Exercise leads to faster postural reflexes, improved balance and mobility, and fewer falls in older persons with chronic stroke

Journal of the American Geriatrics Society

Volumn 53, Issue 3, 2005, Pages 416-423

  Marigold, Daniel S ^a,b   Eng, Janice J ^a,b   Dawson, Andrew S ^b   Inglis, J Timothy ^a   Harris, Jocelyn E ^a,b   Gylfadóttir, Sif ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA   (Canada)

^b GF STRONG REHABILITATION CENTRE   (Canada)

Author keywords

Cerebrovascular accident; Clinical trial; Physical fitness; Posture; Rehabilitation

Indexed keywords

ADULT; AGED; ARTICLE; BODY EQUILIBRIUM; BODY POSTURE; CHRONIC DISEASE; CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTROLLED STUDY; EXERCISE; FALLING; FEMALE; HUMAN; MALE; OUTCOMES RESEARCH; PHYSICAL ACTIVITY; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; REFLEX; STRETCHING; STROKE; CEREBROVASCULAR ACCIDENT; CLASSIFICATION; COMMUNITY CARE; COMORBIDITY; FITNESS; KINESIOTHERAPY; MIDDLE AGED;

ACCIDENTAL FALLS; AGED; CEREBROVASCULAR ACCIDENT; CHRONIC DISEASE; COMMUNITY HEALTH SERVICES; COMORBIDITY; EXERCISE THERAPY; FEMALE; HUMANS; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; MUSCULOSKELETAL EQUILIBRIUM; PHYSICAL FITNESS; POSTURE; REFLEX;

EID: 17444398062     PISSN: 00028614     EISSN: 15325415     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1532-5415.2005.53158.x     Document Type: Article

References (44)

