Gene flow among San Joaquin kit fox populations in a severely changed ecosystem

Conservation Genetics

Volumn 6, Issue 1, 2005, Pages 25-37

  Schwartz, Michael K ^a,b   Ralls, Katherine ^c   Williams, Dan F ^d   Cypher, Brian L ^e   Pilgrim, Kristine L ^b   Fleischer, Robert C ^c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MONTANA   (United States)

^b ROCKY MOUNTAIN RESEARCH STATION   (United States)

^c SMITHSONIAN CONSERVATION BIOLOGY INSTITUTE   (United States)

^d CALIFORNIA STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^e CALIFORNIA STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Gene flow; Kit fox; Microsatellite; Population genetics; Vulpes macrotis mutica

Indexed keywords

CANID; CONSERVATION GENETICS; DISPERSAL; GENE FLOW;

CALIFORNIA; NORTH AMERICA; SAN JOAQUIN VALLEY; UNITED STATES; WESTERN HEMISPHERE; WORLD;

CANIDAE; MACROTIS; VULPES; VULPES MACROTIS MUTICA;

EID: 17844370831     PISSN: 15660621     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s10592-004-7719-8     Document Type: Article

References (68)

1. Z Abdo KA Crandall P Joyce 2004 Evaluating the performance of likelihood methods for detecting population structure and migration Mol. Ecol. 13 837 851
2. G Allegrucci MG Minasi V Sbordoni 1997 Patterns of gene flow and genetic structure in cave-dwelling crickets of the Tuscan endemic, Dolichopoda schiavazii (Orthoptera, Rhaphidophoridae) Heredity 78 665 673
3. FW Allendorf RS Phelps 1981 Use of allelic frequencies to describe population structure Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 38 1507 1514
4. JW Archie 1985 Statistical analysis of heterozygosity data: independent sample comparisons Evolution 39 623 637
5. Balestreri AN (1981) Status of the San Joaquin kit fox at Camp Roberts California. Department of Army Directorate Facilities Engineering Environmental and Natural Resources Office, HQ, 7th Infantry Division, Contract No. DAKF03-81-C736, Ft. Ord.
6. P Beerli J Felsenstein 2001 Maximum likelihood estimation of a migration matrix and effective population sizes in n subpopulations by using a coalescent approach Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. 98 4563 4568
7. J Berger 1990 Persistence of different-sized populations, an empirical assessment of extinction in bighorn populations Conserv. Biol. 4 91 98
8. JH Brown A Kodric-Brown 1977 Turnover rates in insular biogeography, effect of immigration on extinction Ecology 58 445 449
9. J Cornuet S Piry G Luikart A Estoup M Solignac 1999 New methods employing multilocus genotypes to select or exclude populations as origins of individuals Genetics 153 1989 2000
10. B Cypher 2000 Population dynamics of San Joaquin kit foxes at the Naval Petroleum Reserves in California Wildlife Monogr. 145 1 43
11. B Cypher LN Frost 1999 Condition of San Joaquin kit foxes in urban and exurban habitats J. Wildlife Manage. 63 930 938
12. N Davies FX Villablanca GK Roderick 1999 Determining the source of individuals, multilocus genotyping in nonequilibrium population genetics Trend. Ecol. Evol. 14 17 21
13. Environmental Systems Research Institute Inc. (ESRI) 1997. ARC/INFO version 7.1.2. Redlands, CA.
14. R Fisher 1954 Statistical Methods for Research Workers 12th ed. Oliver and Boyd Edinburgh UK
15. LV Francisco AA Langston CS Mellersh CL Neal EA Ostrander 1996 A class of highly polymorphic tetranucleotide repeats for canine genetic mapping Mamm. Genome 7 359 362
16. R Frankham 1995 Effective population size/adult population size ratios in wildlife: a review Genet. Res. Camb. 66 95 106
17. M Fredholm AK Wintero 1995 Variation of short tandem repeats with in and between species belonging to the Canidae family Mamm. Genome 6 11 18
