The operation of lifeleasehold in south-west Lancashire, 1649-97

Agricultural History Review

Volumn 53, Issue 1, 2005, Pages 1-23

  Gritt, A J ^a  

^a NONE

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EID: 17844382708     PISSN: 00021490     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
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References (78)

1. David R. Stead, 'The mobility of English tenant farmers, c. 1700-1850', AgHR 51 (2003), pp. 173-89; C. Clay, 'Landlords and estate management in England', in J. Thirsk (ed.), The agrarian history of England and Wales, V (ii), 1640-1750 (1985), pp. 119-245.
2. David R. Stead, 'The mobility of English tenant farmers, c. 1700-1850', AgHR 51 (2003), pp. 173-89; C. Clay, 'Landlords and estate management in England', in J. Thirsk (ed.), The agrarian history of England and Wales, V (ii), 1640-1750 (1985), pp. 119-245.
3. Susanna Wade Martins and Tom Williamson, 'The development of the lease and its role in agricultural improvement in East Anglia, 1660-1870', AgHR 46 (1998), pp. 127-41; C. E. Searle, 'Customary tenants and the enclosure of the Cumbrian commons', Northern Hist., 29 (1993), pp. 126-53.
4. Susanna Wade Martins and Tom Williamson, 'The development of the lease and its role in agricultural improvement in East Anglia, 1660-1870', AgHR 46 (1998), pp. 127-41; C. E. Searle, 'Customary tenants and the enclosure of the Cumbrian commons', Northern Hist., 29 (1993), pp. 126-53.
5. R. Brenner, 'Agrarian class structure and economic development in pre-industrial Europe' in T. H. Aston and C. H. E. Philpin (eds), The Brenner debate (1985), pp. 10-63.
6. R. C. Allen, Enclosure and the yeoman: the agricultural development of the south Midlands, 1450-1850 (1992).
7. J. M. Gratton, 'The military career of Richard, Lord Molyneux, c. 1623-54', Trans. of the Historic Society of Lancashire and Cheshire (hereafter THSLC) 134 (1984), pp. 17-37; R. Hutton, 'The failure of the Lancashire cavaliers', THSLC 129 (1980), pp. 47-62; DDCl 1060, account of trials of Caryll, Lord Molyneux, 1694; William Blundell, A Cavalier's Notebook (1880); William Blundell, Cavalier: letters of William Blundell to his friends, 1620-1698 (1933).
8. J. M. Gratton, 'The military career of Richard, Lord Molyneux, c. 1623-54', Trans. of the Historic Society of Lancashire and Cheshire (hereafter THSLC) 134 (1984), pp. 17-37; R. Hutton, 'The failure of the Lancashire cavaliers', THSLC 129 (1980), pp. 47-62; DDCl 1060, account of trials of Caryll, Lord Molyneux, 1694; William Blundell, A Cavalier's Notebook (1880); William Blundell, Cavalier: letters of William Blundell to his friends, 1620-1698 (1933).
9. J. M. Gratton, 'The military career of Richard, Lord Molyneux, c. 1623-54', Trans. of the Historic Society of Lancashire and Cheshire (hereafter THSLC) 134 (1984), pp. 17-37; R. Hutton, 'The failure of the Lancashire cavaliers', THSLC 129 (1980), pp. 47-62; DDCl 1060, account of trials of Caryll, Lord Molyneux, 1694; William Blundell, A Cavalier's Notebook (1880); William Blundell, Cavalier: letters of William Blundell to his friends, 1620-1698 (1933).
10. J. M. Gratton, 'The military career of Richard, Lord Molyneux, c. 1623-54', Trans. of the Historic Society of Lancashire and Cheshire (hereafter THSLC) 134 (1984), pp. 17-37; R. Hutton, 'The failure of the Lancashire cavaliers', THSLC 129 (1980), pp. 47-62; DDCl 1060, account of trials of Caryll, Lord Molyneux, 1694; William Blundell, A Cavalier's Notebook (1880); William Blundell, Cavalier: letters of William Blundell to his friends, 1620-1698 (1933).
