Between power and hegemony; business communities in peace processes

Review of International Studies

Volumn 31, Issue 2, 2005, Pages 325-348

  Ben Porat, Guy ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 17544382387     PISSN: 02602105     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1017/S0260210505006479     Document Type: Article

References (106)

1. Giovanni Arrighi and Beverly Silver, Chaos and Governance in the Modern World system (Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press, 1999).
2. Gershon Shafir, "Business in Politics: Globalization and the Search for Peace in South Africa and Israel/Palestine', Israel Affairs, 3 (1998).
3. Jonathan Nitzan and Shimshon Bichler, 'From War Profits to Peace Dividends: The New Political Economy of Israel', Capital & Class (Autumn 1996).
4. Gershon Shafir and Yoav Peled (eds.), The New Israel: Peacemaking and Liberalization (New York: Westview Press, 2000).
5. The research is part of my doctoral dissertation: Guy Ben-Porat, 'Globalization, Peace and Discontent: Israel and Northern Ireland'. Johns Hopkins University (2001).
6. Susan Strange, The Retreat of the State (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996), p. 16.
7. John W. Kingdom, Agendas, Alternatives, and Public Policies (Boston, MA: Little, Brown, 1984); H. Campbell, 'When Businesses Collide: Producer Interest Groups and the Politics of Regulation', Policy Studies Journal, 26:2 (1998), pp. 310-28.
8. John W. Kingdom, Agendas, Alternatives, and Public Policies (Boston, MA: Little, Brown, 1984); H. Campbell, 'When Businesses Collide: Producer Interest Groups and the Politics of Regulation', Policy Studies Journal, 26:2 (1998), pp. 310-28.
9. Robert Dahl and Charles Lindblom, Politics, Economics and Welfare (Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 1976), p. xxxvi.
10. For a review, see David Vogel, Kindred Strangers: The Uneasy Relationship between Politics and Business in America (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1996); Graham K. Wilson, Business and Politics: A Comparative Introduction (London: Macmillan, 1985).
11. For a review, see David Vogel, Kindred Strangers: The Uneasy Relationship between Politics and Business in America (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1996); Graham K. Wilson, Business and Politics: A Comparative Introduction (London: Macmillan, 1985).
12. John W. Kingdom, Agendas, Alternatives, and Public Policies (Illinois: Scott, Foresman, 1984), pp. 55-6.
13. Vogel, Kindred Strangers, p. 245; Mark V. Nadel, The Hidden Dimension of Public Policy: Private Governments and the Policy-Making Process', Journal of Politics, 37 (1975), pp. 3-34.
14. Vogel, Kindred Strangers, p. 245; Mark V. Nadel, The Hidden Dimension of Public Policy: Private Governments and the Policy-Making Process', Journal of Politics, 37 (1975), pp. 3-34.
15. Mark Mizruchi, The Structure of Corporate Political Action (Cambridge, MA and London, 1992), p. 34; Kingdom, Agendas, p. 55.
16. Mark Mizruchi, The Structure of Corporate Political Action (Cambridge, MA and London, 1992), p. 34; Kingdom, Agendas, p. 55.
17. Vogel, Kindred Strangers, p. 11.
18. Ronald Rogowski, Commerce and Coalitions: How Trade Affects Domestic Political Alignments (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1989); Wilson, Business and Politics, pp. 14-15; Michael Moran, 'Politics, Banks and Markets; An Anglo-American Comparison', Political Studies, 32 (1984), pp. 173-89.
19. Ronald Rogowski, Commerce and Coalitions: How Trade Affects Domestic Political Alignments (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1989); Wilson, Business and Politics, pp. 14-15; Michael Moran, 'Politics, Banks and Markets; An Anglo-American Comparison', Political Studies, 32 (1984), pp. 173-89.
