Does predation contribute to tree diversity?

Oecologia

Volumn 143, Issue 3, 2005, Pages 458-469

  Beckage, Brian ^a   Clark, James S ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF VERMONT   (United States)

^b DUKE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Canopy gaps; Seed predation; Seedling predation; Species coexistence

Indexed keywords

COEXISTENCE; RECRUITMENT; SEED PREDATION; SEEDLING ESTABLISHMENT; SPECIES DIVERSITY; TREE;

ARTICLE; COMPARATIVE STUDY; ECOSYSTEM; ENVIRONMENT; FERTILITY; FOOD CHAIN; GROWTH, DEVELOPMENT AND AGING; PHYSIOLOGY; PLANT SEED; SPECIES DIFFERENCE; STATISTICAL MODEL; TREE; UNITED STATES;

ECOSYSTEM; ENVIRONMENT; FERTILITY; FOOD CHAIN; LINEAR MODELS; NORTH CAROLINA; SEEDS; SPECIES SPECIFICITY; TREES;

ACER RUBRUM; LIRIODENDRON TULIPIFERA; POPULUS BEROLINENSIS; QUERCUS; QUERCUS RUBRA;

EID: 17844368630     PISSN: 00298549     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s00442-004-1815-9     Document Type: Article

References (71)

1. Abbott HG (1974) Some characteristics of fruitfulness and seed germination in red maple. Tree Plant Notes 25:25-27
2. Abe M, Miguchi H, Nakashizuka T (2001) An interactive effect of simultaneous death of dwarf bamboo, canopy gap, and predatory rodents on beech regeneration. Oecologia 127:281-286
3. Abrahamson WG, JN Layne (2003) Long-term patterns of acorn production for five oak species in Xeric Florida Uplands. Ecology 84:2476-2492
4. Baker TT, Van Lear DH (1998) Relations between density of rhododendron thickets and diversity of riparian forests. Forest Ecol Manag 109:21-32
5. Barden LS (1979) Tree replacement in small canopy gaps of a Tsuga canadensis forest in the Southern Appalachians, Tennessee. Oecologia 44:141-142
6. Barden LS (1980) Tree replacement in a cove hardwood forest of the southern Appalachians. Oikos 35:16-19
7. Beckage B (2000) A long-term study of Red Maple (Acer rubrum L.) in Southern Appalachian forests: the effects of canopy gaps and shrub understories. Masters thesis, Duke University
8. Beckage B, Clark JS (2003) Seedling survival and growth of three southern Appalachian forest tree species: the role of spatial heterogeneity. Ecology 84:1849-1861
9. Beckage B, Clark JS, Clinton BD, Haines BL (2000) A long-term study of tree seedling recruitment in Southern Appalachian forests: the effects of canopy gaps and shrub understories. Can J Forest Res 30:1617-1631
10. Boman JS, Casper BB (1995) Differential postdispersal seed predation in disturbed and intact temperate forest. Am Midland Nat 134:107-116
11. Bonfil C (1998) The effects of seed size, cotyledon reserves, and herbivory on seedling survival and growth in Quercus rugosa and Q. laurina (Fagaceae). Am J Bot 85:79-87
12. Bonito GM, Coleman DC, Haines BL, Cabrera ML (2003) Can nitrogen budgets explain differences in soil nitrogen mineralization rates of forest stands along an elevation gradient? Forest Ecol Manag 176:563-574
13. Buckner CA, Shure DJ (1985) The response of Peromyscus to forest opening size in the southern Appalachian mountains. J Mammal 66:299-307
14. Burns RM, Honkala BH (1990) Silvics of North America, vol 2. Hardwoods, USDA, Washington
15. Caswell H (1978) Predator-mediated coexistence: a non equilibrium model. Am Nat 112:127-154
16. Chen HYH (1997) Interspecific responses of planted seedlings to light availability in interior British Columbia: survival, growth, allometric patterns, and specific leaf area. Can J Forest Res 27:1383-1393
17. Chesson PL, Warner RR (1981) Environmental variability promotes coexistence in lottery competitive systems. Am Nat 117:923-943
