Optimization of coagulation-flocculation process for palm oil mill effluent using response surface methodology

Environmental Science and Technology

Volumn 39, Issue 8, 2005, Pages 2828-2834

  Ahmad, A L ^a   Ismail, S ^a   Bhatia, S ^a  

^a SCHOOL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING   (Malaysia)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EFFLUENTS; FLOCCULATION; OPTIMIZATION; PARAMETER ESTIMATION; PH; PROBLEM SOLVING; WASTEWATER RECLAMATION;

OPTIMUM VALUE; PALM OIL; RESPONSE SURFACE MODELING;

COAGULATION;

COAGULATING AGENT; PALM OIL;

COAGULATION; EFFLUENT TREATMENT; FLOCCULATION; WASTEWATER TREATMENT;

ARTICLE; BIOFOULING; EFFLUENT; ENVIRONMENTAL RECLAMATION; FLOCCULATION; PH MEASUREMENT; RESPONSE SURFACE METHOD; SEPARATION TECHNIQUE; TURBIDITY; WASTE WATER RECYCLING; WATER SUPPLY;

FACILITY DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION; FILTRATION; FLOCCULATION; HYDROGEN-ION CONCENTRATION; INDUSTRIAL WASTE; NEPHELOMETRY AND TURBIDIMETRY; ORGANIC CHEMICALS; PLANT OILS; PLANTS; SOLUBILITY; WASTE DISPOSAL, FLUID; WATER POLLUTANTS; WATER PURIFICATION;

EID: 17644427401     PISSN: 0013936X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1021/es0498080     Document Type: Article

References (35)

