Interaction with a high- versus low-competence influence source in inductive reasoning

Journal of Social Psychology

Volumn 145, Issue 2, 2005, Pages 173-190

  Butera, Fabrizio ^a   Caverni, Jean Paul ^b   Rossi, Sandrine ^c  

^a UNIV GRENOBLE ALPES   (France)

^b AIX MARSEILLE UNIVERSITY   (France)

^c UNIVERSITÉ DE CAEN   (France)

Author keywords

Competence threat; Disconfirmation; Inductive reasoning; Social influence

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ARTICLE; FEMALE; HUMAN; HUMAN RELATION; LEARNING; MALE; PROBLEM SOLVING; SOCIAL BEHAVIOR;

ADULT; FEMALE; HUMANS; INTERPERSONAL RELATIONS; LEARNING; MALE; PROBLEM SOLVING; SOCIAL BEHAVIOR;

EID: 16844367136     PISSN: 00224545     EISSN: 19401183     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3200/SOCP.145.2.173-190     Document Type: Article

References (60)

1. Butera, F., & Buchs, C. (in press). Reasoning together: From focusing to decentering. In V. Girotto & P. N. Johnson-Laird (Eds.), The shape of reason. Hove, England: Psychology Press.
2. Butera, F., Gardair, E., Maggi, J., & Mugny, G. (1998). Les paradoxes de l'expertise: Influence sociale et (in)competence de soi et d'autrui [Paradoxes of expertise: Social influence and self and other's (in)competence]. In J. Py, A. Somat, & J. Baille (Eds.), Psychologie sociale et formation professionnelle: Propositions et regards critiques (pp. 109-123). Rennes, France: Presses Universitaires de Rennes.
3. Butera, F., Legrenzi, P., & Oswald, M. (Eds.). (1997). Contexts and biases [Special issue]. Swiss Journal of Psychology, 56(2).
4. Butera, F., & Mugny, G. (1992). Influence minoritaire et falsification [Minority influence and falsification]. Revue Internationale de Psychologie Sociale, 5, 115-132.
5. Butera, F., & Mugny, G. (1995). Conflict between incompetences and influence of a low-expertise source in hypothesis testing. European Journal of Social Psychology, 25, 457-462.
6. Butera, F., & Mugny, G. (2001). Conflicts and social influences in hypothesis testing. In C. K. W. De Dreu & N. K. De Vries (Eds.). Group consensus and minority influence: Implications for innovation (pp. 160-182). Oxford, England: Blackwell.
7. Butera, F., Mugny, G., Legrenzi, P., & Perez, J. A. (1996). Majority and minority influence, task representation, and inductive reasoning. British Journal of Social Psychology, 35, 123-136.
8. Caverni, J.-P., Fabre, J. M., & Gonzalez, M. (Eds.). (1990). Cognitive biases. Amsterdam: Elsevier (North Holland).
9. Caverni, J.-P., & Rossi, S. (1997). A nice bit of scandal: About a disconfirmation bias in the Wason's 2-4-6 problem. Swiss Journal of Psychology, 56, 239-242.
10. Caverni, J.-P., Rossi, S., & Peris, J. L. (2000). The alternatives taking into account in hypotheses testing: Two new paradigms for investigating strategies. In J. Garcia-Madru-ga, N. Carriedo, & M. J. Gonzalez-Labra (Eds.), Mental models in reasoning (pp. 133-141). Madrid, Spain: UNED.
11. Chaiken, S. (1980). Heuristic versus systematic information processing and the use of source versus message cues in persuasion. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 39, 752-766.
12. Cherubini, P., Mazzocco, K., & Rumiati, R. (2003). Rethinking the focusing effect in decision making. Acta Psychologica, 113, 67-81.
13. Doherty, M. E., Mynatt, C. R., Tweney, R. D., & Schiavo, M. D. (1979). Pseudodiagnos-ticity. Acta Psychologica, 43, 111-121.
14. Doise, W., & Mugny, G. (1979). Individual and collective conflicts of centrations in cognitive development. European Journal of Social Psychology, 9, 105-108.
15. Doise, W., & Mugny, G. (1984). The social development of the intellect. Oxford, England: Pergamon Press.
16. Dumont, M., Yzerbyt, V., Snyder, M., Mathieu, B., Comblain, C., & Scaillet, N. (2003). Suppression and hypothesis testing: Does suppressing stereotypes during interactions help to avoid confirmation biases? European Journal of Social Psychology, 33, 659-677.
17. Evans, J. St. B. T. (1982). The psychology of deductive reasoning. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.