18. Cintra R (1997) Leaf litter effects on seed and seedling predation of the palm Astrocaryum murumuru and the legume tree Dipteryx micrantha in Amazonian forest. J Trop Ecol 13:709-725
19. Clark JS, Macklin E, Wood L (1998) Stages and spatial scales of recruitment limitation in southern Appalachian forests. Ecol Monogr 68:213-235
20. Clinton BD, Boring LR, Swank WT (1993) Canopy gap characteristics and drought influences of the Coweeta basin. Ecology 74:1551-1558
21. Condit R, Hubbell SP, Foster RB (1992) Recruitment near conspecific adults and the maintenance of tree and shrub diversity in a neotropical forest. Am Nat 140:261-286
22. Connell JH (1971) On the role of natural enemies in preventing competitive exclusion in some marine animals and in rain forest trees. In: den Boer PJ, Gradwell GR (eds) Dynamics of populations. Centre for Agricultural Publication and Documentation, Wageningen, pp 298-312
23. De Steven D (1991) Experiments on mechanisms of tree establishment in old-field succession: seedling emergence. Ecology 72:1066-1075
24. Farmer RE, Cunningham M (1981) Seed dormancy of red maple in east Tennessee. Forest Sci 27:446-448
25. Fine PVA, Mesones I, Coley PD (2004) Herbivores promote habitat specialization by trees in Amazonia forests. Science 305:663-665
26. Foster SA, Janson CH (1985) The relationship between seed size and establishment conditions in tropical woody plants. Ecology 66:773-780
27. Garcia D, Banuelos MJ, Houle G (2002) Differential effects of acorn burial and litter cover on Quercus rubra recruitment at the limit of its range in eastern North America. Can J Bot 80:1115-1120
28. Gelman A, Carlin JB, Stern HS, Rubin DB (1995) Bayesian data analysis. Chapman and Hall, New York, p 526
29. Gilks WR, Richardson S, Spiegelhalter DJ (1996) Markov chain Monte Carlo in practice. Chapman and Hall, New York, p 486
30. Grubb PJ (1977) The maintenance of species-richness in plant communities: the importance of the regeneration niche. Biol Rev 52:107-145
31. Guo Q, Brown JH, Valone TJ, Kachman SD (2000) Constraints of seed size on plant distribution and abundance. Ecology 81:2149-2155
32. Hansen R (2000) Effects of habitat complexity and composition on a diverse litter microarthropod assemblage. Ecology 81:1120-1132
33. Houle G (1995) Seed dispersal and seedling recruitment: the missing link(s). Ecoscience 2:238-244
34. Hubbell SP (2001) The unified neutral theory of biodiversity and biogeography. Princeton University Press, Princeton
35. Hulme PE (1996) Herbivory, plant regeneration, and species coexistences. J Ecol 84:609-615
36. Huston M (1994) Biological diversity: the coexistence of species on changing landscapes. Cambridge University Press, Great Britain
37. Janzen DH (1971) Seed predation by animals. Annu Rev Ecol Syst 2:465-492
38. Jordano P, Herrera CM (1995) Shuffling the offspring: uncoupling and spatial discordance of multiple stages in vertebrate seed dispersal. Ecoscience 2:230-237
39. Kelly CK, Bowler MG (2002) Coexistence and relative abundance in forest trees. Nature 417:437-440
40. Klein JP, Moeschberger ML (1999) Survival Analysis, Techniques for Censored and Truncated Data. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York
41. Kobe RK, Pacala SW, Silander JA Jr, Canham CD (1995) Juvenile tree survivorship as a component of shade tolerance. Ecol Appl 5:517-532
42. Lei TT, Semones SW, Walker JF, Clinton BD, Nilsen ET (2002) Effects of Rhododendron maximum thickets on tree seed dispersal, seedling morphology, and survivorship. Int J Plant Sci 163(6):991-1000
43. Manson RH, Stiles EW (1998) Links between microhabitat preferences and seed predation by small mammals in old fields. Oikos 82:37-50
