Effects of disturbance on species diversity: A multitrophic perspective

American Naturalist

Volumn 152, Issue 6, 1998, Pages 803-825

  Wootton, J Timothy ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO   (United States)

Author keywords

Competition; Food webs; Nonequilibrium; Spatial structure; Species coexistence; Stress

Indexed keywords

ECOLOGICAL MODELING; ENVIRONMENTAL DISTURBANCE; SPECIES DIVERSITY; TROPHIC INTERACTION;

INVERTEBRATA;

EID: 0031772077     PISSN: 00030147     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1086/286210     Document Type: Article

References (79)

1. Andewartha, H. G., and L. C. Birch. 1954. The distribution and abundance of animals. University of Chicago Press, Chicago.
2. Armstrong, R. A., and R. McGehee. 1976. Coexistence of species competing for shared resources. Theoretical Population Biology 9:317-328.
3. _. 1980. Competitive exclusion. American Naturalist 115:151-170.
4. Carpenter, S. R., J. F. Kitchell, and J. R. Hodgson. 1985. Cascading trophic interactions and lake productivity. BioScience 35:634-639.
5. Chesson, P. L. 1990. Geometry, heterogeneity and competition in variable environments. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B, Biological Sciences 330:165-173.
6. Chesson, P. L., and T. J. Case. 1986. Overview: nonequilibrium community theories: chance, variability, history, and coexistence. Pages 229-239 in J. Diamond and T. J. Case, eds. Community ecology. Harper & Row, New York.
7. Chesson, P., and N. Huntley. 1997. The roles of harsh and fluctuating conditions in the dynamics of ecological communities. American Naturalist 150:519-553.
8. Cody, M. L. 1974. Competition and the structure of bird communities. Princeton University Press, Princeton, N.J.
9. Connell, J. H. 1978. Diversity in tropical rainforests and coral reefs. Science (Washington, D.C.) 199:1302-1310.
10. Davidson, D. W., R. S. Inouye, and J. H. Brown. 1984. Granivory in a desert ecosystem: experimental evidence for indirect facilitation of ants by rodents. Ecology 65:1780-1786.
11. Dayton, P. K. 1971. Competition, disturbance and community organization: the provision and subsequent utilization of space in a rocky intertidal community. Ecological Monographs 41:351-389.
12. DeAngelis, D. L., and J. C. Waterhouse. 1987. Equilibrium and nonequilibrium concepts in ecological models. Ecological Monographs 57:1-21.
13. Death, R. G., and M. J. Winterbourn. 1995. Diversity patterns in stream benthic invertebrate communities: the influence of habitat stability. Ecology 76:1446-1460.
14. Denslow, J. S. 1985. Disturbance-mediated coexistence of species. Pages 307-324 in S. T. A. Pickett and P. S. White, eds. The ecology of natural disturbance and patch dynamics. Academic Press, New York.
15. Dethier, M. N. 1984. Disturbance and recovery in intertidal pools: maintenance of mosaic patterns. Ecological Monographs 54:99-118.
16. Dethier, M. N., and D. O. Duggins. 1984. An "indirect commensalism" between marine herbivores and the importance of competitive hierarchies. American Naturalist 124:205-219.
17. Diamond, J. M. 1975. Assembly of species communities. Pages 191-245 in M. L. Cody and J. M. Diamond, eds. Ecology and evolution of communities. Belknap, Cambridge, Mass.
18. Doeg, T. J., P. S. Lake, and R. Marchant. 1989. Colonization of experimentally disturbed patches by stream macroinvertebrates in the Acheron River, Victoria. Australian Journal of Ecology 14:207-220.
19. Frid, C. L. J., and C. R. Townsend. 1989. An appraisal of the patch dynamics concept in stream and marine benthic communities whose members are highly mobile. Oikos 56:137-141.
20. Goldwasser, L., J. Cook, and E. D. Silverman. 1994. The effects of variability on metapopulation dynamics and rates of invasion. Ecology 75:40-47.
21. Harger, J. R. E., and D. E. Landenberger. 1971. The effects of storms as a density dependent mortality factor on populations of sea mussels. Veliger 14:195-201.
22. Hemphill, N., and S. D. Cooper. 1983. The effect of physical disturbance on the relative abundances of two filter-feeding insects in a small stream. Oecologia (Berlin) 77:73-80.
23. Holt, R. D. 1977. Predation, apparent competition and the structure of prey communities. Theoretical Population Biology 12:197-229.
