Effects of elevation and forest cover on winter birds in mature forest ecosystems of southern British Columbia

Canadian Journal of Zoology

Volumn 82, Issue 11, 2004, Pages 1720-1730

  Herbers, Jim R ^a   Serrouya, Robert ^b   Maxcy, Katherine A ^c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF ALBERTA   (Canada)

^b Serrouya and Associates RR1 S12   (Canada)

^c Cairn Ecol Research and Management   (Canada)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CLIMATE CHANGE; COMPOSITION; DENSITY (SPECIFIC GRAVITY); ECOSYSTEMS; LOGGING (FORESTRY); SEA LEVEL;

FOREST COVER; MATURE FORESTS; NONMIGRATORY BIRDS; WINTER BIRDS;

BIODIVERSITY;

AVIFAUNA; ELEVATION; FOREST COVER; FOREST ECOSYSTEM; POPULATION DENSITY; SPECIES RICHNESS;

BIODIVERSITY; BIRDS; CLIMATES; DENSITY MEASUREMENT; ECOSYSTEMS; LOGGING;

BRITISH COLUMBIA; CANADA; NORTH AMERICA; WESTERN HEMISPHERE; WORLD;

AVES; CARDUELIS PINUS; LOXIA CURVIROSTRA; PINUS CONTORTA; SITTA CANADENSIS; SITTIDAE;

EID: 16844366971     PISSN: 00084301     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1139/Z04-151     Document Type: Article

References (56)

