Efficacy of a novel, natural extract of (-)-hydroxycitric acid (HCA-SX) and a combination of HCA-SX, niacin-bound chromium and Gymnema sylvestre extract in weight management in human volunteers: A pilot study

Nutrition Research

Volumn 24, Issue 1, 2004, Pages 45-58

  Preuss, Harry G ^a   Bagchi, Debasis ^b   Bagchi, Manashi ^b   Rao, C V Sanyasi ^c   Satyanarayana, S ^d   Dey, Dipak K ^e  

^a GEORGETOWN UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

^b CREIGHTON UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

^c ASR Academy of Medical Sciences   (India)

^d ANDHRA UNIVERSITY   (India)

^e UNIVERSITY OF CONNECTICUT   (United States)

Author keywords

Garcinia cambogia; Gymnema sylvestre; Lipids; Niacin bound chromium; Obesity; Urinary metabolites

Indexed keywords

ACETALDEHYDE; ACETONE; CALCIUM; CHOLESTEROL; CHROMIUM DERIVATIVE; FORMALDEHYDE; GARCINIA CAMBOGIA EXTRACT; GYMNEMA SYLVESTRE EXTRACT; HIGH DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL; HYDROXYCITRIC ACID; LEPTIN; LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL; MALONALDEHYDE; NICOTINIC ACID; PLACEBO; PLANT EXTRACT; POTASSIUM SALT; SEROTONIN; TRIACYLGLYCEROL; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

ADULT; APPETITE; ARTICLE; BIOLOGICAL MONITORING; BODY MASS; CALORIC INTAKE; CHOLESTEROL BLOOD LEVEL; CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTROLLED STUDY; DOUBLE BLIND PROCEDURE; DRUG EFFICACY; ENERGY CONVERSION; EVALUATION; FEMALE; FOOD INTAKE; GARCINIA CAMBOGIA; GLUCOSE BLOOD LEVEL; GLUCOSE OXIDATION; GYMNEMA SYLVESTRE; HEALTH PROGRAM; HUMAN; HUMAN EXPERIMENT; INSULIN SYNTHESIS; LIPID BLOOD LEVEL; LIPID DEGRADATION; MORBID OBESITY; PHOSPHOLIPID SYNTHESIS; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN BLOOD LEVEL; RANDOMIZATION; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; SEROTONIN BLOOD LEVEL; TRIACYLGLYCEROL BLOOD LEVEL; WALKING; WEIGHT REDUCTION;

GARCINIA; GARCINIA CAMBOGIA; GYMNEMA; GYMNEMA SYLVESTRE;

EID: 1642554327     PISSN: 02715317     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2003.09.007     Document Type: Article

References (46)