44. Moles A, Warton DI, Westoby M (2003) Do small-seeded species have higher survival through seed predation than large-seeded species? Ecology 84:3148-3161
45. Molofsky J, Augspurger CK (1992) The effect of leaf litter on early seedling establishment in a tropical forest. Ecology 73:68-77
46. Myster RW, Pickett STA (1993) Effects of litter, distance, density, and vegetation patch type on postdispersal tree seed predation in old fields. Oikos 66:381-388
47. Ostfeld RS, Canham CD (1993) Effects of meadow vole population density on tree seedling survival in old fields. Ecology 74:1792-1801
48. Ostfeld RS, Manson RH, Canham CD (1997) Effects of rodents on survival of tree seeds and seedlings invading old fields. Ecology 78:1531-1542
49. Pacala SW, Crawley MJ (1992) Herbivores and plant diversity. Am Nat 140:243-260
50. Pacala SW, Canham CD, Saponara J, Silander JA Jr, Kobe RK, Ribbens E (1996) Forest models defined by field measurements: estimation, error analysis, and dynamics. Ecol Monogr 66:1-43
51. Pickett STA, White PS (1985) The ecology of natural disturbance and patch dynamics. Academic, Orlando
52. Pinheiro JC, Bates DM (2000) Mixed-effects models in S and Splus. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, p 528
53. Platt WJ, Strong DR (1989) Gaps in forest ecology. Ecology 70:535
54. Plucinski KE, Hunter ML (2001) Spatial and temporal patterns of seed predation on three tree species in an oak-pine forest. Ecography 24:309-317
55. Rey PJ, Garrido JL, Alcantara JM, Ramirez JM, Aguilera A, Garcia L, Manzaneda AJ, Fernandez R (2002) Spatial variation in ant and rodent post-dispersal predation of vertebrate-dispersed seeds. Funct Ecol 16:773-781
56. Rich PM (1989) A manual for analysis of hemispherical canopy photography. Los Alamos National Laboratory Report, LA-11733-M
57. Runkle JR (1981) Gap regeneration in some old-growth forests of the eastern United States. Ecology 62:1041-1051
58. Runkle JR (1989) Synchrony of regeneration, gaps, and latitudinal differences in tree species diversity. Ecology 70:546-547
59. Schupp EW (1990) Annual variation in seedfall, postdispersal predation, and recruitment of a neotropical tree. Ecology 71:504-515
60. Schupp EW (1995) Seed-seedling conflicts, habitat choice, and patterns of plant recruitment. Am J Bot 82:399-409
61. Schupp EW, Fuentes M (1995) Spatial patterns of seed dispersal and the unification of plant population ecology. Ecoscience 2:267-275
62. Schupp EW, Howe HF, Augspurger CK, Levey DJ (1989) Arrival and survival in tropical treefall gaps. Ecology 70:562-564
63. Steel RGD, Torrie JH, Dickey DA (1997) Principles and procedures of statistics, a biometrical approach, 3rd edn. McGraw-Hill, New York
64. Steele M, Smallwood P (1994) What are squirrels hiding? Nat Hist 10:40-45
65. Swank WT, Crossley DA (1988) Introduction and Site Description. In: Swank WT, Crossley DA (eds) Forest hydrology and ecology at Coweeta. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, pp 3-16
66. Tanaka H (1995) Seed demography of three co-occurring Acer species in a Japanese temperate deciduous forest. J Veget Sci 6:887-896
67. Warner RR, Chesson PL (1985) Coexistence mediated by recruitment fluctuations: a field guide to the storage effect. Am Nat 125:769-787
68. Webb SL, Willson MF (1985) Spatial heterogeneity in post-dispersal predation on Prunus and Uvularia seeds. Oecologia 67:150-153
69. Weisberg S (1985) Applied linear regression. Wiley, New York
70. Whitmore TC, Brown ND (1996) Dipterocarp seedling growth in rain forest canopy gaps during six and a half years. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 351:1195-1203
71. Whittaker RH (1956) Vegetation of the Great Smoky Mountains. Ecol Monogr 26:1-80