18. Falomir, J.-M., Butera, F., & Mugny, G. (2002). Persuasive constraint and expert versus non-expert influence in intention to quit smoking. European Journal of Social Psychology, 32, 209-222.
19. French, J. R., & Raven, B. H. (1959). The bases of social power. In D. Cartwright (Ed.), Studies in social power (pp. 157-167). Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.
20. Frey, D., & Schulz-Hardt, S. (2001). Confirmation bias in group information seeking and its implications for decision making in administration, business and politics. In F. Butera & G. Mugny (Eds.), Social influence in social reality (pp. 53-73). Gottingen, Germany: Hogrefe & Huber.
21. Girotto, V., & Politzer, G. (1990). Conversational and world-knowledge constraints in deductive reasoning. In J. P. Caverni, J. M. Fabre, & M. Gonzalez (Eds.), Cognitive biases. Amsterdam: Elsevier (North Holland).
22. Gorman, M., & Carlson, B. (1989). Can experiments be used to study science? Social Epis-temology, 3, 89-106.
23. Gorman, M., & Gorman, M. E. (1984). A comparison of confirmatory, disconfirmatory and control strategy on Wason's 2-4-6, task. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 36A, 629-648.
24. Green, D. W. (1990). Confirmation bias, problem solving and cognitive models. In J. P. Caverni, J. M. Fabre, & M. Gonzalez (Eds.), Cognitive biases (pp. 553-562). Amsterdam: Elsevier (North Holland).
25. Grice, H. P. (1989). Studies in the way of words. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
26. Haverkamp, B. (1993). Confirmatory bias in hypothesis testing for client-identified and counselor self-generated hypotheses. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 40, 303-315.
27. Johnson-Laird, P. N. (1983). Mental models. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.
28. Johnson-Laird, P. N., & Byrne, R. (2002). Conditionals: A theory of meaning, pragmatics, and inference. Psychological Review, 109, 646-678.
29. Jonas, E., Schulz-Hardt, S., Frey, D., & Thelen, N. (2001). Confirmation bias in sequential information search after preliminary decisions: An expansion of dissonance theoretical research on selective exposure to information. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 80, 557-571.
30. Kahneman, D. (2003). A perspective on judgment and choice. Mapping bounded rationality. American Psychologist, 58, 697-720.
31. Kahneman, D., Slovic, P., & Tversky, A. (Eds.). (1982). Judgment under uncertainty: Heuristics and biases. New York: Cambridge University Press.
32. Klayman, J. (1995). Varieties of confirmation bias. In J. R. Busemeyer, R. Hastie, & D. L. Medin (Eds.), Decision making from the perspective of cognitive psychology (pp. 385-418). New York: Academic Press.
33. Klayman, J., & Ha, Y.-W. (1987). Confirmation, disconfirmation and information in hypothesis testing. Psychological Review, 94, 211-228.
34. Kruglanski, A. W. (1990). Motivations for judging and knowing: Implications for causal attribution. In E. T. Higgins & R. M. Sorrentino (Eds.), The handbook of motivation and cognition: Vol. 2. Foundation of behavior (pp. 333-368). New York: Guilford Press.
35. Kruglanski, A. W., & Mayseless, O. (1988). Contextual effects in hypothesis testing: The role of competing alternatives and epistemic motivations. Social Cognition, 6, 1-20.
36. Kruglanski, A. W., & Webster, D. (1996). Motivated closing of the mind: "Seizing" and "Freezing." Psychological Review, 103, 263-283.
37. Latane, B., & Wolf, S. (1981). The social impact of majorities and minorities. Psychological Review, 88, 438-453.
38. Legrenzi, P., Butera, F., Mugny, G., & Perez, J. A. (1991). Majority and minority influence in inductive reasoning: A preliminary study. European Journal of Social Psychology, 21, 359-363.
39. Legrenzi, P., Girotto, V., & Johnson-Laird, P. N. (1993). Focusing in reasoning and decision making. Cognition, 49, 37-66.
