메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 105, Issue 2, 2004, Pages 301-311

Selection for synchronous breeding in the European starling

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CLUTCH SIZE; COLONIAL BREEDING; LAYING DATE; PASSERINE; SYNCHRONY;

EID: 16544377070     PISSN: 00301299     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.0030-1299.2004.10543.x     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (30)

References (88)
  • 1
    • 0020390148 scopus 로고
    • Clutch size flexibility in the pied flycatcher Ficedula hypoleuca
    • Askenmo, C. 1982. Clutch size flexibility in the pied flycatcher Ficedula hypoleuca. - Ardea 70: 189-196.
    • (1982) Ardea , vol.70 , pp. 189-196
    • Askenmo, C.1
  • 2
    • 0028980447 scopus 로고
    • The cost of being late: Consequences of delaying great tit Parus major first clutches
    • Barba, E., Gil-Delgado, J. A. and Monrós, J. S. 1995. The cost of being late: consequences of delaying great tit Parus major first clutches. - J. Anim. Ecol. 64: 642-651.
    • (1995) J. Anim. Ecol. , vol.64 , pp. 642-651
    • Barba, E.1    Gil-Delgado, J.A.2    Monrós, J.S.3
  • 3
    • 85005681536 scopus 로고
    • Reproductive synchrony and extra-pair copulations in birds
    • Birkhead, T. R. and Biggins, J. D. 1987. Reproductive synchrony and extra-pair copulations in birds. - Ethology 74: 320-334.
    • (1987) Ethology , vol.74 , pp. 320-334
    • Birkhead, T.R.1    Biggins, J.D.2
  • 4
    • 0030851071 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nestling sex ratio in the European starling
    • Bradbury, R. B., Cotton, P. A., Wright, J. et al. 1997. Nestling sex ratio in the European starling. - J. Avian Biol. 28: 255-258.
    • (1997) J. Avian Biol. , vol.28 , pp. 255-258
    • Bradbury, R.B.1    Cotton, P.A.2    Wright, J.3
  • 5
    • 0030621383 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The seasonal decline in the first-year survival of juvenile coots: An experimental approach
    • Brinkhof, M. W. G., Cavé, A. J. and Perdeck, A. C. 1997. The seasonal decline in the first-year survival of juvenile coots: an experimental approach. - J. Anim. Ecol. 66: 73-82.
    • (1997) J. Anim. Ecol. , vol.66 , pp. 73-82
    • Brinkhof, M.W.G.1    Cavé, A.J.2    Perdeck, A.C.3
  • 6
    • 0031193380 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Polygynous male starlings allocate their parental effort according to relative hatching date: An experimental study
    • Bruun, M., Sandell, M. I. and Smith, H. G. 1997. Polygynous male starlings allocate their parental effort according to relative hatching date: an experimental study. - Anim. Behav. 54: 73-79.
    • (1997) Anim. Behav. , vol.54 , pp. 73-79
    • Bruun, M.1    Sandell, M.I.2    Smith, H.G.3
  • 7
    • 0035657122 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Seasonal decline in clutch size in European starlings: A novel randomization test to distinguish between the timing and quality hypotheses
    • Christians, J. K., Evanson, M. and Aiken, J. J. 2001. Seasonal decline in clutch size in European starlings: a novel randomization test to distinguish between the timing and quality hypotheses. - J. Anim. Ecol. 70: 1080-1087.
    • (2001) J. Anim. Ecol. , vol.70 , pp. 1080-1087
    • Christians, J.K.1    Evanson, M.2    Aiken, J.J.3
  • 8
    • 0021533701 scopus 로고
    • Recruitment and the timing of reproduction in lesser snow geese (Chen caerulescens caerulescens)
    • Cooke, F., Findlay, C. S. and Rockwell, R. F. 1984. Recruitment and the timing of reproduction in lesser snow geese (Chen caerulescens caerulescens). - Auk 101: 451-458.
    • (1984) Auk , vol.101 , pp. 451-458
    • Cooke, F.1    Findlay, C.S.2    Rockwell, R.F.3
  • 10
    • 0025625611 scopus 로고
    • Family planning in the kestrel (Falco tinnunculus): The ultimate control of covariation of laying date and clutch size
    • Daan, S., Dijkstra, C. and Tinbergen, J. M. 1990. Family planning in the kestrel (Falco tinnunculus): the ultimate control of covariation of laying date and clutch size. - Behaviour 114: 83-116.
