메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 18, Issue 14, 2005, Pages 2744-2769

The tropical convective spectrum. Part I: Archetypal vertical structures

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ATMOSPHERIC TEMPERATURE; LIGHTNING; METEOROLOGICAL RADAR; PRECIPITATION (METEOROLOGY); RAIN; TROPICS;

EID: 16444383182     PISSN: 08948755     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1175/JCLI3335.1     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (28)

References (37)
  • 1
    • 0034043781 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The manifestation of the Madden-Julian oscillation in global deep convection and in the Schumann resonance intensity
    • Anyamba, E., E. R. Williams, J. Susskind, A. C. Fraser-Smith, and M. Füllerkrug, 2000: The manifestation of the Madden-Julian oscillation in global deep convection and in the Schumann resonance intensity. J. Atmos. Sci., 57, 1029-1044.
    • (2000) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.57 , pp. 1029-1044
    • Anyamba, E.1    Williams, E.R.2    Susskind, J.3    Fraser-Smith, A.C.4    Füllerkrug, M.5
  • 2
    • 0034110613 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Optical Transient Detector (OTD): Instrument characteristics and cross-sensor validation
    • Coauthors
    • Boccippio, D. J., and Coauthors, 2000: The Optical Transient Detector (OTD): Instrument characteristics and cross-sensor validation. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 17, 441-458.
    • (2000) J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol. , vol.17 , pp. 441-458
    • Boccippio, D.J.1
  • 3
    • 0036752015 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Performance assessment of the Optical Transient Detector and Lightning Imaging Sensor. Part I: Predicted diurnal variability
    • Boccippio, D. J., W. Koshak, and R. Blakeslee, 2002: Performance assessment of the Optical Transient Detector and Lightning Imaging Sensor. Part I: Predicted diurnal variability. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 19, 1318-1332.
    • (2002) J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol. , vol.19 , pp. 1318-1332
    • Boccippio, D.J.1    Koshak, W.2    Blakeslee, R.3
  • 4
    • 17044407916 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Three years of TRMM precipitation features. Part I: Radar, radiometric, and lightning characteristics
    • Cecil, D., S. Goodman, D. Boccippio, E. Zipser, and S. Nesbitt, 2005: Three years of TRMM precipitation features. Part I: Radar, radiometric, and lightning characteristics. Mon. Wea. Rev., 133, 543-566.
    • (2005) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.133 , pp. 543-566
    • Cecil, D.1    Goodman, S.2    Boccippio, D.3    Zipser, E.4    Nesbitt, S.5
  • 5
    • 0242376424 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Global frequency and distribution of lightning as observed from space by the Optical Transient Detector
    • Coauthors, doi:10.1029/2002JD002347
    • Christian, H., and Coauthors, 2003: Global frequency and distribution of lightning as observed from space by the Optical Transient Detector. J. Geophys. Res., 108, 4005, doi:10.1029/2002JD002347.
    • (2003) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.108 , pp. 4005
    • Christian, H.1
  • 6
    • 0037106761 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Climatic properties of tropical precipitating convection under varying environmental conditions
    • Del Genio, A. D., and W. Kovari, 2002: Climatic properties of tropical precipitating convection under varying environmental conditions. J. Climate, 15, 2597-2615.
    • (2002) J. Climate , vol.15 , pp. 2597-2615
    • Del Genio, A.D.1    Kovari, W.2
  • 7
    • 0032454225 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The vertical structure of TOGA COARE convection. Part I: Radar echo distributions
    • DeMott, C., and S. Rutledge, 1998a: The vertical structure of TOGA COARE convection. Part I: Radar echo distributions. J. Atmos. Sci., 55, 2730-2747.
    • (1998) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.55 , pp. 2730-2747
    • DeMott, C.1    Rutledge, S.2
  • 8
    • 0032469267 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The vertical structure of TOGA COARE convection. Part II: Modulating influences and implications for diabatic heating
    • DeMott, C., and S. Rutledge, 1998b: The vertical structure of TOGA COARE convection. Part II: Modulating influences and implications for diabatic heating. J. Atmos. Sci., 55, 2730-2747.
