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Volumn 44, Issue 2, 2005, Pages 58-59

Introduction to the 3Rs (refinement, reduction and replacement)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANIMAL TESTING ALTERNATIVE; ANIMAL TESTING REDUCTION; ANIMAL TESTING REFINEMENT; ANIMAL TESTING REPLACEMENT; ANIMAL WELFARE; EDITORIAL; EXPERIMENTAL ANIMAL; MEDICAL RESEARCH; NONHUMAN; PHILOSOPHY; PRACTICE GUIDELINE; ANIMAL; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; ARTICLE; LABORATORY; METHODOLOGY; STANDARD;

EID: 17144398830     PISSN: 10600558     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Editorial
Times cited : (83)

References (12)
  • 1
    • 0036054250 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ICH guidelines-implementation of the 3Rs (refinement, reduction, and replacement): Incoroporating best scientific practices into the regulatory process
    • Ohno, Y. 2002. ICH guidelines-implementation of the 3Rs (refinement, reduction, and replacement): incoroporating best scientific practices into the regulatory process. ILAR J. 43(Suppl.):S95-S98.
    • (2002) ILAR J. , vol.43 , Issue.SUPPL.
    • Ohno, Y.1
  • 2
    • 27544465010 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Online
    • European Medicines Agency. 2005. [Online]. Available at http://www.emea.eu.int/. Accessed 02/03/05.
    • (2005)
  • 3
    • 0038511365 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Behavioral regulation of the psychological welfare and environmental requirements of agricultural animals: Theory, measurement, ethics, and practical implications
    • King, L. A. 2003. Behavioral regulation of the psychological welfare and environmental requirements of agricultural animals: theory, measurement, ethics, and practical implications. ILAR J. 44:211-221.
    • (2003) ILAR J. , vol.44 , pp. 211-221
    • King, L.A.1
  • 4
    • 0036046741 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Replacement, reduction and refinement
    • Flecknell, P. 2002. Replacement, reduction and refinement. ALTEX 19:73-78.
    • (2002) ALTEX , vol.19 , pp. 73-78
    • Flecknell, P.1
  • 6
    • 8744255788 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Training for reduction in laboratory animal use
    • Nevalainen, T. 2004. Training for reduction in laboratory animal use. Altern. Lab. Anim. 32(Suppl. 2):65-67.
    • (2004) Altern. Lab. Anim. , vol.32 , Issue.SUPPL. 2 , pp. 65-67
    • Nevalainen, T.1
  • 7
    • 0036045344 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Refinement, reduction, and replacement of animal use for regulatory testing: Future improvements and implementation within the regulatory framework
    • Richmond, J. 2002. Refinement, reduction, and replacement of animal use for regulatory testing: future improvements and implementation within the regulatory framework. ILAR J. 43(Suppl.):S63-S68.
    • (2002) ILAR J. , vol.43 , Issue.SUPPL.
    • Richmond, J.1
  • 9
    • 1842464027 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Implementation of the 'three Rs' in biomedical research
    • Carlsson H. E., J. Hagelin, and J. Hau. 2004. Implementation of the 'three Rs' in biomedical research. Vet. Rec. 154:467-470.
    • (2004) Vet. Rec. , vol.154 , pp. 467-470
    • Carlsson, H.E.1    Hagelin, J.2    Hau, J.3
  • 12
    • 0034824348 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Developments on the implementation of the three Rs in research and education
    • van Zutphen, L. F. and J. B. van der Valk. 2001. Developments on the implementation of the three Rs in research and education. Toxicol In Vitro. 15:591-595.
    • (2001) Toxicol. In Vitro , vol.15 , pp. 591-595
    • Van Zutphen, L.F.1    Van Der Valk, J.B.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.