    • (1990) Behaviour , vol.114 , pp. 83-116
    • Daan, S.1    Dijkstra, C.2    Tinbergen, J.M.3
  • 12
    • 0022168639 scopus 로고
    • The influence of food on time budgets and timing of breeding of the dunnock Prunella modularis
    • Davies, N. B. and Lundberg, A. 1985. The influence of food on time budgets and timing of breeding of the dunnock Prunella modularis. - Ibis 127: 100-110.
    • (1985) Ibis , vol.127 , pp. 100-110
    • Davies, N.B.1    Lundberg, A.2
  • 13
    • 0000498563 scopus 로고
    • The prudent parent: Energetic adjustments in avian breeding
    • Drent, R. H. and Daan, S. 1980. The prudent parent: energetic adjustments in avian breeding. - Ardea 68: 225-252.
    • (1980) Ardea , vol.68 , pp. 225-252
    • Drent, R.H.1    Daan, S.2
  • 14
    • 0001276537 scopus 로고
    • The breeding of the starling Sturnus vulgaris in relation to its food supply
    • Dunnet, G. M. 1955. The breeding of the starling Sturnus vulgaris in relation to its food supply. - Ibis 97: 619-662.
    • (1955) Ibis , vol.97 , pp. 619-662
    • Dunnet, G.M.1
  • 15
    • 0000934796 scopus 로고
    • Dispersal and competitive ability in the magpie: An experimental study
    • Eden, S. F. 1987. Dispersal and competitive ability in the magpie: an experimental study. - Anim. Behav. 35: 764-772.
    • (1987) Anim. Behav. , vol.35 , pp. 764-772
    • Eden, S.F.1
  • 16
    • 84991138919 scopus 로고
    • Extra-pair courtship in the starling, Sturnus vulgaris
    • Eens, M. and Pinxten, R. 1990. Extra-pair courtship in the starling, Sturnus vulgaris. - Ibis 132: 618-619.
    • (1990) Ibis , vol.132 , pp. 618-619
    • Eens, M.1    Pinxten, R.2
  • 17
    • 0028974695 scopus 로고
    • Inter-sexual conflicts over copulations in the European starling: Evidence for the female mate-guarding hypothesis
    • Eens, M. and Pinxten, R. 1995. Inter-sexual conflicts over copulations in the European starling: evidence for the female mate-guarding hypothesis. - Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 36: 71-81.
    • (1995) Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. , vol.36 , pp. 71-81
    • Eens, M.1    Pinxten, R.2
  • 18
    • 0030131635 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Female European starlings increase their copulation solicitation rate when faced with the risk of polygyny
    • Eens, M. and Pinxten, R. 1996. Female European starlings increase their copulation solicitation rate when faced with the risk of polygyny. - Anim. Behav. 51: 1141-1147.
    • (1996) Anim. Behav. , vol.51 , pp. 1141-1147
    • Eens, M.1    Pinxten, R.2
  • 19
    • 0016702685 scopus 로고
    • Adaptive significance of synchronized breeding in a colonial bird: A new hypothesis
    • Emlen, S. T. and Demong, N. J. 1975. Adaptive significance of synchronized breeding in a colonial bird: a new hypothesis. - Science 188: 1029-1031.
    • (1975) Science , vol.188 , pp. 1029-1031
    • Emlen, S.T.1    Demong, N.J.2
  • 20
  • 21
    • 0001106075 scopus 로고
    • Synchrony in the lesser snow goose (Anser caerulescens). II. The adaptive value of reproductive synchrony
    • Findlay, C. S. and Cooke, F. 1982. Synchrony in the lesser snow goose (Anser caerulescens). II. The adaptive value of reproductive synchrony. - Evolution 36: 786-799.
    • (1982) Evolution , vol.36 , pp. 786-799
    • Findlay, C.S.1    Cooke, F.2
  • 22
    • 0001135646 scopus 로고
    • Reproductive habits in the snow goose: The influence of female age
    • Finney, G. and Cooke, F. 1978. Reproductive habits in the snow goose: the influence of female age. - Condor 80: 147-158.
    • (1978) Condor , vol.80 , pp. 147-158
    • Finney, G.1    Cooke, F.2
  • 23
    • 0028975975 scopus 로고
    • Age and reproduction in birds: Hypotheses and tests
    • Forslund, P. and Pärt, T. 1995. Age and reproduction in birds: Hypotheses and tests. - Trends Ecol. Evol. 10: 374-378.