    • (1998) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.55 , pp. 2730-2747
    • DeMott, C.1    Rutledge, S.2
  • 9
    • 0035695948 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The variability of tropical precipitation profiles and its impact on microwave brightness temperatures as inferred from TRMM data
    • Fu, Y., and G. Liu, 2001: The variability of tropical precipitation profiles and its impact on microwave brightness temperatures as inferred from TRMM data. J. Appl. Meteor., 40, 2130-2143.
    • (2001) J. Appl. Meteor. , vol.40 , pp. 2130-2143
    • Fu, Y.1    Liu, G.2
  • 10
    • 0035417428 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Overland precipitation estimation from TRMM passive microwave observations
    • Grecu, M., and E. N. Anagnostou, 2001: Overland precipitation estimation from TRMM passive microwave observations. J. Appl. Meteor., 40, 1367-1380.
    • (2001) J. Appl. Meteor. , vol.40 , pp. 1367-1380
    • Grecu, M.1    Anagnostou, E.N.2
  • 11
    • 0033402280 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Separation of convective and stratiform precipitation using microwave brightness temperature
    • Hong, Y., C. D. Kummerow, and W. S. Olson, 1999: Separation of convective and stratiform precipitation using microwave brightness temperature. J. Appl. Meteor., 38, 1195-1213.
    • (1999) J. Appl. Meteor. , vol.38 , pp. 1195-1213
    • Hong, Y.1    Kummerow, C.D.2    Olson, W.S.3
  • 13
    • 0029768948 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The NCEP/NCAR 40-Year Reanalysis Project
    • Coauthors
    • Kalnay, E., and Coauthors, 1996: The NCEP/NCAR 40-Year Reanalysis Project. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 77, 437-471.
    • (1996) Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc. , vol.77 , pp. 437-471
    • Kalnay, E.1
  • 14
    • 0035509041 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The evolution of the Goddard Profiling Algorithm (GPROF) for rainfall estimation from passive microwave sensors
    • Coauthors
    • Kummerow, C., and Coauthors, 2001: The evolution of the Goddard Profiling Algorithm (GPROF) for rainfall estimation from passive microwave sensors. J. Appl. Meteor., 40, 1801-1820.
    • (2001) J. Appl. Meteor. , vol.40 , pp. 1801-1820
    • Kummerow, C.1
  • 15
    • 9444249809 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Toward a global map of raindrop size distributions. Part I: Rain-type classification and its implications for validating global rainfall products
    • L'Ecuyer, T., C. Kummerow, and W. Berg, 2004: Toward a global map of raindrop size distributions. Part I: Rain-type classification and its implications for validating global rainfall products. J. Hydrometeor., 5, 831-849.
    • (2004) J. Hydrometeor. , vol.5 , pp. 831-849
    • L'Ecuyer, T.1    Kummerow, C.2    Berg, W.3
  • 16
    • 23044527431 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The characteristics of tropical precipitation profiles as inferred from satellite radar measurements
    • Liu, G., and Y. Fu, 2001: The characteristics of tropical precipitation profiles as inferred from satellite radar measurements. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 79, 131-143.
    • (2001) J. Meteor. Soc. Japan , vol.79 , pp. 131-143
    • Liu, G.1    Fu, Y.2
  • 17
    • 0034253318 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Environmental variability during TOGA COARE
    • Lucas, C., and E. J. Zipser, 2000: Environmental variability during TOGA COARE. J. Atmos. Sci., 57, 2333-2350.
    • (2000) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.57 , pp. 2333-2350
    • Lucas, C.1    Zipser, E.J.2
  • 18
    • 0034465948 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of the surface reference technique for path attenuation estimates from the TRMM precipitation radar
    • Meneghini, R., T. Iguchi, T. Kozu, L. Liao, K. Okamoto, J. Jones, and J. Kwiatkowski, 2000: Use of the surface reference technique for path attenuation estimates from the TRMM precipitation radar. J. Appl. Meteor., 39, 2053-2070.
    • (2000) J. Appl. Meteor. , vol.39 , pp. 2053-2070
    • Meneghini, R.1    Iguchi, T.2    Kozu, T.3    Liao, L.4    Okamoto, K.5    Jones, J.6    Kwiatkowski, J.7
  • 19
    • 0031401868 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An automated neural network cloud classifier for use over land and ocean surfaces
    • Miller, S. W., and W. J. Emery, 1997: An automated neural network cloud classifier for use over land and ocean surfaces. J. Appl. Meteor., 36, 1346-1362.