20. Ronald Rogowski, Commerce and Coalitions: How Trade Affects Domestic Political Alignments (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1989); Wilson, Business and Politics, pp. 14-15; Michael Moran, 'Politics, Banks and Markets; An Anglo-American Comparison', Political Studies, 32 (1984), pp. 173-89.
21. Thomas R. Dye, 'Oligarchic Tendencies in National Policy-Making; the Role of the Private Policy-Planning Organizations', Journal of Politics, 40:2 (1978), pp. 309-25.
22. Ira Katzenstein and Mark Kesselman, The Politics of Power (New York: Harcourt Brace Janovich, 1975), p. 118.
23. David Marsh, 'Interest Group Activity and Structural Power: Lindblom's Politics and Markets', West European Politics, 6:2 (1983), pp. 3-14.
24. Duane Swank, 'Politics and the Structural Dependence of the State in Democratic Capitalist Nations', 86:1 (1992), pp. 38-54.
25. Antonio Gramsci, Selections from the Prison Notebooks (New York, 1971), pp. 55-60.
26. Douglas Iitowitz, 'Gramsci, Hegemony and the Law', Brigham Young University Law Review, no. 2 (2000), pp. 515-52.
27. Leslie Sklair, 'Social Movement for Global Capitalism: the Transnational Capitalist Class in Action', Review of International Political Economy, 4:3 (1997); see also Sklair, Sociology of the Global System (Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1995); Sklair, 'Global System Theory and the Fortune Global 500', International Journal of Politics, Culture and Society, 12:3 (1999); Stephen Gill, 'Global Hegemony and the Structural Power of Capital", International Studies Quarterly, 33 (1989); Gill, 'The Emerging Hegemony of Transnational Capital: Trilateralism and Global Order', in D. Rapkin (ed.), World Leadership and Hegemony ('Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner, 1990).
28. Leslie Sklair, 'Social Movement for Global Capitalism: the Transnational Capitalist Class in Action', Review of International Political Economy, 4:3 (1997); see also Sklair, Sociology of the Global System (Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1995); Sklair, 'Global System Theory and the Fortune Global 500', International Journal of Politics, Culture and Society, 12:3 (1999); Stephen Gill, 'Global Hegemony and the Structural Power of Capital", International Studies Quarterly, 33 (1989); Gill, 'The Emerging Hegemony of Transnational Capital: Trilateralism and Global Order', in D. Rapkin (ed.), World Leadership and Hegemony ('Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner, 1990).
29. Leslie Sklair, 'Social Movement for Global Capitalism: the Transnational Capitalist Class in Action', Review of International Political Economy, 4:3 (1997); see also Sklair, Sociology of the Global System (Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1995); Sklair, 'Global System Theory and the Fortune Global 500', International Journal of Politics, Culture and Society, 12:3 (1999); Stephen Gill, 'Global Hegemony and the Structural Power of Capital", International Studies Quarterly, 33 (1989); Gill, 'The Emerging Hegemony of Transnational Capital: Trilateralism and Global Order', in D. Rapkin (ed.), World Leadership and Hegemony ('Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner, 1990).
30. Leslie Sklair, 'Social Movement for Global Capitalism: the Transnational Capitalist Class in Action', Review of International Political Economy, 4:3 (1997); see also Sklair, Sociology of the Global System (Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1995); Sklair, 'Global System Theory and the Fortune Global 500', International Journal of Politics, Culture and Society, 12:3 (1999); Stephen Gill, 'Global Hegemony and the Structural Power of Capital", International Studies Quarterly, 33 (1989); Gill, 'The Emerging Hegemony of Transnational Capital: Trilateralism and Global Order', in D. Rapkin (ed.), World Leadership and Hegemony ('Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner, 1990).
