscience/migratorybirds/ research/cacao/greenberg.cfm. Accessed 20/11/2003
32. P. Greig-Smith 1964 Quantitative Plant Ecology 2nd edn Butterworths London
33. G. Harling 1979 The vegetation types of Ecuador: a brief survey K. Larsen L.B. Holm-Nielsen Tropical Botany Academic Press London 165 174
34. D.L. Hawksworth P.M. Kirk B.C. Sutton D.N. Pegler 1995 Ainsworth & Bisby's Dictionary of the Fungi 8th edn CAB International Wallingford, UK
35. M.A. Huston 1994 Biological Diversity: The Coexistence of Species on Changing Landscapes Cambridge University Press Cambridge, UK
36. H. Ikeda 2003 Testing the intermediate disturbance hypothesis on species diversity in herbaceous plant communities along a human trampling gradient using a 4-year experiment in an old-field Ecological Research 18 185 197
37. T. Kautz S.R. Gradstein 2001 On the ecology and conservation of Spruceanthus theobromae (Lejeuneaceae, Hepaticae) from western Ecuador The Bryologist 104 607 612
38. M. Kondoh 2001 Unifying the relationships of species richness to productivity and disturbance Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, Series B - Biological Sciences 268 269 271
39. H. Kürschner W. Frey G. Parolly 1999 Patterns and adaptive trends of life-forms, life strategies and ecomorphological structures in tropical epiphyte bryophytes - a pantropical synopsis Nova Hedwigia 69 73 99
40. W. Lauer W. Erlenbach 1987 Die tropischen Anden Geographische Rundschau 39 86 95
41. D. Leston 1970 Entomology of the cacao farm Annual Review of Entomology 15 273 294
42. R.L. Mackey D.J. Currie 2000 A re-examination of the expected effects of disturbance on diversity Oikos 88 483 493
43. R.L. Mackey D.J. Currie 2001 The diversity - disturbance relationship: is it generally strong and peaked? Ecology 82 3479 3492
44. D. Montfoort R.C. Ek 1990 Vertical distribution and ecology of epiphytic bryophytes and lichens in a lowland rain forest in French Guiana. Thesis Institute of Systematic Botany UtrechtThe Netherlands
45. Parrish J., Reitsma R. and Greenberg R. 1998. Cacao as crop and conservation tool: lessons from the Talamanca region of Costa Rica. Manuscript of the 'First Sustainable Workshop on Sustainable Cacao Growing', Panama City, Panama; 30.03-02.04.1998 (on-line), http://nationalzoo.si.edu/ ConservationAndScience/MigratoryBirds/Research/Cacao/parrish.cfm. Accessed 20/11/2003.
46. P.S. Petraitis R.E. Latham R.A. Niesenbaum 1989 The maintenance of species diversity by disturbance The Quarterly Review of Biology 64 393 418
47. Power A.G. and Flecker A.S. 1998. Agroecosystems and biodiversity. Manuscript of the 'First Sustainable Workshop on Sustainable Cacao Growing', Panama City, Panama; 30.03-02.04.1998 (on-line), http://nationalzoo.si.edu/ ConservationAndScience/MigratoryBirds/Research/Cacao/power.cfm. Accessed 20/11/2003.
48. R. Reitsma J.D. Parrish W. McLarney 2001 The role of cacao plantations in maintaining forest avian diversity in southeastern Costa Rica Agroforestry Systems 53 185 193
49. C.S. Reynolds J. Padisak U. Summer 1993 Intermediate disturbance in the ecology of phytoplankton and the maintenance of species diversity: a synthesis Hydrobiologia 249 183 188
50. R.A. Rice R. Greenberg 2000 Cacao cultivation and the conservation of biological diversity Ambio 29 167 173
51. P.W. Richards 1954 Notes on the bryophyte communities of lowland tropical rain forestwith special reference to Morabelli Creek, British Guiana Vegetatio 5-6 319 328
52. P.W. Richards 1984 The ecology of tropical forest bryophytes R.M. Schuster New Manual of Bryology, Vol. 2. Hattori Botanical Laboratory, Nichinan Miyazaki, Japan 1233 1270
53. C.S. Robbins B.A. Dowell D.K. Dawson J.A. Colón R. Estrada A. Sutton 1992 Comparison of neotropical migrant landbird populations wintering in tropical forestisolated fragments, and agricultural habitats J.M. Hagan D.W. Johnston Ecology and Conservation of Neotropical Migrant Landbirds Smithsonian Institution Press Washington, DC 207 220
54. P.M. Room 1971 The relative abundance of ant species in Ghana's cocoa farms Journal of Animal Ecology 40 735 751
55. P.M. Room 1975 Diversity and organization of the ground foraging ant faunas of forest grassland and tree crops in Papua New Guinea Australian Journal of Zoology 23 71 89
56. A.J. Sharp H. Crum P.M. Eckel 1994 The moss flora of Mexico Memoirs of the New York Botanical Garden 69 1 1113
57. Sipman H.J.M. 2001. Identification key and literature guide to the genera of Lichenized Fungi (Lichens) in the Neotropics (on-line), http: //www.bgbm.org/BGBM/STAFF/Wiss/Sipman/keys/neokeyA.htm. Accessed 20=11=2003.
58. H.J.M. Sipman R.C. Harris 1989 Lichens H. Lieth M.J.A. Werger Tropical Rain Forest Ecosystems Elsevier Science Publishers AmsterdamThe Netherlands 303 389
59. R. Southwood P.A. Henderson 2000 Ecological Methods. 3rd edn. Blackwell Science Oxford, UK
60. SPSS 2000 SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) for Windows, Version 10.0 SPSS Inc. ChicagoIllinois
61. C. Suárez 1993 Enfermedades del cacao y su control INIAP (ed) Manual del Cultivo de Cacao. 2a edn. Estación Experimental 'Pichilingue', Manual No. 25 Quevedo Ecuador 90 107
62. A.J. Underwood 1999 Physical disturbances and their direct effect on an indirect effect: responses of an intertidal assemblage to a severe storm Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 232 125 140
63. R. Valencia N. Pitman S.D. León-Yánez P.M. Jörgensen 2000 Libro rojo de las plantas endémicas del Ecuador 2000 Herbario QCA Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador QuitoEcuador
64. H.J.F. van Dunné J. Wolf 2001 Development of epiphytic bryophyte and lichen vegetation in plantation of coffee trees H.J.F. van Dunné Establishment and Development of Epiphytes in Secondary Neotropical Forests. Dissertation University of Amsterdam The Netherlands 95 111
65. J. Vera Barahona 1993 Zonificación y ecología del cultivo INIAP (ed) Manual del Cultivo de Cacao. 2a edn. Estación Experimental 'Pichilingue', Manual No. 25 Quevedo Ecuador 17 24
66. J.H.D. Wolf 1993 Ecology of Epiphyte Communities in Montane Rain Forests, Colombia. Dissertation University of Amsterdam The Netherlands
67. J.T. Wootton 1998 Effects of disturbance on species diversity: a multitrophic perspective American Naturalist 152 803 825
68. A.M. Young 1994 The Chocolate Tree: A Natural History of Cacao Smithsonian Institution Press Washington, DC.