    • (1997) J. Appl. Meteor. , vol.36 , pp. 1346-1362
    • Miller, S.W.1    Emery, W.J.2
  • 20
    • 0000032745 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mesoscale convective systems defined by their 85-GHz ice scattering signature: Size and intensity comparison over tropical oceans and continents
    • Mohr, K. I., and E. J. Zipser, 1996: Mesoscale convective systems defined by their 85-GHz ice scattering signature: Size and intensity comparison over tropical oceans and continents. Mon. Wea. Rev., 124, 2417-2437.
    • (1996) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.124 , pp. 2417-2437
    • Mohr, K.I.1    Zipser, E.J.2
  • 21
    • 0032847289 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The contribution to tropical rainfall with respect to convective system type, size, and intensity estimated from the 85-GHz ice-scattering signature
    • Mohr, K. I., J. S. Famiglietti, and E. J. Zipser, 1999: The contribution to tropical rainfall with respect to convective system type, size, and intensity estimated from the 85-GHz ice-scattering signature. J. Appl. Meteor., 38, 596-606.
    • (1999) J. Appl. Meteor. , vol.38 , pp. 596-606
    • Mohr, K.I.1    Famiglietti, J.S.2    Zipser, E.J.3
  • 22
    • 0034351744 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A census of precipitation features in the Tropics using TRMM: Radar, ice scattering, and lightning observations
    • Nesbitt, S. W., E. J. Zipser, and D. J. Cecil, 2000: A census of precipitation features in the Tropics using TRMM: Radar, ice scattering, and lightning observations. J. Climate, 13, 4087-4106.
    • (2000) J. Climate , vol.13 , pp. 4087-4106
    • Nesbitt, S.W.1    Zipser, E.J.2    Cecil, D.J.3
  • 23
    • 0035389923 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A melting-layer model for passive/active microwave remote sensing applications. Part II: Simulation of TRMM observations
    • Olson, W. S., P. Bauer, C. D. Kummerow, Y. Hong, and W.-K. Tao, 2001a: A melting-layer model for passive/active microwave remote sensing applications. Part II: Simulation of TRMM observations. J. Appl. Meteor., 40, 1164-1179.
    • (2001) J. Appl. Meteor. , vol.40 , pp. 1164-1179
    • Olson, W.S.1    Bauer, P.2    Kummerow, C.D.3    Hong, Y.4    Tao, W.-K.5
  • 24
    • 0035441892 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A texture-polarization method for estimating convective-stratiform precipitation area coverage from passive microwave radiometer data
    • Olson, W. S., Y. Hong, C. D. Kummerow, and J. Turk, 2001b: A texture-polarization method for estimating convective-stratiform precipitation area coverage from passive microwave radiometer data. J. Appl. Meteor., 40, 1577-1591.
    • (2001) J. Appl. Meteor. , vol.40 , pp. 1577-1591
    • Olson, W.S.1    Hong, Y.2    Kummerow, C.D.3    Turk, J.4
  • 25
    • 0022825638 scopus 로고
    • Global distribution of midnight lightning: September 1977 to August 1978
    • Orville, R. E., and W. Henderson, 1986: Global distribution of midnight lightning: September 1977 to August 1978. Mon. Wea. Rev., 11, 2640-2653.
    • (1986) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.11 , pp. 2640-2653
    • Orville, R.E.1    Henderson, W.2
  • 26
    • 0032572243 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On the relationship between cloud-to-ground lightning and convective rainfall
    • Petersen, W. A., and S. A. Rutledge, 1998: On the relationship between cloud-to-ground lightning and convective rainfall. J. Geophys. Res., 103, 14 025-14 040.
    • (1998) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.103
    • Petersen, W.A.1    Rutledge, S.A.2
  • 27
    • 0035441116 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regional variability in tropical convection: Observations from TRMM
    • Petersen, W. A., and S. A. Rutledge, 2001: Regional variability in tropical convection: Observations from TRMM. J. Climate, 14, 3566-3586.