40. Leyens, J.-P., Dardenne, B., Yzerbyt, V., Scaillet, N., & Snyder, M. (1999). Confirmation and disconfirmation: Their social advantages. In W. Stroebe & M. Hewstone (Eds.), European Review of Social Psychology (Vol. 10, pp. 199-230). Chichester, England: Wiley.
41. Maggi, J., Butera, F., & Mugny, G. (1996). Conflict of incompetences: Direct and indirect influences on representation of the centimetre. International Review of Social Psychology, 9, 91-105.
42. Maggi, J., Legrenzi, P., Mugny, G., & Butera, F. (2001). Socio-cognitive biases in the choice of candidates. In F. Butera & G. Mugny (Eds.), Social influence in social reality (pp. 9-22). Gottingen, Germany: Hogrefe & Huber.
43. Mahoney, M. J. (1976). Scientist as subject: The psychological imperative. Cambridge, MA: Ballinger.
44. McDonald, J. (1990). Some situational determinants of hypothesis-testing strategies. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 26, 255-274.
45. Mitroff, I. (1974). Norms and counter-norms in a selected group of Apollo moon scientists: A case study of the ambivalence of scientists. American Sociological Review, 39, 579-595.
46. Moscovici, S. (1980). Toward a theory of conversion behavior. In L. Berkowitz (Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology (Vol. 13, pp. 202-239). New York: Academic Press.
47. Mugny, G., Butera, F., Quiamzade, A., Dragulescu, A., & Tomei, A. (2003). Comparaisons sociales des competences et dynamiques d'influence sociale dans les taches d'aptitudes [Social comparisons of competences and influence dynamics in aptitude tasks]. L'An-nee Psychologique, 104, 469-496.
48. Nemeth, C. (1986). Differential contributions of majority and minority influence. Psychological Review, 93, 23-32.
49. Perez, J. A., & Mugny, G. (1996). The conflict elaboration theory of social influence. In E. H. Witte, & J. Davis (Eds.), Understanding group behavior: Vol. 2. Small group processes and interpersonal relations (pp. 191-210). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
50. Rossi, S. (1999). Test d'hypotheses dans la decouverte de regles: Nouvelles approches du pistage des strategies de confirmation et d'infirmation d'hypotheses [Hypothesis testing in rule discovery: New approaches to studying strategies of hypothesis confirmation and disconfirmation]. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Aix-Marseilles, France.
51. Rossi, S., Caverni, J. P., & Girotto, V. (2001). Hypothesis testing in a rule discovery problem: When a focused procedure is effective. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 54A, 263-268.
52. Snyder, M. (1981). Seek, and ye shall find: Testing hypotheses about other people. In E. T. Higgins, C. P. Herman, & M. P. Zanna (Eds.), Social cognition: The Ontario Symposium. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
53. Snyder, M., & Haugen, J. (1994). Why does behavioral confirmation occur? A functional perspective on the role of target. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 30, 218-246.
54. Snyder, M., & Swann, W. B. (1978). Hypothesis-testing processes in social interaction. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 36, 1202-1212.
55. Stukas, A., & Snyder, M. (2002). Target's awareness of expectations and behavioral confirmation in ongoing interactions. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 38, 31-40.
56. Trope, Y., & Mackie, D. M. (1987). Sensitivity to alternatives in social hypothesis testing. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 23, 445-459.
57. Tweney, R. D., Doherty, M. E., & Mynatt, C. R. (Eds.). (1981). On scientific thinking. New York: Columbia University Press.
58. Wason, P. C. (1960). On the failure to eliminate hypotheses in a conceptual task. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 12, 255-274.
59. Wason, P. C. (1966). Reasoning. In B. M. Foss (Ed.), New horizons in psychology. Har-mondsworth, England: Penguin.
60. Zuckerman, M., Knee, R., Hodgins, H., & Miyake, K. (1995). Hypothesis confirmation: The joint effect of positive test strategy and acquiescence response set. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 68, 52-60.