    • (1995) Trends Ecol. Evol. , vol.10 , pp. 374-378
    • Forslund, P.1    Pärt, T.2
  • 24
    • 0002098013 scopus 로고
    • The ecological significance of behavioral dominance
    • Bateson, P. and Klopfer, P. H. (eds). Plenum Press
    • Gauthreaux, S. A. Jr. 1978. The ecological significance of behavioral dominance. - In: Bateson, P. and Klopfer, P. H. (eds). Perspectives in ethology 3. Plenum Press, pp. 17-54.
    • (1978) Perspectives in Ethology 3 , pp. 17-54
    • Gauthreaux Jr., S.A.1
  • 25
    • 0000269888 scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms and adaptive value of reproductive synchrony in colonial seabirds
    • Burger, J., Olla, B. L. and Winn, H. E. (eds), Plenum Press
    • Gochfeld, M. 1980. Mechanisms and adaptive value of reproductive synchrony in colonial seabirds. - In: Burger, J., Olla, B. L. and Winn, H. E. (eds), Behavior of marine animals: current perspectives in research. Vol. 4. Marine birds. Plenum Press, pp. 207-270.
    • (1980) Behavior of Marine Animals: Current Perspectives in Research. Vol. 4. Marine Birds , vol.4 , pp. 207-270
    • Gochfeld, M.1
  • 26
    • 0026289896 scopus 로고
    • An experimental study of the effects of timing of breeding on the reproductive success of common guillemots (Uria aalre)
    • Hatchwell, B. J. 1991. An experimental study of the effects of timing of breeding on the reproductive success of common guillemots (Uria aalre). - J. Anim. Ecol. 60: 721-736.
    • (1991) J. Anim. Ecol. , vol.60 , pp. 721-736
    • Hatchwell, B.J.1
  • 27
    • 0025632192 scopus 로고
    • Seasonal decline in the reproductive performance of song sparrows
    • Hochachka, W. 1990. Seasonal decline in the reproductive performance of song sparrows. - Ecology 71: 1279-1288.
    • (1990) Ecology , vol.71 , pp. 1279-1288
    • Hochachka, W.1
  • 28
    • 0000193323 scopus 로고
    • Factors affecting clutch size in Arctic passerines
    • Hussell, D. J. T. 1972. Factors affecting clutch size in Arctic passerines. - Ecol. Monogr. 42: 317-364.
    • (1972) Ecol. Monogr. , vol.42 , pp. 317-364
    • Hussell, D.J.T.1
  • 29
    • 0025262824 scopus 로고
    • The ecology and evolution of reproductive synchrony
    • Ims, R. A. 1990. The ecology and evolution of reproductive synchrony. - Trends Ecol. Evol. 5: 135-140.
    • (1990) Trends Ecol. Evol. , vol.5 , pp. 135-140
    • Ims, R.A.1
  • 30
    • 0001023420 scopus 로고
    • Influence of position in the flock and flock size on vigilance in the starling, Sturnus vulgaris
    • Jennings, T. and Evans, S. M. 1980. Influence of position in the flock and flock size on vigilance in the starling, Sturnus vulgaris. - Anim. Behav. 28: 634-635.
    • (1980) Anim. Behav. , vol.28 , pp. 634-635
    • Jennings, T.1    Evans, S.M.2
  • 31
    • 0027130843 scopus 로고
    • Supplemental food and laying date in the European starling
    • Källander, H. and Karlsson, J. 1993. Supplemental food and laying date in the European starling. - Condor 95: 1031-1034.
    • (1993) Condor , vol.95 , pp. 1031-1034
    • Källander, H.1    Karlsson, J.2
  • 33
    • 0001155624 scopus 로고
    • A study of the breeding biology of the European starling (Sturnus vulgaris L.) in North America
    • Kessel, B. 1957. A study of the breeding biology of the European starling (Sturnus vulgaris L.) in North America. - Am. Midl. Nat. 58: 257-331.
    • (1957) Am. Midl. Nat. , vol.58 , pp. 257-331
    • Kessel, B.1
  • 34
    • 0002522137 scopus 로고
    • The determination of clutch-size in birds - A review
    • Klomp, H. 1970. The determination of clutch-size in birds - a review. - Ardea 58: 1-121.