1. Able, K.P., and Noon, B.R. 1976. Avian community structure along elevational gradients in the northeastern United States. Oecologia (Berl.), 26: 275-294.
2. Adams, E.M., and Morrison, M.L. 1993. Effects of forest stand structure and composition on red-breasted nuthatches and brown creepers. J. Wildl. Manag. 57: 616-629.
3. Adkisson, C.S. 1999. Pine grosbeak. In The birds of North America. No. 456. Edited by A. Poole and F. Gill. The Birds of North America, Inc., Philadelphia, Pa.
4. Benkman, C.W. 1993. Logging, conifers, and the conservation of crossbills. Conserv. Biol. 7: 473-479.
5. Birds of North America. 2004. Life histories of North American birds. Available at http://birds.cornell.edu/birdsofna [accessed March 2004].
6. Bock, C.E., and Lepthien, L.W. 1976. Synchronous eruptions of boreal seed-eating birds. Am. Nat. 110: 559-571.
7. Braumandl, T.F., and Curran, M.P. 1992. A field guide for site identification for the Nelson Forest Region. British Columbia Ministry of Forests Land Management Handbook 20, Victoria.
8. Brittingham, M.C., and Temple, S.A. 1988. Impacts of supplemental feeding on survival rates of black-capped chickadees. Ecology, 69: 581-589.
9. Buckland, S.T., Anderson, D.R., Burnham, K.P., Laake, J.L., Borchers, D.L., and Thomas, L. 2001. Introduction to distance sampling. Oxford University Press Inc., New York.
10. Bunnell, F.L., Kremsater, L.L., and Wind, E. 1999. Managing to sustain vertebrate richness in forests of the Pacific Northwest: relationships within stands. Environ. Rev. 7: 97-146.
11. Burnham, K.P., and Anderson, D.R. 1998. Model selection and inference - a practical information-theoretic approach. Springer-Verlag, New York.
12. Campbell, R.W., Dawe, N.K., McTaggart-Cowan, I., Cooper, J.M., Kaiser, G.W., McNall, M.C.E., and Smith, G.E.J. 1997. The birds of British Columbia. Vol. 3. University of British Columbia Press, Vancouver.
13. Campbell, R.W., Dawe, N.K., McTaggart-Cowan, I., Cooper, J.M., Kaiser, G.W., Stewart, A.C., and McNall, M.C.E. 2001. The birds of British Columbia. Vol. 4. University of British Columbia Press, Vancouver.
14. Desrochers, A., Hannon, S.J., and Nordin, K.E. 1988. Winter survival and territory acquisition in a northern population of black-capped chickadees. Auk, 105: 727-736.
15. Dixon, K.L., and Gilbert, J.D. 1964. Altitudinal migration in the mountain chickadee. Condor, 66: 61-64.
16. Dolby, A.S., and Grubb, T.C. 1999. Effects of winter weather on horizontal and vertical use of isolated forest fragments by bark-foraging birds. Condor, 101: 408-412.
17. Dunn, E.H., Russell, D.J.T., and Welsh, D.A. 1999. Priority-setting tool applied to Canada's landbirds based on concern and responsibility for species. Conserv. Biol. 13: 1404-1415.
18. Environment Canada. 1993. Canadian climate normals. Canadian Communications Group - Publishing, Ottawa.
19. Ficken, M.S., McLaren, M.A., and Hailman, J.P. 1996. Boreal Chickadee. In The birds of North America. No. 254. Edited by A. Poole and F. Gill. The Birds of North America, Inc., Philadelphia, Pa.
20. Garman, E.H. 1951. Seed production by conifers in the coastal region of British Columbia related to dissemination and regeneration. British Columbia Forest Service Publication T35, Victoria.
21. Griffis-Kyle, K.L., and Beier, P. 2003. Small isolated aspen stands enrich bird communities in southwestern ponderosa pine forests. Biol. Conserv. 110: 375-385.
22. Hansen, A.J., and Rotella, J.J. 2002. Biophysical factors, land use, and species viability in and around nature reserves. Conserv. Biol. 16: 1112-1122.
23. Hansen, A.J., McComb, W.C., Vega, R., and Hunter, M. 1995. Bird habitat relationships in natural and managed forest in the west Cascades of Oregon. Ecol. Appl. 5: 555-569.
24. Haveri, B.A., and Carey, A.B. 2000. Forest management strategy, spatial heterogeneity, and winter birds in Washington. Wildl. Soc. Bull. 28: 643-652.
25. Hawkins, A.F.A. 1999. Altitudinal and latitudinal distribution of east Malagasy forest bird communities. J. Biogeogr. 26: 447-458.
26. Hobson, K.A., and Bayne, E. 2000. Breeding bird communities in boreal forest of western Canada: consequences of "unmixing" the mixedwoods. Condor, 102: 759-769.
27. Huff, M.H., Manuwal, D.A., and Putera, J.A. 1991. Winter bird communities in the southern Washington Cascade Range. In Wildlife and vegetation of unmanaged Douglas-fir forests. Technical coordinators L.F. Ruggiero, K.B. Aubry, A.B. Carey, and M.H. Huff. U.S. Dep. Agric. For. Serv. Gen. Tech. Rep. PNW-GTR-285. pp. 207-218.
28. Imbeau, L., Mönkkönen, M., and Desrochers, A. 2001. Long-term effects of forestry on birds of the eastern Canadian boreal forests: a comparison with Fennoscandia. Conserv. Biol. 15: 1151-1162.