11. Alison Maddock, 'Watercourse management and flood prevention in the Alt level, Lancashire, 1589-1779', THSLC 148 (1999), pp. 59-95;
12. John Virgoe, 'Thomas Fleetwood and the draining of Martin Mere', THSLC 152 (2003), pp. 27-49.
13. Late seveteenth-century demographic trends remain largely unexplored. This assessment is based on the Altcar parish registers, 1664-1809 (PR 2465-7); Revd W. Warburton, 'Notes on Altcar parish', THSLC 47 (1896), pp. 157-207; F. Taylor (ed.), The parish registers of Aughton, 1541-1764 (Lancashire Parish Register Soc., 81, 1942).
14. Late seveteenth-century demographic trends remain largely unexplored. This assessment is based on the Altcar parish registers, 1664-1809 (PR 2465-7); Revd W. Warburton, 'Notes on Altcar parish', THSLC 47 (1896), pp. 157-207; F. Taylor (ed.), The parish registers of Aughton, 1541-1764 (Lancashire Parish Register Soc., 81, 1942).
15. DDM 3, appointments and royal grants; DDCl 1060.
16. Clay, 'Estate management'; id., 'Lifeleasehold in the western counties of England, 1650-1750', AgHR 29 (1981), p. 84.
17. Clay, 'Estate management'; id., 'Lifeleasehold in the western counties of England, 1650-1750', AgHR 29 (1981), p. 84.
18. See T. W. Fletcher, 'The agrarian revolution in arable Lancashire', THSLC 122 (1962), pp. 93-122; Gritt, 'Aspects of agrarian change', M. Winstanley, 'Agricultural and industrial revolutions: reassessing the role of the small farm', in C. Bjorn (ed.), The agricultural revolution reconsidered (1998), pp. 89-110.
19. See T. W. Fletcher, 'The agrarian revolution in arable Lancashire', THSLC 122 (1962), pp. 93-122; Gritt, 'Aspects of agrarian change', M. Winstanley, 'Agricultural and industrial revolutions: reassessing the role of the small farm', in C. Bjorn (ed.), The agricultural revolution reconsidered (1998), pp. 89-110.
20. See T. W. Fletcher, 'The agrarian revolution in arable Lancashire', THSLC 122 (1962), pp. 93-122; Gritt, 'Aspects of agrarian change', M. Winstanley, 'Agricultural and industrial revolutions: reassessing the role of the small farm', in C. Bjorn (ed.), The agricultural revolution reconsidered (1998), pp. 89-110.
21. DDM 5/1-5 Molyneux estate contract books, 1649-97. The Molyneux estate in Sussex is not covered by these volumes.
22. DDBl 54/41 Blundell tenants' book, 1659-1728, transcribed by Mr David Lodge. I am grateful to the trustees of the Mark Fitch fund for a grant towards the research on this volume.
23. Clay, 'Lifeleasehold', p. 83.
24. See Gritt, 'Aspects of agrarian change', ch. 4.
25. H. R. French and R. W. Hoyle, 'The land market of a Pennine manor: Slaidburn, 1650-1780', Continuity and Change, 14 (1999), pp. 349-83; J. T. Swain, Industry before the industrial revolution. North-east Lancashire, c. 1500-1640 (1986), p. 70; G. H. Tupling, An economic history of Rossendale (1927), pp. 72-3.
26. H. R. French and R. W. Hoyle, 'The land market of a Pennine manor: Slaidburn, 1650-1780', Continuity and Change, 14 (1999), pp. 349-83; J. T. Swain, Industry before the industrial revolution. North-east Lancashire, c. 1500-1640 (1986), p. 70; G. H. Tupling, An economic history of Rossendale (1927), pp. 72-3.
27. H. R. French and R. W. Hoyle, 'The land market of a Pennine manor: Slaidburn, 1650-1780', Continuity and Change, 14 (1999), pp. 349-83; J. T. Swain, Industry before the industrial revolution. North-east Lancashire, c. 1500-1640 (1986), p. 70; G. H. Tupling, An economic history of Rossendale (1927), pp. 72-3.
28. DDBl 54/41-2; Clay, 'Lifeleasehold', pp. 82-3.
29. Clay, 'Lifeleasehold'.
30. See A. J. Gritt and J. M. Virgoe (eds), The memoranda books of Basil Thomas Eccleston, 1757-1789 (Record Society of Lancashire and Cheshire, 139, 2004).