24. Horn, H. S. 1975. Markovian properties of forest succession. Pages 196-211 in M. L. Cody and J. M. Diamond, eds. Ecology and evolution of communities. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Mass.
25. Huffaker, C. B. 1958. Experimental studies on predation: dispersion factors and predator-prey oscillations. Hilgardia 27:343-383.
26. Huston, M. 1979. A general hypothesis of species diversity. American Naturalist 113:81-101.
27. Ives, A. R. 1991. Aggregation and coexistence in a carrion fly community. Ecological Monographs 61:75-94.
28. Keeley, S., J. E. Keeley, S. M. Hutchinson, and A. W. Johnson. 1981. Post-fire succession of herbaceous flora in southern California chaparral. Ecology 62:1608-1621.
29. Lake, P. S. 1990. Disturbing hard and soft bottom communities: a comparison of marine and fresh-water environments. Australian Journal of Ecology 15:477-488.
30. Lake, P. S., T. J. Doeg, and R. Marchant 1989. Effects of multiple disturbance on macroinvertebrate communities in the Acheron River, Victoria. Australian Journal of Ecology 14:507-514.
31. Leibold, M. A. 1996. A graphical model of keystone predators in food webs: trophic regulation of abundance, incidence, and diversity patterns in communities. American Naturalist 147:784-812.
32. Levin, S. A. 1976. Population dynamic models in heterogeneous environments. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 7:287-310.
33. _. 1992. The problem of pattern and scale in ecology. Ecology 73:1943-1967.
34. Levins, R. 1969. Some genetic and demographic consequences of environmental heterogeneity for biological control. Bulletin of the Entomological Society of America 15:237-240.
35. _. 1979. Coexistence in a variable environment. American Naturalist 114:765-783.
36. Lubchenco, J. 1978. Plant species diversity in a marine intertidal community: importance of herbivore food preference and algal competitive abilities. American Naturalist 112:23-39.
37. MacArthur, R. H. 1972. Geographical ecology. Harper & Row, New York.
38. MacArthur, R. H., and R. Levins. 1964. Competition, habitat selection and character displacement. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA 51:1207-1210.
39. MacArthur, R. H., and E. O. Wilson. 1967. The theory of island biogeography. Princeton University Press, Princeton, N.J.
40. McAuliffe, J. R. 1984. Competition for space, disturbance, and the structure of a benthic stream community. Ecology 65:894-908.
41. McLaughlin, J. F., and J. Roughgarden. 1993. Species interactions in space. Pages 89-98 in R. E. Ricklefs and D. Schluter, eds. Species diversity in ecological communities: historical and geographical perspectives. University of Chicago Press, Chicago.
42. Menge, B. A. 1995. Indirect effects in marine rocky intertidal interaction webs: patterns and importance. Ecological Monographs 65:21-74.
43. Menge, B. A., and J. P. Sutherland. 1976. Species diversity gradients: synthesis of the roles of predation, competition and temporal heterogeneity. American Naturalist 110:351-369.
44. _. 1987. Community regulation: variation in disturbance, competition, and predation in relation to environmental stress and recruitment. American Naturalist 130:730-757.
45. Paine, R. T. 1966. Food web complexity and species diversity. American Naturalist 100:65-75.
46. _. 1980. Food webs: linkage, interaction strength, and community infrastructure. Journal of Animal Ecology 49:667-685.
47. Paine, R. T., and S. A. Levin. 1981. Intertidal landscapes: disturbance and the dynamics of pattern. Ecological Monographs 51:145-178.
48. Paine, R. T., and R. L. Vadas. 1969. The effects of grazing by sea urchins, Strongylocentrotus spp., on benthic algal populations. Limnology and Oceanography 14:710-719.
49. Petraitis, P. S., R. E. Latham, and R. A. Niesenbaum. 1989. The maintenance of species diversity by disturbance. Quarterly Review of Biology 64:393-418.
50. Pickett, S. T. A., and P. S. White. 1985. The ecology of natural disturbance and patch dynamics. Academic Press, New York.
51. Platt, W. J. 1975. The colonization and formation of equilibrium plant species associations on badger disturbances in a tall-grass prairie. Ecological Monographs 45:285-305.