31. Leslie Sklair, 'Social Movement for Global Capitalism: the Transnational Capitalist Class in Action', Review of International Political Economy, 4:3 (1997); see also Sklair, Sociology of the Global System (Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1995); Sklair, 'Global System Theory and the Fortune Global 500', International Journal of Politics, Culture and Society, 12:3 (1999); Stephen Gill, 'Global Hegemony and the Structural Power of Capital", International Studies Quarterly, 33 (1989); Gill, 'The Emerging Hegemony of Transnational Capital: Trilateralism and Global Order', in D. Rapkin (ed.), World Leadership and Hegemony ('Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner, 1990).
32. Gill, 'Emerging Hegemony'.
33. Albert O. Hirschman, Exit, Voice, Loyalty: Responses to Decline in Firms, Organizations and States (Cambridge. MA: Harvard University Press, 1970), p. 30.
34. John A. Vasquez, 'Why Global Conflict Resolution is Possible', in Vasquez et al. (eds.), Beyond Confrontation: Learning Conflict Resolution in the Post-Cold War Era (Ann Arbor, MI: The University of Michigan Press, 1995).
35. David Cortright, 'Incentive Strategies for Preventing Conflicts', in D. Cortright (ed.), The Price of Peace (New York: Rowman and Littlefield, 1997); Eileen M. Crumm, 'The Value of Economic Incentives in International Polities', Journal of Peace Research, 32:3; Etel Solingen, 'The New Multilateralism and Nonproliferation: Bringing in Domestic Polities', Global Governance, 1:2 (1995).
36. David Cortright, 'Incentive Strategies for Preventing Conflicts', in D. Cortright (ed.), The Price of Peace (New York: Rowman and Littlefield, 1997); Eileen M. Crumm, 'The Value of Economic Incentives in International Polities', Journal of Peace Research, 32:3; Etel Solingen, 'The New Multilateralism and Nonproliferation: Bringing in Domestic Polities', Global Governance, 1:2 (1995).
37. David Cortright, 'Incentive Strategies for Preventing Conflicts', in D. Cortright (ed.), The Price of Peace (New York: Rowman and Littlefield, 1997); Eileen M. Crumm, 'The Value of Economic Incentives in International Polities', Journal of Peace Research, 32:3; Etel Solingen, 'The New Multilateralism and Nonproliferation: Bringing in Domestic Polities', Global Governance, 1:2 (1995).
38. Steve Chan, 'Grasping the Peace Dividend: Some Propositions on the Conversion of Swords into Plowshares', International Studies Quarterly, 39 (April 1995); Denis O'Hearn, 'Peace Dividends, Foreign Investment, and Economic Regeneration: The Northern Irish Case', Social Problems, 47:2 (2000); Paul W. Schroeder, 'The New World Order: A Historical Perspective', The Washington Quarterly, 17:2 (1994), pp. 25-43.
39. Steve Chan, 'Grasping the Peace Dividend: Some Propositions on the Conversion of Swords into Plowshares', International Studies Quarterly, 39 (April 1995); Denis O'Hearn, 'Peace Dividends, Foreign Investment, and Economic Regeneration: The Northern Irish Case', Social Problems, 47:2 (2000); Paul W. Schroeder, 'The New World Order: A Historical Perspective', The Washington Quarterly, 17:2 (1994), pp. 25-43.
40. Steve Chan, 'Grasping the Peace Dividend: Some Propositions on the Conversion of Swords into Plowshares', International Studies Quarterly, 39 (April 1995); Denis O'Hearn, 'Peace Dividends, Foreign Investment, and Economic Regeneration: The Northern Irish Case', Social Problems, 47:2 (2000); Paul W. Schroeder, 'The New World Order: A Historical Perspective', The Washington Quarterly, 17:2 (1994), pp. 25-43.
41. See, for example, Kathleen Schwartzman, and Kristie Taylor, 'What Caused the Collapse of Apartheid?', Journal of Political and Military Sociology, 27:1 (1999), pp. 109-39.
42. Denis O'Hearn, 'Peace Dividends', pp. 180-200; Shafir, 'Business in Polities'; Gershon Shafir and Yoav Peled, 'Peace and Profits: The Globalization of Israeli Business and the Peace Process', in Shafir and Peled (eds.), The New Israel.