31. DDHe 82/8.
32. DDM 12/54-121.
33. DDM 10/2.
34. DDM 14/9.
35. DDBl 54/42.
36. DDHe 77/36a, Thomas Dalyrmple Hesketh, Leamington, to John Welsby, Ormskirk, 22 July 1833. Emphasis in original.
37. B. Todd, 'Freebench and free enterprise: widows and their property in two Berkshire villages' in J. Chartres and D. Hey (eds), English rural society, 1500-1800 (1990), pp. 175-200; B. Holderness, 'Widows in pre-industrial society: an essay upon their economic functions' in R. M. Smith (ed.), Land, kinship and life-cycle (1984), pp. 431-5. Clay, 'Lifeleasehold', p. 93.
38. B. Todd, 'Freebench and free enterprise: widows and their property in two Berkshire villages' in J. Chartres and D. Hey (eds), English rural society, 1500-1800 (1990), pp. 175-200; B. Holderness, 'Widows in pre-industrial society: an essay upon their economic functions' in R. M. Smith (ed.), Land, kinship and life-cycle (1984), pp. 431-5. Clay, 'Lifeleasehold', p. 93.
39. B. Todd, 'Freebench and free enterprise: widows and their property in two Berkshire villages' in J. Chartres and D. Hey (eds), English rural society, 1500-1800 (1990), pp. 175-200; B. Holderness, 'Widows in pre-industrial society: an essay upon their economic functions' in R. M. Smith (ed.), Land, kinship and life-cycle (1984), pp. 431-5. Clay, 'Lifeleasehold', p. 93.
40. J. V. Beckett, 'Landownership and estate management', in G. E. Mingay (ed.), The agrarian history of England and Wales, VI, 1750-1850 (1989), p. 611.
41. A. J. Gritt, 'Marriage, business and family fortunes: the Goores and Balshaws of Altcar, Lancashire, during the agricultural revolution', unpub. paper, 2003.
42. DDBl 54/41-2, DDM 5/1-5; DDCl 377, Rules for leasing and abstract of surveys, 1749; See also Gritt, 'Aspects of agrarian change', ch. 4.
43. L. Weatherill (ed.), The account book of Richard Latham, 1724-1767 (British Academy Records of social and economic history, 15, 1990), passim.
44. Clay, 'Estate management', pp. 203-4.
45. DDM 5/1-5; Clay, 'Lifeleasehold', pp. 87-8; E. Hopkins, 'The re-leasing of the Ellesmere estates, 1637-1642', AgHR 10 (1962), pp. 14-28.
46. DDM 5/1-5; Clay, 'Lifeleasehold', pp. 87-8; E. Hopkins, 'The re-leasing of the Ellesmere estates, 1637-1642', AgHR 10 (1962), pp. 14-28.
47. DDBl 54/41.
48. DDK 1624/1.
49. DDF 2438/118, Earl of Derby, Knowsley, to Mr Farington, 15 Oct. 1637. See also B. Coward, 'A "crisis of the aristocracy" in the sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries? The case of the Stanleys, Earls of Derby, 1504-1642', Northern Hist. 18 (1982), p. 71.
50. DDM 14/1, John Hodgson to Mr John Farnworth, Lancaster, 27 Nov. 1681.
51. DDBl 54/41.
52. The following discussion is based on the tenants' books, DDBl 54/41-2.
53. Hopkins, 'Ellesmere estates'.
54. DDM 5/1-5.
55. See Gritt, 'Aspects of agrarian change', ch. 5.
56. B. G. Blackwood, 'Plebeian Catholics in later Stuart Lancashire', Northern Hist. 25 (1989), p. 158.
57. The following examples are again taken from the tenants's books, DDBl 54/41.
58. That is, those townships on the Molyneux estate with more than 20 individual contracts in the period 1649-97.
59. The proportion of 'strangers' was higher on the Molyneux estate that on other Royalist estates in the same period. The leases of six other Royalist estates from the period 1632-57 show that 15 leases were issued to 'strangers' and 57 were issued to old tenants or relatives. B. G. Blackwood, 'The Lancashire cavaliers and their tenants', THSLC 117 (1966), p. 20.