52. Power, M. E. 1990. Effects of fish in river food webs. Science (Washington, D.C.) 250:811-814.
53. Puccia, C. J., and R. Levins. 1985. Qualitative modeling of complex systems. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Mass.
54. Reice, S. R. 1984. The impact of disturbance frequency on the structure of a lotic riffle community. Internationale Vereinigug für Theoretische und Angewandte Limnologie, Verhandlungen 22:1906-1910.
55. _. 1985. Experimental disturbance and the maintenance of species diversity in a stream community. Oecologia (Berlin) 67:90-97.
56. Resh, V. H., A. V. Brown, A. P. Covich, M. E. Gurtz, H. W. Li, G. W. Minshall, S. R. Reice, A. L. Sheldon, J. B. Wallace, and R. C. Wissmar. 1988. The role of disturbance in stream ecology. Journal of the North American Benthological Society 7:433-455.
57. Robinson, C. T., and G. W. Minshall. 1986. Effects of disturbance frequency on stream benthic community structure in relation to canopy cover and season. Journal of the North American Benthological Society 5:237-248.
58. Rosenzweig, M. L., and R. H. MacArthur. 1963. Graphical representation and stability conditions of predator-prey interactions. American Naturalist 97:209-223.
59. Schmitt, R. J. 1987. Indirect interactions between prey: apparent competition, predator aggregation, and habitat segregation. Ecology 68:1887-1897.
60. Schoener, T. W. 1973. Population growth regulated by interspecific competition for energy or time: some simple representations. Theoretical Population Biology 4:56-84.
61. _. 1974. Resource partitioning in ecological communities. Science (Washington, D.C.) 185:27-39.
62. _. 1993. On the relative importance of direct versus indirect effects in ecological communities. Pages 365-415 in H. Kawanabe, J. E. Cohen, and K. Iwasaki, eds. Mutualism and Community Organization. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
63. Shugart, H. H., and D. C. West. 1981. Long-term dynamics of forest ecosystems. American Scientist 69:647-652.
64. Sih, A., P. Crowley, M. McPeek, J. Petranka, and K. Strohmeier. 1985. Predation, competition and prey communities: a review of field experiments. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 16:269-311.
65. Sousa, W. P. 1979. Disturbance in marine intertidal boulder fields: the nonequilibrium maintenance of species diversity. Ecology 60:1225-1239.
66. _. 1984. The role of disturbance in natural communities. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 15:353-391.
67. Sprugel, D. G., and F. H. Bormann. 1981. Natural disturbance and the steady state in high-altitude balsam fir forests. Science (Washington, D.C.) 211:390-393.
68. Thorp, J. H., and E. A. Bergey. 1981. Field experiments on responses of a freshwater, benthic macroinvertebrate community to vertebrate predators. Ecology 62:365-375.
69. Tilman, D. 1982. Resource competition and community structure. Princeton University Press, Princeton, N.J.
70. _. 1994. Competition and biodiversity in spatially structured habitats. Ecology 75:2-16.
71. Townsend, C. R. 1989. The patch dynamics concept of stream community ecology. Journal of the North American Benthological Society 8:36-50.
72. Vandermeer, J. 1980. Indirect mutualism: variations on a theme by Stephen Levine. American Naturalist 116:441-448.
73. Watt, A. S. 1947. Pattern and process in the plant community. Journal of Ecology 35:1-22.
74. Wootton, J. T. 1992. Indirect effects, prey susceptibility, and habitat selection: impacts of birds on limpets and algae. Ecology 73:981-991.
75. _. 1993. Size-dependent competition: effects on the dynamics versus the endpoint of mussel bed succession. Ecology 74:195-206.
76. _. 1994a. The nature and consequences of indirect effects in ecological communities. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 25:443-466.
77. _. 1994b. Predicting direct and indirect effects: an integrated approach using experiments and path analysis. Ecology 75:151-165.
78. Wootton, J. T., and M. E. Power. 1993. Productivity, consumers and the structure of a river food chain. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA 90:1384-1387.
79. Wootton, J. T., M. S. Parker, and M. E. Power. 1996. Disturbance and the structure of river food webs. Science (Washington, D.C.) 273:1558-1561.