    • (2001) J. Climate , vol.14 , pp. 3566-3586
    • Petersen, W.A.1    Rutledge, S.A.2
  • 28
    • 0141573282 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Convection and easterly wave structures observed in the eastern Pacific warm pool during EPIC-2001
    • Petersen, W. A., R. Cifelli, D. Boccippio, S. Rutledge, and C. Fairall, 2003: Convection and easterly wave structures observed in the eastern Pacific warm pool during EPIC-2001. J. Atmos. Sci., 60, 1754-1773.
    • (2003) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.60 , pp. 1754-1773
    • Petersen, W.A.1    Cifelli, R.2    Boccippio, D.3    Rutledge, S.4    Fairall, C.5
  • 29
    • 0026454849 scopus 로고
    • The Down Under Doppler and Electricity Experiment (DUNDEE): Overview and preliminary results
    • Rutledge, S. A., E. R. Williams, and T. D. Keenan, 1992: The Down Under Doppler and Electricity Experiment (DUNDEE): Overview and preliminary results. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 73, 3-16.
    • (1992) Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc. , vol.73 , pp. 3-16
    • Rutledge, S.A.1    Williams, E.R.2    Keenan, T.D.3
  • 30
    • 0037594725 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stratiform rain in the Tropics as seen by the TRMM Precipitation Radar
    • Schumacher, C., and R. A. Houze Jr., 2003a: Stratiform rain in the Tropics as seen by the TRMM Precipitation Radar. J. Climate, 16, 1739-1756.
    • (2003) J. Climate , vol.16 , pp. 1739-1756
    • Schumacher, C.1    Houze Jr., R.A.2
  • 31
    • 0038218860 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The TRMM precipitation radar's view of shallow, isolated rain
    • Schumacher, C., and R. A. Houze Jr., 2003b: The TRMM precipitation radar's view of shallow, isolated rain. J. Appl. Meteor., 42, 1519-1524.
    • (2003) J. Appl. Meteor. , vol.42 , pp. 1519-1524
    • Schumacher, C.1    Houze Jr., R.A.2
  • 32
    • 0035359966 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lightning and SSM/I-ice-scattering mesoscale convective systems in the global Tropics
    • Toracinta, E. R., and E. J. Zipser, 2001: Lightning and SSM/ I-ice-scattering mesoscale convective systems in the global Tropics. J. Appl. Meteor., 40, 983-1002.
    • (2001) J. Appl. Meteor. , vol.40 , pp. 983-1002
    • Toracinta, E.R.1    Zipser, E.J.2
  • 33
    • 0036538208 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Radar, passive microwave, and lightning characteristics of precipitating systems in the Tropics
    • Toracinta, E. R., D. Cecil, E. Zipser, and S. Nesbitt, 2002: Radar, passive microwave, and lightning characteristics of precipitating systems in the Tropics. Mon. Wea. Rev., 130, 802-824.
    • (2002) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.130 , pp. 802-824
    • Toracinta, E.R.1    Cecil, D.2    Zipser, E.3    Nesbitt, S.4
  • 34
    • 0026267622 scopus 로고
    • Ice water path estimation and characterization using passive microwave radiometry
    • Vivekanandan, J., J. Turk, and V. Bringi, 1991: Ice water path estimation and characterization using passive microwave radiometry. J. Appl. Meteor., 30, 1407-1421.
    • (1991) J. Appl. Meteor. , vol.30 , pp. 1407-1421
    • Vivekanandan, J.1    Turk, J.2    Bringi, V.3
  • 36
    • 84925662475 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Contrasting convective regimes over the Amazon: Implications for cloud electrification
    • Coauthors, doi:10.1029/2001JD000380
    • Williams, E. R., and Coauthors, 2002. Contrasting convective regimes over the Amazon: Implications for cloud electrification. J. Geophys. Res., 107, 8082, doi:10.1029/2001JD000380.
    • (2002) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.107 , pp. 8082
    • Williams, E.R.1
  • 37
    • 0028590781 scopus 로고
    • Deep cumulonimbus cloud systems in the Tropics with and without lightning
    • Zipser, E. J., 1994: Deep cumulonimbus cloud systems in the Tropics with and without lightning. Mon. Wea. Rev., 122, 1837-1851.
    • (1994) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.122 , pp. 1837-1851
    • Zipser, E.J.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.