60. Clay, 'Lifeleasehold', pp. 83, 84.
61. DDBl 54/41.
62. J. Stobart, 'Regional structure and the urban system: north-west England, 1700-1760', THSLC 145 (1996), pp. 45-73.
63. B. L. Anderson, 'The attorney and the early capital market in Lancashire' in J. R. Harris (ed.), Liverpool and Merseyside (1969), pp. 50-77;
64. A. J. Gritt, 'Plumbe, John (bap. 1670, d. 1763)', Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (2004).
65. M. Miles, 'The money market in the early industrial revolution: the evidence from West Riding attorneys, c. 1750-1850', Business Hist., 23 (1981), pp. 127-45; B. A. Holderness, 'Credit in English rural society before the nineteenth century, with special reference to the period 1605-1720', AgHR 24 (1976), pp. 97-110. It has also been argued that 'the growth of both the government and the economy [between the late seventeenth and late eighteenth centuries] was intimately connected to borrowing'. J. Hoppit, 'Attitudes to credit in Britain, 1680-1790', Historical J. 33 (1990), pp. 305-22. See also R. G. Wilson, 'Merchants and land: the Ibbetsons of Leeds and Denton, 1650-1850', Northern Hist., 24 (1988), pp. 75-100.
66. M. Miles, 'The money market in the early industrial revolution: the evidence from West Riding attorneys, c. 1750-1850', Business Hist., 23 (1981), pp. 127-45; B. A. Holderness, 'Credit in English rural society before the nineteenth century, with special reference to the period 1605-1720', AgHR 24 (1976), pp. 97-110. It has also been argued that 'the growth of both the government and the economy [between the late seventeenth and late eighteenth centuries] was intimately connected to borrowing'. J. Hoppit, 'Attitudes to credit in Britain, 1680-1790', Historical J. 33 (1990), pp. 305-22. See also R. G. Wilson, 'Merchants and land: the Ibbetsons of Leeds and Denton, 1650-1850', Northern Hist., 24 (1988), pp. 75-100.
67. M. Miles, 'The money market in the early industrial revolution: the evidence from West Riding attorneys, c. 1750-1850', Business Hist., 23 (1981), pp. 127-45; B. A. Holderness, 'Credit in English rural society before the nineteenth century, with special reference to the period 1605-1720', AgHR 24 (1976), pp. 97-110. It has also been argued that 'the growth of both the government and the economy [between the late seventeenth and late eighteenth centuries] was intimately connected to borrowing'. J. Hoppit, 'Attitudes to credit in Britain, 1680-1790', Historical J. 33 (1990), pp. 305-22. See also R. G. Wilson, 'Merchants and land: the Ibbetsons of Leeds and Denton, 1650-1850', Northern Hist., 24 (1988), pp. 75-100.
68. M. Miles, 'The money market in the early industrial revolution: the evidence from West Riding attorneys, c. 1750-1850', Business Hist., 23 (1981), pp. 127-45; B. A. Holderness, 'Credit in English rural society before the nineteenth century, with special reference to the period 1605-1720', AgHR 24 (1976), pp. 97-110. It has also been argued that 'the growth of both the government and the economy [between the late seventeenth and late eighteenth centuries] was intimately connected to borrowing'. J. Hoppit, 'Attitudes to credit in Britain, 1680-1790', Historical J. 33 (1990), pp. 305-22. See also R. G. Wilson, 'Merchants and land: the Ibbetsons of Leeds and Denton, 1650-1850', Northern Hist., 24 (1988), pp. 75-100.
69. A will was proved in 1710 for a Richard Marcer of Liverpool who was described as a tanner, although it is not certain if both documents relate to the same individual. WCW, Richard Marcer, Liverpool, 1710.
70. DDM 5/1-5.
71. DDM 5/1-5; DDM 14/9.
72. DDCl 629, 638.
73. WCW, Edward Fazakerley, 1676.
74. DDM 5/1-5.
75. WCW, Edward Fazakerley, 1676.
76. DDM 14/9.
77. WCW, Edward Darwin, Sefton, 1691. Both the will and the inventory are damaged and many of the names of people who were indebted to Darwin are unfortunately illegible.
78. WCW, Edward Fazakerley, 1676.