    • (1970) Ardea , vol.58 , pp. 1-121
    • Klomp, H.1
  • 35
    • 0002997506 scopus 로고
    • Regulation of numbers in populations of great tits (Parus m. major)
    • Oosterbeek 1970
    • Kluyver, H. N. 1971. Regulation of numbers in populations of great tits (Parus m. major). - Proc. Adv. Study Inst. Dynamics Numbers Popul. (Oosterbeek 1970) 507-523.
    • (1971) Proc. Adv. Study Inst. Dynamics Numbers Popul. , pp. 507-523
    • Kluyver, H.N.1
  • 36
    • 0000846494 scopus 로고
    • Reproductive synchrony, parental investment and the evolutionary dynamics of sexual selection
    • Knowlton, N. 1979. Reproductive synchrony, parental investment and the evolutionary dynamics of sexual selection. - Anim. Behav. 27: 1022-1033.
    • (1979) Anim. Behav. , vol.27 , pp. 1022-1033
    • Knowlton, N.1
  • 37
    • 0024904433 scopus 로고
    • Postfledging survival of European starlings
    • Krementz, D. G., Nichols, J. D. and Hines, J. E. 1989. Postfledging survival of European starlings. - Ecology 70: 646-655.
    • (1989) Ecology , vol.70 , pp. 646-655
    • Krementz, D.G.1    Nichols, J.D.2    Hines, J.E.3
  • 40
    • 0343359117 scopus 로고
    • Biology of Tipula paludosa; growth of the larva in the field
    • Laughlin, R. 1967. Biology of Tipula paludosa; growth of the larva in the field. - Entomol Exp. Appl. 10: 52-68.
    • (1967) Entomol. Exp. Appl. , vol.10 , pp. 52-68
    • Laughlin, R.1
  • 41
    • 0024873447 scopus 로고
    • Differences in the foraging of juvenile and adult birds: The importance of developmental constraints
    • Marchetti, K. and Price, T. 1989. Differences in the foraging of juvenile and adult birds: the importance of developmental constraints. - Biol. Rev. 64: 51-70.
    • (1989) Biol. Rev. , vol.64 , pp. 51-70
    • Marchetti, K.1    Price, T.2
  • 42
    • 0023496913 scopus 로고
    • Food as a limit on breeding birds: A life-history perspective
    • Martin, T. E. 1987. Food as a limit on breeding birds: a life-history perspective. - Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 18: 453-487.
    • (1987) Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst. , vol.18 , pp. 453-487
    • Martin, T.E.1
  • 43
    • 0028801667 scopus 로고
    • Food availability and egg-laying of captive European starlings
    • Meijer, T. and Langer, U. 1995. Food availability and egg-laying of captive European starlings. - Condor 97: 718-728.
    • (1995) Condor , vol.97 , pp. 718-728
    • Meijer, T.1    Langer, U.2
  • 44
    • 0022837745 scopus 로고
    • Temporal components of reproductive variability in eastern kingbirds (Tyrrannus tyrannus)
    • Murphy, M. 1986. Temporal components of reproductive variability in eastern kingbirds (Tyrrannus tyrannus). - Ecology 67: 1483-1492.
    • (1986) Ecology , vol.67 , pp. 1483-1492
    • Murphy, M.1
  • 45
    • 0043044330 scopus 로고
    • On the effects of small scale variation in temperature and food availability on laying date and egg size in great tits (Parus major)
    • Blondel, J. (ed.), Springer-Verlag
    • Nager, R. 1990. On the effects of small scale variation in temperature and food availability on laying date and egg size in great tits (Parus major). - In: Blondel, J. (ed.), Population biology of passerine birds. Springer-Verlag, pp. 187-197.
    • (1990) Population Biology of Passerine Birds , pp. 187-197
    • Nager, R.1
  • 46
    • 0021557017 scopus 로고
    • Seasonal trend in breeding performance of sparrowhawks
    • Newton, I. and Marquiss, M. 1984. Seasonal trend in breeding performance of sparrowhawks. - J. Anim. Ecol. 53: 809-829.
    • (1984) J. Anim. Ecol. , vol.53 , pp. 809-829
    • Newton, I.1    Marquiss, M.2
  • 47
    • 0024233970 scopus 로고
    • Effects of dispersal date on winter flock establishment and social dominance in marsh tits Parus palustris
    • Nilsson, J.-Å. and Smith, H. G. 1988. Effects of dispersal date on winter flock establishment and social dominance in marsh tits Parus palustris. - J. Anim. Ecol. 57: 917-928.