1. Tinetti ME, Speechley M, Ginter SF. Risk factors for falls among elderly persons living in the community. N Engl J Med 1988;319:1701-1707.
2. Tinetti ME, Williams CS. The effect of falls and fall injuries on functioning in community-dwelling older persons. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 1998;53A:M112-M119.
3. Jorgensen L, Engstad T, Jacobsen BK. Higher incidence of falls in long-term stroke survivors than in population controls: Depressive symptoms predict falls after stroke. Stroke 2002;33:542-547.
4. Forster A, Young J. Incidence and consequences of falls due to stroke: A systematic inquiry. BMJ 1995;311:83-86.
5. Kanis J, Oden A, Johnell O. Acute and long-term increases in fracture risk after hospitalization for stroke. Stroke 2001;32:702-706.
6. Ada L, Dean CM, Hall JM et al. A treadmill and overground walking program improves walking in persons residing in the community after stroke: A placebo-controlled, randomized trial. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2003;84:1486-1491.
7. Dean CM, Richards CL, Malouin F. Task-related circuit training improves performance of locomotor tasks in chronic stroke: A randomized, controlled pilot trial. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2000;81:409-417.
8. Teixeira-Salmela LF, olney SJ, Nadeau S et al. Muscle strengthening and physical conditioning to reduce impairment and disability in chronic stroke survivors. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1999;80:1211-1218.
9. Tangeman PT, Banaitis DA, Williams AK. Rehabilitation of chronic stroke patients: Changes in functional performance. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1990;71:876-880.
10. Eng JJ, Chu KS, Kim CM et al. A community-based group exercise program for persons with chronic stroke. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2003;35:1271-1278.
11. Di Fabio RP, Badke MB, Duncan P. Adapting human postural reflexes following localized cerebrovascular lesion: Analysis of bilateral long latency responses. Brain Res 1986;363:257-264.
12. Nudo RJ, Plautz EJ, Frost SB. Role of adaptive plasticity in recovery of function after damage to motor cortex. Muscle Nerve 2001;24:1000-1019.
13. Bohannon RW, Walsh S. Nature, reliability, and predictive value of muscle performance measures in patients with hemiparesis following stroke. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1992;73:721-725.
14. Tsuji I, Nakamura R. The altered time course of tension development during the initiation of fast movement in hemiplegic patients. Tohoku J Exp Med 1987;151:137-143.
15. Bonan IV, Colle FM, Guichard JP et al. Reliance on visual information after stroke: Part I, balance on dynamic posturography. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2004;85:268-273.
16. Cheng P-T, Wu S-H, Liaw M-Y et al. Symmetrical body-weight distribution training in stroke patients and its effect on fall prevention. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2001;82:1650-1654.
17. Sackley CM. The relationships between weight-bearing asymmetry after stroke, motor function and activities of daily living. Physiother Theory Pract 1990;6:179-185.
18. Folstein MF, Folstein SE, McHugh PR. 'Mini-mental state'. A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician. J Psych Res 1975;12:189-198.
19. Kelly-Hayes M, Robertson JT, Broderick JP et al. The American Heart Association Stroke Outcome Classification: Executive summary. Circulation 1998;97:2475-2478.
20. Tate DG, Findley T, Dijkers M et al. Randomized clinical trials in medical rehabilitation research. Am J Phys Med Rehabil 1999;78:486-499.
21. Berg KO, Wood-Dauphinee SL, Williams JI et al. Measuring balance in the elderly: Validation of an instrument. Can J Public Health 1992;83(Suppl 2):S7-S11.
22. Podsiadlo D, Richardson S. The timed 'up & go': A test of basic functional mobility for frail elderly persons. J Am Geriatr Soc 1991;39:142-148.
23. Powell L, Myers AM. The activities-specific balance confidence (ABC) scale. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 1995;50A:M28-M34.
24. Visser MC, Koudstaal PJ, Erdman RAM et al. Measuring quality of life in patients with myocardial infarction or stroke: A feasibility study of four questionnaires in the Netherlands. J Epidemiol Community Health 1995;49:513-517.
25. Marigold DS, Patla AE. Strategies for dynamic stability during locomotion on a slippery surface: Effects of prior experience and knowledge. J Neurophysiol 2002;88:339-353.
26. Horak FB, Nashner LM. Central programming of postural movements: Adaptations to altered support-surface configurations. J Neurophysiol 1986;55:1369-1381.
27. Domholdt E. Physical Therapy Research: Principles and Applications, 2nd Ed. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders, 2000.
28. Steffen TM, Hacker TA, Mollinger L. Age- and gender-related test performance in community-dwelling elderly people: Six-minute walk test, Berg balance scale, timed up & go test, and gait speeds. Phys Ther 2002;82:128-137.
29. Rogers MW, Johnson ME, Martinez KM et al. Step training improves the speed of voluntary step initiation in aging. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2003;58A:M46-M51.
30. Lin S-I, Woollacott MH. Postural muscle responses following changing balance threats in young, stable older, and unstable older adults. J Mot Behav 2002;34:37-44.
31. Wade DT, Collen FM, Robb GF et al. Physiotherapy intervention late after stroke and mobility. BMJ 1992;304:609-613.
32. Lord SR, Ward JA, Williams P et al. Physiological factors associated with falls in older community-dwelling women. J Am Geriatr Soc 1994;42:1110-1117.
33. Gunter KB, White KN, Hayes WC et al. Functional mobility discriminates nonfallers from one-time and frequent fallers. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2000;55A:M672-M676.
34. Sherpherd RB. Exercise and training to optimize functional motor performance in stroke: Driving neural reorganization? Neural Plasticity 2001;8:121-129.
35. Kim CM, Eng JJ, MacIntyre DL et al. Effects of isokinetic strength training on walking in persons with stroke: A double-blind controlled pilot study. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2001;10:265-273.
36. Hu M-H, Woollacott MH. Multisensory training of standing balance in older adults. II. Kinematic and electromyographic postural responses. J Gerontol 1994;49:M62-M71.
37. Allum JHJ, Honegger F, Acuna H. Differential control of leg and trunk muscle activity by vestibulo-spinal and proprioceptive signals during human balance corrections. Acta Otolaryngol 1995;115:124-129.
38. Cotman CW, Berchtold NC. Exercise: A behavioral intervention to enhance brain health and plasticity. Trends Neurosci 2002;25:295-301.
39. Biernaskie J, Corbett D. Enriched rehabilitative training promotes improved forelimb motor function and enhanced dendritic growth after focal ischemic injury. J Neurosci 2001;21:5272-5280.
40. Liepert J, Bauder H, Miltner WHR et al. Treatment-induced cortical reorganization after stroke in humans. Stroke 2000;31:1210-1216.
41. Edgerton VR, Tillakaratne NJK, Bigbee AJ et al. Plasticity of the spinal neural circuitry after injury. Ann Rev Neurosci 2004;27:145-167.
42. Rosner BA. Fundamentals of Biostatistics, 5th Ed. Pacific Grove: Duxbury Press, 2000.
43. Jorgensen HS, Nakayama H, Raaschou HO et al. Stroke: Neurologic and functional recovery. The Copenhagen Stroke Study. Phys Med Rehabil Clin N Am 1999;10:887-906.
44. Liu-Ambrose T, Khan KM, Eng JJ et al. Resistance and agility training reduce fall risk in women aged 75-85 with low bone mass: A 6-month randomized, controlled trial. J Am Geriatr Soc 2004;52:657-665.