18. J Goudet 1995 FSTAT (Version 1.2), A computer program to calculate F-statistics J. Hered. 86 485 486
19. Goudet J (2000) FSTAT, a program to estimate and test gene diversities and fixation indices (version 2.9.1) Available from http://www.unilch/izea/ softwares/fstat.html Updated from Goudet (1995).
20. J Goudet N Perrin P Wasser 2002 Tests for sex-biased dispersal using bi-parentally inherited genetic markers Mole. Ecol. 11 1103 1114
21. J Goudet M Raymond T Demeeus F Rousset 1996 Testing genetic differentiation in diploid populations Genetics 144 1933 1940
22. PJ Greenwood 1980 Mating systems, philopatry and dispersal in birds and mammals Anim. Behav. 28 1140 1162
23. J Grinnell JS Dixon JM Linsdale 1937 Fur-bearing Mammals of California University of California Press Berkley Vol 2
24. SW Guo EA Thompson 1992 Performing the exact test of Hardy-Weinberg proportions for multiple alleles Biometrics 48 361 362
25. PW Hedrick 1999 Highly variable loci and their interpretation in evolution and conservation Evolution 53 313 318
26. ME Koopman BL Cypher JH Scrivner 2000 Dispersal patterns of San Joaquin Kit Foxes (Vulpes macrotis mutica) J. Mammal. 81 213 222
27. P Leberg 2002 Estimating allelic richness: effects of sample size and bottlenecks Mol. Ecol. 11 2445 2449
28. N Lugon-Moulin H Brunner F Balloux J Hausser J Goudet 1999 Do riverine barriers, history or introgression shape the genetic structuring of a common shrew (Sorex araneus) population Heredity 83 155 161
29. G Luikart JM Cornuet 1999 Estimating the effective number of breeders from heterozygote excess in progeny Genetics 151 1211 1216
30. JE Maldonado R Cotera E Geffen RK Wayne 1997 Relationships of the endangered Mexican kit fox (Vulpes macrotis zinseri) to North American arid-land foxes based on mitochondrial DNA sequence data Southwest. Nat. 42 460 470
31. S Manel P Bertier G Luikart 2002 Detecting wildlife poaching: identifying the origin of individuals with Bayesian assignment tests and multilocus genotypes Conserv. Biol. 16 650 659
32. N Mantel 1967 The detection of disease clustering and a generalized regression approach Cancer Res. 27 209 220
33. A Mercure K Ralls KP Koepfli RK Wayne 1993 Genetic subdivision among small canids: mitochondrial DNA differentiation of swift, kit and arctic foxes Evolution 47 1313 1328
34. CH Merriam 1902 Three new foxes of the kit fox and desert fox groups Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 15 73 74
35. LS Mills FW Allendorf 1996 The one-migrant-per-generation rule in conservation and management Conserv. Biol. 10 1509 1518
36. LS Mills MK Schwartz DA Tallmon KP Lair 2003 Measuring and interpreting connectivity for mammals in coniferous forests CJ Zabel RG Anthony Mammal Community Dynamics: Management and Conservation in the Coniferous Forests of Western North America Cambridge University Press Cambridge 587 613
37. st statistics obtained from a finite number of isolated populations Theor. Popul. Biol. 11 307 325
38. D Newman D Pilson 1997 Increased probability of extinction due to decreased genetic effective population size, experimental populations of Clarkia pulchella Evolution 51 354 362
39. O'Ryan C EH Harley MW Bruford M Beaumont RK Wayne MI Cherry 1998 Microsatellite analysis of genetic diversity in fragmented South African buffalo populations Anim. Conserv. 1 85 94
40. EA Ostrander GF Sprague J Rine 1993 Identification and characterization of dinucleotide repeat (CA)n markers for genetic mapping in dog Genomics 16 207 213
41. D Paetkau W Calvert I Stirling C Strobeck 1995 Microsatellite analysis of population structure in Canadian polar bears Mole. Ecol. 4 347 354