    • (1988) J. Anim. Ecol. , vol.57 , pp. 917-928
    • Nilsson, J.-Å.1    Smith, H.G.2
  • 48
    • 0000871457 scopus 로고
    • Population fluctuations and clutch-size in the great tit Parus major L.
    • Perrins, C. M. 1965. Population fluctuations and clutch-size in the great tit Parus major L. - J. Anim. Ecol. 34: 601-647.
    • (1965) J. Anim. Ecol. , vol.34 , pp. 601-647
    • Perrins, C.M.1
  • 49
    • 0000021619 scopus 로고
    • Reproductive rates in the great tit
    • Perrins, C. M. and Moss, D. 1975. Reproductive rates in the great tit. - J. Anim. Ecol. 44: 695-706.
    • (1975) J. Anim. Ecol. , vol.44 , pp. 695-706
    • Perrins, C.M.1    Moss, D.2
  • 50
    • 0025682618 scopus 로고
    • Intermediate clutches in the starling (Sturnus vulgaris): Replacement clutches, additional clutches of polygynous males or late first clutches?
    • Pinxten, R., Eens, M. and Verheyen, R. F. 1990. Intermediate clutches in the starling (Sturnus vulgaris): replacement clutches, additional clutches of polygynous males or late first clutches? - J. Orn. 131: 141-150.
    • (1990) J. Orn. , vol.131 , pp. 141-150
    • Pinxten, R.1    Eens, M.2    Verheyen, R.F.3
  • 51
    • 0001208040 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Social dominance in birds. Early findings and new horizons
    • Nolan, V. Jr., Ketterson, E. D. and Thompson. C. F. (eds), Plenum Press
    • Piper, W. H. 1997. Social dominance in birds. Early findings and new horizons. - In: Nolan, V. Jr., Ketterson, E. D. and Thompson. C. F. (eds), Current ornithology. Plenum Press, pp. 125-187.
    • (1997) Current Ornithology , pp. 125-187
    • Piper, W.H.1
  • 52
    • 0016233164 scopus 로고
    • Experimental analysis of the social vaule of flocking by starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) in relation to predation and foraging
    • Powell, G. V. N. 1974. Experimental analysis of the social vaule of flocking by starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) in relation to predation and foraging. - Anim. Behav. 22: 501-505.
    • (1974) Anim. Behav. , vol.22 , pp. 501-505
    • Powell, G.V.N.1
  • 53
    • 0024875658 scopus 로고
    • Selection on clutch size in birds
    • Price, T. and Liou, L. 1989. Selection on clutch size in birds. - Am. Nat. 134: 950-959.
    • (1989) Am. Nat. , vol.134 , pp. 950-959
    • Price, T.1    Liou, L.2
  • 54
    • 0024164568 scopus 로고
    • Directional selection and the evolution of breeding date in birds
    • Price, T., Kirkpatrick, M. and Arnold, S. J. 1988. Directional selection and the evolution of breeding date in birds. - Science 240: 798-799.
    • (1988) Science , vol.240 , pp. 798-799
    • Price, T.1    Kirkpatrick, M.2    Arnold, S.J.3
  • 55
    • 16544384561 scopus 로고
    • Danske staeres Sturnus vulgaris traekforhold
    • Rasmussen, L. B. and Zuschlag, A. 1989. Danske staeres Sturnus vulgaris traekforhold [migration of Danish starlings]. - Dansk Orn. Foren. Tidsskr. 83: 45-54.
    • (1989) Dansk Orn. Foren. Tidsskr. , vol.83 , pp. 45-54
    • Rasmussen, L.B.1    Zuschlag, A.2
  • 56
    • 0001560490 scopus 로고
    • Optimal nich space of the redqinged blackbird: Spatial and temporal patterns of nestling acitivity and success
    • Robertson, R. J. 1973. Optimal nich space of the redqinged blackbird: spatial and temporal patterns of nestling acitivity and success. - Ecology 54: 1085-1093.