43. Denis O'Hearn, 'Peace Dividends', pp. 180-200; Shafir, 'Business in Polities'; Gershon Shafir and Yoav Peled, 'Peace and Profits: The Globalization of Israeli Business and the Peace Process', in Shafir and Peled (eds.), The New Israel.
44. Denis O'Hearn, 'Peace Dividends', pp. 180-200; Shafir, 'Business in Polities'; Gershon Shafir and Yoav Peled, 'Peace and Profits: The Globalization of Israeli Business and the Peace Process', in Shafir and Peled (eds.), The New Israel.
45. Yair Aharoni, 'The Changing Political Economy of Israel', The Annals of American Political and Social Science, 555 (January 1998); Michael Shalev, 'Liberalization and the Transformation of the Political Economy', in Shafir and Peled (eds.), The New Israel.
46. Yair Aharoni, 'The Changing Political Economy of Israel', The Annals of American Political and Social Science, 555 (January 1998); Michael Shalev, 'Liberalization and the Transformation of the Political Economy', in Shafir and Peled (eds.), The New Israel.
47. Gershon Shafir, 'Business in Polities'.
48. Eva Etzioni-Halevy, A Place At the Top (Tel-Aviv: Cherikover [Hebrew] 1998); Daniel Maman, 'The Social Organization of the Israeli Economy: A Comparative Analysis', in Levi-Faur, Sheffer and Vogel (eds.), Israel: The Dynamics of Change and Continuity (London: Frank Cass. 1999).
49. Eva Etzioni-Halevy, A Place At the Top (Tel-Aviv: Cherikover [Hebrew] 1998); Daniel Maman, 'The Social Organization of the Israeli Economy: A Comparative Analysis', in Levi-Faur, Sheffer and Vogel (eds.), Israel: The Dynamics of Change and Continuity (London: Frank Cass. 1999).
50. Michael Shalev, 'Liberalization and Transformation', pp. 129-59.
51. Maoz Azaryahu, 'McIsrael? On the "Americanization of Israel"', Israel Studies, 5:1 (2000); Chaim Nagid, 'The Americanization of Israeli Culture', Skira Hodihit, 8-9 (January 1993) [Hebrew]; Uri Ram, The Promised Land of Business Opportunities: Liberal post-Zionism in the Global Age', in Shafir and Peled (eds.), The New Israel.
52. Maoz Azaryahu, 'McIsrael? On the "Americanization of Israel"', Israel Studies, 5:1 (2000); Chaim Nagid, 'The Americanization of Israeli Culture', Skira Hodihit, 8-9 (January 1993) [Hebrew]; Uri Ram, The Promised Land of Business Opportunities: Liberal post-Zionism in the Global Age', in Shafir and Peled (eds.), The New Israel.
53. Maoz Azaryahu, 'McIsrael? On the "Americanization of Israel"', Israel Studies, 5:1 (2000); Chaim Nagid, 'The Americanization of Israeli Culture', Skira Hodihit, 8-9 (January 1993) [Hebrew]; Uri Ram, The Promised Land of Business Opportunities: Liberal post-Zionism in the Global Age', in Shafir and Peled (eds.), The New Israel.
54. Benni Gaon, former CEO of Koor, Interview, 11 June 2000.
55. Bob Rowthorn, 'Northern Ireland: An Economy in Crisis', in Paul Teague (ed.), Beyond the Rhetoric: Politics, Economy and Social Policy in Northern Ireland (London: Lawrence and Wishart, 1987), p. 117.
56. Bob Rowthorn and Naomi Wayne, Northern Ireland; The Political Economy of the Conflict (Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1988), pp. 22-3.