29. James, F.C., and Wamer, N.O. 1982. Relationships between temperate forest bird communities and vegetation structure. Ecology, 63: 159-171.
30. Kirk, D.A., Diamond, A.W., Hobson, K.A., and Smith, A.R. 1996. Breeding bird communities of the western and northern Canadian boreal forest: relationship to forest type. Can. J. Zool. 74: 1749-1770.
31. Koenig, W.D. 2001. Synchrony and periodicity of eruptions by boreal birds. Condor, 103: 725-735.
32. Krebs, C.J. 1989. Ecological methodology. HarperCollins Publishers, New York.
33. Lahti, K., Orell, M., Rytkonen, S., and Koivula, K. 1998. Time and food dependence in willow tit winter survival. Ecology, 79: 2904-2916.
34. Laymon, S.A. 1989. Altitudinal migration movements of spotted owls in the Sierra Nevada, California. Condor, 91: 837-841.
35. Lepthien, L.W., and Bock, C.E. 1976. Winter patterns of North American kinglets. Wilson Bull. No. 88. pp. 483-485.
36. Lloyd, D., Angove, K., Hope, G., and Thompson, C. 1990. A guide to site identification and interpretation for the Kamloops Forest Region. British Columbia Ministry of Forests Land Management Handbook 23, Victoria.
37. Manuwal, D.A., and Huff, M.H. 1987. Spring and winter bird populations in a Douglas-fir forest sere. J. Wildl. Manag. 51: 586-595.
38. Navarro, A.G. 1992. Altitudinal distribution of birds in the Sierra Madre Del Sur, Guerrero, Mexico. Condor, 94: 29-39.
39. Newton, I. 1994. Experiments on the limitation of bird breeding densities: a review. Ibis, 136: 397-411.
40. Owens, J.N., and Blake, M.D. 1985. Forest tree seed production: a review of literature and recommendations for future research. Can. For. Serv. Petawawa Natl. For. Inst. Inf. Rep. PI-X 53.
41. Pojar, J., Klinka, K., and Meidinger, D.V. 1987. Biogeoclimatic ecosystem classification in British Columbia. For. Ecol. Manag. 22: 119-154.
42. Reynolds, R.T., Scott, J.M., and Nussbaum, R.A. 1980. A variable circular-plot method for estimating bird numbers. Condor, 82: 309-313.
43. Rogers, C.M. 1987. Predation risk and fasting capacity: do wintering birds maintain optimal body mass? Ecology, 68: 1051-1061.
44. Rosenstock, S.S., Anderson, D.R., Giesen, K.M., Leurering, T., and Carter, M.F. 2002. Landbird counting techniques: current practices and an alternative. Auk, 119: 46-53.
45. Ruth, J.M., Petit, D.R., Sauer, J.R., Samuel, M.D., Johnson, F.A., Fornwall, M.D., Korschgen, C.E., and Bennett, J.P. 2003. Science for avian conservation: priorities for the new millennium. Auk, 120: 204-211.
46. Sabo, S.R. 1980. Niche and habitat relations in subalpine bird communities of the White Mountains of New Hampshire. Ecol. Monogr. 50: 241-259.
47. SIBEC. 2002. Site index estimates by site series for coniferous tree species in British Columbia. Available from http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/he/spwg/ projects_area_sibec.htm [updated 5 November 2003; cited 15 December 2003].
48. Smith, S.M. 1993. Black-capped chickadee. In The birds of North America. No. 39. Edited by A. Poole and F. Gill. The Birds of North America, Inc., Philadelphia, Pa..
49. Stevens, G.C. 1992. The elevational gradient in altitudinal range: an extension of Rapoport's latitudinal rule to altitude. Am. Nat. 140: 893-911.
50. Thomas, L., Laake, J.L., Strindberg, S., Marques, F.F.C., Buckland, S.T., Borchers, D.L., Anderson, D.R., Burnham, K.P., Hedley, S.L., Pollard, J.H. and Bishop, J.R.B. 2004. Distance. Version 4.1, release 2 [computer program]. Research Unit for Wildlife Population Assessment, University of St. Andrews, Fife, UK. Available from http://www.ruwpa.st-and.ac.uk/distance/ [cited 18 March 2004].
51. Tomback, D.F. 1998. Clark's nutcracker. In The birds of North America. No. 331. Edited by A. Poole and F. Gill. The Birds of North America, Inc., Philadelphia, Pa..
52. Virkkala, R. 1991. Population trends of forest birds in a Finnish Lapland landscape of large habitat blocks: consequences of stochastic environmental variation or regional habitat alteration? Biol. Conserv. 56: 223-240.
53. Wachob, D.G. 1996. The effect of thermal microclimate on foraging site selection by wintering mountain chickadees. Condor, 98: 114-122.
54. Waterhouse, F.L., Mather, M.H., and Seip, D. 2001. Distribution and abundance of birds relative to elevation and biogeoclimatic zones in coastal old-growth forests in southern British Columbia. B.C. J. Ecosyst. Manag. 2: 1-13.
55. Willson, M.F. 1974. Avian community organization and habitat structure. Ecology, 55: 1017-1029.
56. Zar, J.H. 1984. Biostatistical analysis. Prentice-Hall Inc., Englewood Cliffs, N.J.