    • (1973) Ecology , vol.54 , pp. 1085-1093
    • Robertson, R.J.1
  • 57
    • 0003360166 scopus 로고
    • Flyttning, övervintring och livslängd hos fåglar ringmärkta vid Falsterbo (1947-1980)
    • Roos, G. 1984. Flyttning, övervintring och livslängd hos fåglar ringmärkta vid Falsterbo (1947-1980) [Migration, overwintering and length of life in birds ringed at Falsterbo (1947-1980)]. - Anser. suppl. 13: 1-208.
    • (1984) Anser. Suppl. , vol.13 , pp. 1-208
    • Roos, G.1
  • 58
    • 0028174698 scopus 로고
    • Time, condition, and the seasonal decline of avian clutch size
    • Rowe, L., Ludwig, D. and Schluter, D. 1994. Time, condition, and the seasonal decline of avian clutch size. - Am. Nat. 143: 698-722.
    • (1994) Am. Nat. , vol.143 , pp. 698-722
    • Rowe, L.1    Ludwig, D.2    Schluter, D.3
  • 59
    • 0032558133 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Female aggression and the maintenance of monogamy - Female behaviour predicts male mating status in European starlings
    • Sandell, M. I. 1998. Female aggression and the maintenance of monogamy - female behaviour predicts male mating status in European starlings. - Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B 265: 1307-1311.
    • (1998) Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B , vol.265 , pp. 1307-1311
    • Sandell, M.I.1
  • 60
    • 0030479835 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Already mated females constrain male mating success in the European starling
    • Sandell, M. I. and Smith, H. G. 1996. Already mated females constrain male mating success in the European starling. - Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B 38: 743-747.
    • (1996) Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B , vol.38 , pp. 743-747
    • Sandell, M.I.1    Smith, H.G.2
  • 61
    • 0030620663 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Female aggression in the European starling during the breeding season
    • Sandell, M. I. and Smith, H. G. 1997. Female aggression in the European starling during the breeding season. - Anim. Behav. 53: 13-23.
    • (1997) Anim. Behav. , vol.53 , pp. 13-23
    • Sandell, M.I.1    Smith, H.G.2
  • 62
    • 0033042691 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intraspecific brood parasitism: A strategy for floating females in the European starling (Sturnus vulgaris)
    • Sandell, M. I. and Diemer, M. 1998. Intraspecific brood parasitism: a strategy for floating females in the European starling (Sturnus vulgaris). - Anim. Behav. 57: 197-202.
    • (1998) Anim. Behav. , vol.57 , pp. 197-202
    • Sandell, M.I.1    Diemer, M.2
  • 63
    • 0030462328 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Paternal care in the European starling, Sturnus vulgaris: Nestling feeding
    • Sandell, M. I., Smith, H. G. and Bruun, M. 1996. Paternal care in the European starling, Sturnus vulgaris: nestling feeding. - Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 39: 301-309.
    • (1996) Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. , vol.39 , pp. 301-309
    • Sandell, M.I.1    Smith, H.G.2    Bruun, M.3
  • 64
    • 0026063496 scopus 로고
    • Growth rate is negatively correlated with hatch date in black brant
    • Sedinger, J. S. and Flint, P. L. 1991. Growth rate is negatively correlated with hatch date in black brant. - Ecology 72: 496-502.
    • (1991) Ecology , vol.72 , pp. 496-502
    • Sedinger, J.S.1    Flint, P.L.2
  • 65
    • 0000973635 scopus 로고
    • Barn swallow mobbing: Self-defence, collateral kin defence, group defence, or parental care?
    • Shields, W. M. 1984. Barn swallow mobbing: self-defence, collateral kin defence, group defence, or parental care? - Anim. Behav. 32: 132-148.
    • (1984) Anim. Behav. , vol.32 , pp. 132-148
    • Shields, W.M.1
  • 67
    • 0031826332 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Limitation of reproductive success by food availability and breeding time in pied flycatchers
    • Siikamäki, P. 1998. Limitation of reproductive success by food availability and breeding time in pied flycatchers. - Ecology 79: 1789-1796.
    • (1998) Ecology , vol.79 , pp. 1789-1796
    • Siikamäki, P.1
  • 69
    • 0028181572 scopus 로고
    • Polygyny in birds: The role of competition between females for male parental care
    • Slagsvold, T. and Lifjeld, J. T. 1994. Polygyny in birds: the role of competition between females for male parental care. - Am. Nat. 143: 59-94.