57. Interview no. 7, September 2000.
58. Michael Strauss, CEO Strauss, Interview May 2000.
59. Haaretz, 11 October 1991.
60. Yoav Peled and Gershon Shafir, The Roots of Peacemaking: The Dynamics of Citizenship in Israel, 1948-1993', International Journal of Middle Eastern Studies, 28 (1996).
61. Maariv, 29 October 1991.
62. Haaretz, 6 October 1993.
63. Chamber of Commerce, Press statement, 31 August 1993.
64. Etain Tannam, 'The European Union and Business Cross-Border Co-operation: The Case of Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland', Irish Political Studies, 11 (1996).
65. James Anderson, 'A United Irish Economy: Economic and Political Aspects of Economic Integration', Regional Studies Series, European Society for Irish studies, 1:2 (1993).
66. Coopers & Lybrand and Indecon Economic Consultants, A Corridor of Opportunity: Study of Feasibility of Developing a Dublin-Belfast Economic Corridor (CBI, Belfast: May 1994).
67. Belfast Newsletter, 3 March 1992.
68. Interview 2, September 2000.
69. Interview 6, September 2000.
70. Irwin, 2000.
71. Gadi Wolfsfeld. Constructing News about Peace: The Role of the Israeli Media in the Oslo Peace Process (Tel-Aviv: Tel-Aviv University, Tami Steinmetz Center for Peace Research, 1997).
72. Yediot Alumnoth, 2 September 1993; 6 September year peak.
73. Ibid., 7 September 1993.
74. Ibid., 12 September 1993.
75. David Lipkin, 'Economic Catch', Maariv, 15 September 1993.
76. Sever Plotzker, 'Koor's secret peace project', Yediot Aharonoth, 15 September 1993.
77. Yediot Aharnoth, 3 September 1993.
78. Maariv, 13 September 1993, business supplement, p. 1.
79. Benjamin Gaon, Former CEO Koor, Interview 11 June 2000.
80. I b i d.
81. Interview 23 March 2000.
82. Interview with Dan Proper, former President of the Manufacturers Association of Israel, 6 April 2000
83. Sarah Roy, 'The Palestinian Economy after Oslo', Currant History (January 1998).
84. Irish News, 1 September 1994.
85. The Independant, 31 October 1994.
86. Paul Rodgers, 'Ulster peace sets investor pulses racing', Independent on Sunday, 11 December, 1994.
87. US Conference for Trade and Investment in Northern Ireland, Pittsburgh, PA, 6-8 October 1996.
88. 'Regional Development Across the North', SDLP discussion paper, June 2000.
89. Hugh Miall, Oliver Ramsbotham and Tom Woodhouse, Contemporary Conflict Resolution: The Prevention, Management and Transformation of Deadly Conflicts (London: Polity Press, 1999), pp. 183-4.
90. Sara Roy, The Palestinian Economy after Oslo', Current History (January 1998).
91. Roy, 'The Palestinian Economy'.
92. Atif A. Kubursi, 'Prospects for Arab Integration after Oslo', in Michael C. Hudson (ed.), Middle East Dilemma: The Politics and Economics of Arab Integration (Washington, DC: 1999).
93. Mordechai Bar-On, In Pursuit of Peace (Washington, DC: United States Institute of Peace, 1996).
94. Interview.
95. Haaretz, 5 May 1996.
96. Abraham Tal, 'Berl would not believe', Haaretz, 6 May 1996, Section B, p. 1.
97. Stephen Kingdom of PriceWatersCooperhouse, Interview September 2000.
98. Sir George Quigley, Interview, September 2000.
99. George Quigley, 'Background Notes: Role of G7 in the NI Peace Process', Unpublished, October 2000.
100. Interview 5, September 2000.
101. Interview, September 2000.
102. Ulster Business, 2:5 (2000).
103. Interview with CEI Chairman, Chris Gibson, September 2000.
104. Quintin Oliver, 'Working for "Yes"', Belfast, 1998.
105. Ibid., and interview to the author, September 2000.
106. Oliver, 1998, 'Working for "Yes"'.