1. Ma, A. N. Environmental management for the palm oil industry. Palm Oil Dev. 2000, 30, 1-10.
2. Malaysia Palm Oil Promotion Council (MPOPC) Home Page. http://www.mpopc.org.my.
3. Department of Environment Malaysia. Industrial Processes & The Environment - Crude Palm Oil Industry; Handbook 3; 1999; pp 5-10.
4. Quah, S. K.; Kanagaratnam, J. POME treatment and land application system. Proceedings of the Regional Workshop on Palm Oil Mill Technology and Effluent Treatment, Kuala Lumpur, 1982.
5. Lim, K. H.; Quah, S. K.; Gillies, D.; Wood, B. J. Palm oil mill effluent treatment and utilization in sime darby plantations - the current position. Workshop Proc. Palm Oil Res. Inst. Malays. 1984, 9, 42-52.
6. Chin, K. K.; Lee S. W.; Mohammad, H. H. A study of palm oil mill effluent using a pond system. Water Sci. Technol. 1996, 34 (11), 119-123.
7. Bradley, P. M.; Landmayer, J. E.; Chapelle, F. H.; Moody, C. A.; Martin, J. W.; Kwan, W. C.; Muir, D. C. G.; Mabury, S. A. Widespread potential for microbial MTBE degradation in surface-water sediments. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2002, 36 (4), 545-551.
8. Oswal, N.; Sharma, P. M.; Zinjarde, S. S.; Pant, A. Palm oil mill effluent treatment by a tropical marine yeast. Bioresour. Technol. 2002, 85 (1), 35-37.
9. Fakru'l-Razi, A.; Noor, M. J. M. M. Treatment of palm oil mill effluent (POME) with the membrane anaerobic system (MAS). Water Sci. Technol. 1999, 39 (10-11), 159-163.
10. Nik Nurulaini, N. A.; Ahmad Zuhairi, A.; Muhamad Hakimi, I.; Mohd. Omar, A. K. Treatment of palm oil mill effluent (POME) using attached-film bioreactor: trickling filter as a case study. J. Ind. Technol. 2001, 10 (1), 41-54.
11. Ahmad, A. L.; Ismail, S.; Bhatia, S. Water recycling from palm oil mill effluent (POME) using membrane technology. Desalination 2003, 157 (1-3), 87-95.
12. Ahmad, A. L.; Ismail, S.; Ibrahim, N.; Bhatia, S. Removal of suspended solids and residual oil from palm oil mill effluent. J. Chem. Technol. Biotechnol. 2003, 78, 971-978.
13. Mulder, M. Basic Principles of Membrane Technology, 2nd ed.; Kluwer Academic Publishers: Dordrecht, The Netherlands, 1996; pp 416-463.
14. Baker, R. W. Membrane Technology and Applications; McGraw-Hill: New York, 2000; pp 208-211.
15. Lee, J. D.; Lee, S. H.; Jo, M. H.; Park, P. K.; Lee, C. H.; Kwak, J. W. Effect of coagulation conditions on membrane filtration characteristics in coagulation-microfiltration process for water treatment. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2000, 34 (17), 3780-3788.
16. Al-Malack, M. H.; Anderson, G. K. Coagulation-crossflow microfiltration of domestic wastewater. J. Membr. Sci. 1996, 121 (1), 59-70.
17. Vigneswaran, S.; Boonthanon, S. Crossflow microfiltration with in line flocculation. Water Technol. 1992, 29-31.
18. Eilbeck, W. J.; Mattock, G. Chemical Process in Waste Water Treatment; Ellis Horwood Ltd.: Chichester, England, 1987; pp 232-288.
19. Heinzmann, B. Improvement of the surface water quality in the Berlin region. Water Sci. Technol. 1998, 38 (6), 191-200.
20. Spicer, P. T.; Pratsinis, S. E. Shear-induced flocculation: the evolution of floc structure and the shape of the size distribution at steady state. Water Res. 1996, 30 (5), 1049-1056.
21. Elmaleh, S.; Yaki, H.; Coma, J. Suspended solids abatement by pH increase-upgrading of an oxidation pond effluent. Water Res. 1996, 30 (10), 2357-2362.
22. 3-sols. Colloid Polym. Sci. 1998, 276 (3), 260-266.
23. Dutta, N. N.; Pangarkar, V. G. Critical impeller speed for solid suspension in multi impeller three phase agitated contactors. Can. J. Chem. Eng. 1995, 73 (3), 273-283.
24. Coulson, J. M.; Richardson, J. F.; Backhurst, J. R.; Harker, J. H. Chemical Engineering: Solutions to the Problems in Chemical Engineering, 5th ed.; Butterworth-Heinemann: Oxford, 2002.
25. Adinarayana, K.; Ellaiah, P.; Srinivasulu, B.; Bhavani Devi, R.; Adinarayana, G. Response surface methodological approach to optimize the nutritional parameters for neomycin production by Streptomyces marinensis under solid-state fermentation. Process Biochem. 2003, 38 (11), 1565-1572.
26. Noordin, M. Y.; Venkatesh, V. C.; Sharif, S.; Elting, S.; Abdullah, A. Application of response surface methodology in describing the performance of coated carbide tools when turning AISI 1045 steel. J. Mater. Process. Technol. 2004, 145 (1), 46-58.
27. Zaman, A. A.; Demir, F.; Finch, E. Effects of process variables and their interactions on solubility of metal ions from crude kaolin particles: results of a statistical design of experiments. Appl. Clay Sci. 2003, 22 (5), 237-250.
28. Massumi, A.; Najafi, N. M.; Barzegari, H. Speciation of Cr(VI)/Cr(III) in environmental waters by fluorimetric method using central composite, full and fractional factorial design. Microchem. J. 2002, 72 (1), 93-101.
29. Bacaoui, A.; Dahbi, A.; Yaacoubi, A.; Bennouna, C.; Maldonado-Hodar, F. J.; Rivera-Utrilla, J.; Carrasco-Marin, F.; Moreno-Castilla, C. Experimental design to optimize preparation of activated carbons for use in water treatment. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2002. 36 (17), 3844-3849.
30. Montgomery, D. C. Design and Analysis of Experiments, 3rd ed.; John Wiley & Sons: New York, 1991.
31. Khuri, A. I.; Cornall, J. A. Response Surfaces: Design and Analysis; Marcel Dekker: New York, 1987.
32. Kuehl, R. O. Design of Experiments: Statistical Principles of Research Design and Analysis, 2nd ed.; Duxbury Press: Pacific Grove, CA, 2000; pp 2-225.
33. Fountain, R. L. Water Treatment Plant Operation; Chemistry for Operators; Ann Arbor Science: Ann Arbor, MI, 1981; pp 117-122.
34. Hammer, M. J.; Hammer, M. J., Jr. Water and Wastewater Technology, 4th ed.; Prentice Hall: Upper Saddle River, NJ, 2001; pp 18-22.
35. Steppan, D. D.; Werner, J.; Yeater, R. P. Essential regression and experimental design for chemist and engineer. 1998; http://geocities.com/ SiliconValley/Network/1032.