    • (1994) Am. Nat. , vol.143 , pp. 59-94
    • Slagsvold, T.1    Lifjeld, J.T.2
  • 70
    • 0028844906 scopus 로고
    • Experimental demonstration of a trade-off between mate attraction and paternal care
    • Smith, H. G. 1995. Experimental demonstration of a trade-off between mate attraction and paternal care. - Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B 260: 45-51.
    • (1995) Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B , vol.260 , pp. 45-51
    • Smith, H.G.1
  • 71
    • 0000892185 scopus 로고
    • Intraspecific variation in migratory pattern of a partial migrant the blue tit Parus caeruleus: An evaluation of current hypotheses
    • Smith, H. G. and Nilsson, J.-Å. 1987. Intraspecific variation in migratory pattern of a partial migrant the blue tit Parus caeruleus: an evaluation of current hypotheses. - Auk 104: 109-115.
    • (1987) Auk , vol.104 , pp. 109-115
    • Smith, H.G.1    Nilsson, J.-Å.2
  • 72
    • 0032448452 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intersexual competition in a polygynous mating system
    • Smith, H. G. and Sandell, M. I. 1998. Intersexual competition in a polygynous mating system. - Oikos 83: 484-495.
    • (1998) Oikos , vol.83 , pp. 484-495
    • Smith, H.G.1    Sandell, M.I.2
  • 73
    • 0027135733 scopus 로고
    • Interclutch variation in egg size among starlings Sturnus vulgaris reflects female condition
    • Smith, H. G., Ottosson, U. and Ohlsson, T. 1993. Interclutch variation in egg size among starlings Sturnus vulgaris reflects female condition. - Ornis Scand. 24: 311-316.
    • (1993) Ornis Scand. , vol.24 , pp. 311-316
    • Smith, H.G.1    Ottosson, U.2    Ohlsson, T.3
  • 74
    • 0028178658 scopus 로고
    • Intrasexual competition among polygynously mated female starlings (Sturnus vulgaris)
    • Smith, H. G., Ottosson, U. and Sandell, M. 1994. Intrasexual competition among polygynously mated female starlings (Sturnus vulgaris). - Behav. Ecol. 5: 57-63.
    • (1994) Behav. Ecol. , vol.5 , pp. 57-63
    • Smith, H.G.1    Ottosson, U.2    Sandell, M.3
  • 75
    • 0028975994 scopus 로고
    • Paternal care in the European starling, Sturnus vulgaris: Incubation
    • Smith, H. G., Sandell, M. I. and Bruun, M. 1995. Paternal care in the European starling, Sturnus vulgaris: incubation. - Anim. Behav. 50: 323-331.
    • (1995) Anim. Behav. , vol.50 , pp. 323-331
    • Smith, H.G.1    Sandell, M.I.2    Bruun, M.3
  • 76
    • 0028181545 scopus 로고
    • Brood size hatching order and hatching date: Effects on four life-history stages from hatching to recruitment in western gulls
    • Spear, L. and Nur, N. 1994. Brood size hatching order and hatching date: effects on four life-history stages from hatching to recruitment in western gulls. - J. Anim. Ecol. 63: 283-298.
    • (1994) J. Anim. Ecol. , vol.63 , pp. 283-298
    • Spear, L.1    Nur, N.2
  • 77
    • 0026324914 scopus 로고
    • Juvenile dispersal in gray jays: Dominant brood member expels sibilings from natal territory
    • Stickland, D. 1991. Juvenile dispersal in gray jays: dominant brood member expels sibilings from natal territory. - Can. J. Zool. 69: 2935-2945.
    • (1991) Can. J. Zool. , vol.69 , pp. 2935-2945
    • Stickland, D.1
  • 78
    • 0024252729 scopus 로고
    • Within-season and age-related patterns of reproductive performance in female tree swallows (Tachycineta bicolor)
    • Stutchbury, B. J. and Robertson, R. J. 1988. Within-season and age-related patterns of reproductive performance in female tree swallows (Tachycineta bicolor). - Can. J. Zool. 66: 827-834.
    • (1988) Can. J. Zool. , vol.66 , pp. 827-834
    • Stutchbury, B.J.1    Robertson, R.J.2
  • 79
    • 0029475982 scopus 로고
    • The effect of breeding synchrony on extra-pair mating systems in song-birds
    • Stutchbury, B. J. and Morton, E. S. 1995. The effect of breeding synchrony on extra-pair mating systems in song-birds. - Behaviour 132: 675-690.