42. D Paetkau LP Waits PL Clarkson L Craighead E Vyse R Ward C Strobeck 1998 Variation in genetic diversity across the range of North American brown bears Conserv. Biol. 12 418 429
43. K Ralls K Pilgrim PJ White EE Paxinos MK Schwartz RC. Fleischer 2001 Kinship, social relationships, and den-sharing in kit foxes J. Mamm. 82 858 866
44. K Ralls PJ White 1995 Predation on San Joaquin kit foxes by larger canids J. Mamm. 76 723 729
45. M Raymond F Rousset 1995 GENEPOP (Version 1.2), population genetics software for exact tests and ecumenicism J. Hered. 83 248 249
46. WR Rice 1989 Analyzing tables of statistical tests Evolution 43 223 225
47. A Robertson 1965 The interpretation of genotypic ratios in domestic animal populations Anim. Prod. 7 319 324
48. I Saccheri M Kuussaari M Kankare P Vikman W Fortelius I Hanski 1998 Inbreeding and extinction in a butterfly metapopulation Nature 392 491 494
49. Scrivner JH, O'Farrell TP, Kato TT (1987) Dispersal of San Joaquin kit foxes, Vulpes macrotic mutica, on Naval Petroleum Reserve #1, Kern County, California Rep No EGG10282-2190, EG&G Energy Measurements, Goleta, CA.
50. M Slatkin 1985 Gene flow and geographic structure of natural populations Science 236 787 792
51. M Slatkin 1995 A measure of population subdivision based on microsatellite allele frequencies Genetics 139 457 462
52. DA Smith K Ralls KB Davenport B Adams JE Maldonado 2001 Canine assistants for conservationists Science 291 435
53. Smith DA, Ralls K, Cypher BL, Maldonado JE (In Press) Assessment of Scat-detection dog surveys to determine kit fox distribution. Wildl. Soc. Bull.
54. Spiegel LK (1996) Studies of the San Joaquin kit fox in undeveloped and oil-developed areas California Energy Commission Pub No P700-96-003 California Energy Commission Publication Unit, Sacramento.
55. EK Steinberg CE Jordan 1997 Using molecular genetics to learn about the ecology of threatened species: the allure and the illusion of measuring genetic structure in natural populations PA Fiedler PM Karieva Conservation Biology for the Coming Decade Chapman and Hall New York 440 460
56. AJ Stow P Sunnucks DA Briscoe MG Gardner 2001 The impact of habitat fragmentation on dispersal of Cunningham's skink (Egernia cunninghami): evidence from allelic and genotypic analyses of microsatellites Mole. Ecol. 10 867 878
57. DT Tallmon G Luikart RS Waples 2004 The alluring simplicity and complex reality of genetic rescue Trend. Ecol. Evol. 19 489 496
58. US Fish and Wildlife Service (1967) Native fish and wildlife Endangered species Federal Register 32, 4001.
59. US Fish and Wildlife Service (1998) Recovery plan for upland species of the San Joaquin Valley, California USFWS, Region 1, Portland, Oregon.
60. JA Vucetich TA Waite 2000 Is one migrant per generation sufficient for the genetic management of fluctuating populations Anim. Conserv. 3 261 266
61. P Wandeler SM Funk R Largiader S Gloor U Breitenmoser 2003 The city-fox phenomenon: genetic consequences of a recent colonization of urban habitat Mole. Ecol. 12 647 656
62. BS Weir CC Cockerham 1984 Estimating F statistics for the analysis of population structure Evolution 38 1358 1370
63. PJ White WH Berry JJ Eliason MT Hanson 2000 Catastrophic decrease in an isolated population of kit foxes Southwest. Nat. 45 204 211
64. PJ White RA Garrott 1999 Population dynamics of kit foxes Can. J. Zool. 77 486 492
65. PJ White CA Vanderbilt White K Ralls 1996 Functional and numerical responses of kit foxes to a short-term decline in mammalian prey J. Mammal. 77 370 376
66. st ≠ 1/(4Nm +1) Heredity 82 117 125
67. S Wright 1943 Isolation by distance Genetics 28 139 156
68. S Wright 1969 Evolution and the Genetics of Populations Volume 2: The theory of gene frequencies University of Chicago Press Chicago