    • (1995) Behaviour , vol.132 , pp. 675-690
    • Stutchbury, B.J.1    Morton, E.S.2
  • 80
    • 0019744115 scopus 로고
    • Foraging decisions in starlings (Sturnus vulgaris L.)
    • Tinbergen, J. M. 1981. Foraging decisions in starlings (Sturnus vulgaris L.). - Ardea 69: 1-67.
    • (1981) Ardea , vol.69 , pp. 1-67
    • Tinbergen, J.M.1
  • 81
    • 6944256540 scopus 로고
    • The starling as a successful forager
    • Wright, E. N., Inglis, I. R. and Feare, C. J. (eds), Croydon
    • Tinbergen, J. M. and Drent, R. H. 1980. The starling as a successful forager. - In: Wright, E. N., Inglis, I. R. and Feare, C. J. (eds), Bird problems in agriculture. Croydon, pp. 83-97.
    • (1980) Bird Problems in Agriculture , pp. 83-97
    • Tinbergen, J.M.1    Drent, R.H.2
  • 82
    • 0022207325 scopus 로고
    • Density dependent survival in an isolated great tit population: Kluyvers data reanalysed
    • Tinbergen, J. M., Balen, J. H. V. and Eck, H. M. V. 1985. Density dependent survival in an isolated great tit population: Kluyvers data reanalysed. - Ardea 73: 38-48.
    • (1985) Ardea , vol.73 , pp. 38-48
    • Tinbergen, J.M.1    Balen, J.H.V.2    Eck, H.M.V.3
  • 83
    • 0028995574 scopus 로고
    • Seasonal decline in reproductive success of the great tit: Variation in time or quality?
    • Verhulst, S., Balen, J. H. v. and Tinbergen, J. M. 1995. Seasonal decline in reproductive success of the great tit: variation in time or quality? - Ecology 76: 2392-2403.
    • (1995) Ecology , vol.76 , pp. 2392-2403
    • Verhulst, S.1    Balen, J.H.V.2    Tinbergen, J.M.3
  • 84
    • 0027099620 scopus 로고
    • Nesting synchrony by female red-winged blackbirds: Effects on predation and breeding success
    • Westneat, D. F. 1992. Nesting synchrony by female red-winged blackbirds: effects on predation and breeding success. - Ecology 73: 2284-2294.
    • (1992) Ecology , vol.73 , pp. 2284-2294
    • Westneat, D.F.1
  • 85
    • 0030304546 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Measuring the impact of parental foraging by starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) on soil invertebrate prey availability: An exclosure experiment
    • Whitehead, S. C., Wright, J. and Cotton, P. A. 1996. Measuring the impact of parental foraging by starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) on soil invertebrate prey availability: an exclosure experiment. - Oikos 76: 511-521.
    • (1996) Oikos , vol.76 , pp. 511-521
    • Whitehead, S.C.1    Wright, J.2    Cotton, P.A.3
  • 86
    • 0002425505 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Statistical analysis of sex ratios: An introduction
    • Hardy, C. W. (ed.), Cambridge Univ. Press
    • Wilson, K. and Hardy, C. W. 2002. Statistical analysis of sex ratios: an introduction. - In: Hardy, C. W. (ed.), Sex ratios, concepts and research methods. Cambridge Univ. Press, pp. 48-92.
    • (2002) Sex Ratios, Concepts and Research Methods , pp. 48-92
    • Wilson, K.1    Hardy, C.W.2
  • 87
    • 0000123894 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The seasonal decline in tree swallow clutch size: Physiological constraint or strategic adjustment?
    • Winkler, D. W. and Allen, P. E. 1996. The seasonal decline in tree swallow clutch size: physiological constraint or strategic adjustment? - Ecology 77: 922-932.
    • (1996) Ecology , vol.77 , pp. 922-932
    • Winkler, D.W.1    Allen, P.E.2
  • 88
    • 0002662758 scopus 로고
    • The adaptive significance of coloniality in birds
    • Farner, D. S., King, J. R. and Parkes, K. C. (eds), Acadmic Press
    • Wittenberger, J. F. and Hunt, G. L. Jr. 1985. The adaptive significance of coloniality in birds. - In: Farner, D. S., King, J. R. and Parkes, K. C. (eds), Avian biology VIII. Acadmic Press, pp. 1 -78.
    • (1985) Avian Biology VIII , pp. 1-78
    • Wittenberger, J.F.1    Hunt Jr., G.L.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.