1. Jequier E. Pathways to obesity. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 260:2002;S12-S17.
2. Cole T.J., Bellizzi M.C., Flegal K.M., Dietz W.H. Establishing a standard definition for child overweight and obesity worldwide International survey . Br Med J. 320:2000;1240-1243.
3. Roberts S.B., McCrory M.A., Saltzman E. The influence of dietary composition on energy intake and body weight. J Am Coll Nutr. 21:2002;140S-145S.
4. Ogden C.L., Flegal K.M., Carroll M.D., Johnson C.L. Prevalence and trends in overweight among US children and adolescents, 1999-2000. JAMA. 288:2002;1728-1732.
5. World Health Organization. Report: Controlling the global obesity epidemic. Available at www.who.int/nut/obs.htm. Updated August 15, 2003.
6. Popkin B.M., Paeratakul S., Zhai F., Keyou G. A review of dietary and environmental correlates of obesity with emphasis on developing countries. Obes Res. 3:1995;145S-153S.
7. Sullivan A.C., Triscari J., Cheng L. Appetite regulation by drugs and endogenous substances. Curr Concep Nutr. 12:1983;139-167.
8. Haller C.A., Benowitz N.L. Adverse cardiovascular and central nervous system events associated with dietary supplements containing ephedra alkaloids. N Engl J Med. 343:2000;1833-1838.
9. Clouatre, D, Rosenbaum, M. The diet and health benefits of HCA. A Keats Good Health Guide. pp. 9, 1994.
10. Sergio W. A natural food, the malabar tamarind, may be effective in the treatment of obesity. Med Hypotheses. 27:1988;39-40.
11. Jena B.S., Jayaprakasha G.K., Singh R.P., Sakariah K.K. Chemistry and biochemistry of (-)-hydroxycitric acid from Garcinia. J Agric Food Chem. 50:2002;10-22.
12. Lowenstein J.M. Effect of (-)-hydroxycitrate on fatty acid synthesis by rat liver in vivo. J Biol Chem. 246:1971;629-632.
13. Sullivan A.C., Triscari J., Hamilton J.G., Miller O.N., Wheatley V.R. Effect of (-)-hydroxycitrate upon the accumulation of lipid in the rat. I. lipogenesis. Lipids. 9:1974;121-128.
14. Sullivan A.C., Triscari J., Hamilton J.G., Miller O.N. Effect of (-)-hydroxycitrate upon the accumulation of lipid in the rat. II. appetite. Lipids. 9:1974;129-134.
15. Triscari J., Sullivan A.C. Anti-obesity activity of a novel lipid synthesis inhibitor. Int J Obes. 8:1984;227-239.
16. Ramos R.R., Saenz J.L.S., Aguilar R.J.A. Extract of Garcinia cambogia in controlling obesity. Investigacion Medica Internacional. 22:1995;97-100.
17. Mattes D.R., Bormann L. Effects of (-)-Hydroxycitric Acid on Appetitive Variables. Physiol Behav. 71:2000;87-94.
18. Leonhardt M., Hrupka B., Langhans W. Effect of hydroxycitrate on food intake and body weight regain after a period of restrictive feeding in male rats. Physiol Behav. 74:2001;191-196.
19. Westerterp-Plantenga M.S., Kovacs E.M.R. The effect of (-) -hydroxycitrate on energy intake and satiety in overweight humans. Int J Obes. 26:2002;870-872.
20. Shara, M, Ohia, SE, Yasmin, T, Zardetto-Smith, A, Kincaid, A, Bagchi, M, Chatterjee, A, Bagchi, D, Stohs, SJ. Dose- and time-dependent effects of a novel (-)-hydroxycitric acid extract on body weight, hepatic and testicular lipid peroxidation, DNA fragmentation and histopathological data over a period of 90 days. Mol Cell Biochem (in press).
21. Ohia S.E., Opere C.A., LeDay A.M., Bagchi M., Bagchi D., Stohs S.J. Safety and mechanism of appetite suppression by a novel hydroxycitric acid extract (HCA-SX). Mol Cell Biochem. 238:2002;89-103.
22. Loe Y.C., Bergeron N., Rodriguez N., Schwarz J.M. Gas chromatography/ mass spectrometry method to quantify blood hydroxycitrate concentration. Anal Biochem. 292:2001;148-154.
23. Crawford V., Scheckenbach R., Preuss H.G. Effects of niacin-bound chromium supplementation on body composition in overweight African-American women. Diab Obes Metab. 1:1999;331-337.
24. Grant K.E., Chandler R.M., Castle A.L., Ivy J.L. Chromium and exercise training effect on obese women . Med Sci Sports Exer. 29:1997;992-998.
25. Preuss H.G., Montamarry S., Echard B., Scheckenbach R., Bagchi D. Long-term effects of chromium, grape seed extract, and zinc on various metabolic parameters of rats. Mol Cell Biochem. 223:2001;95-102.
26. Prakash A.O., Mathur S., Mathur R. Effect of feeding Gymnema sylvestre leaves on blood glucose in beryllium nitrate treated rats. J Ethnopharmacol. 18:1986;143-146.
27. Ninomiya Y., Imoto T. Gurmarin inhibition of sweet taste responses in mice. Am J Physiol. 268:1995;R1019-R1025.
28. Preuss H.G., Jarrell S.T., Scheckenbach R., Lieberman S., Anderson R.A. Comparative effects of chromium, vanadium and Gymnema sylvestre on sugar-induced blood pressure elevations in SHR. J Am Coll Nutr. 17:1998;116-123.
29. Shanmugasundaram E.R.B., Rajeswari G., Baskaran K., Kumar B.R.R., Shanmugasundaram K.R., Ahmath B.K. Use of Gymnema sylvestre leaf extract in the control of blood in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. J Ethnopharmacol. 30:1990;281-294.
30. Ohia S.E., Awe O., LeDay A.M., Opere C.A., Bagchi D. Effect of hydroxycitric acid on serotonin release from isolated rat brain cortex. Res Commun Mol Pathol Pharmacol. 109:2001;210-216.
31. Shara M.A., Dickson P.H., Bagchi D., Stohs S.J. Excretion of formaldehyde, malondialdehyde, acetaldehyde and acetone in the urine of rats in response to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin, paraquat, endrin and carbon tetrachloride. J Chromatogr. 576:1992;221-233.
32. Committee for Proprietary Medicinal Products. Note for Guidance on Clinical Investigation of Drugs Used in Weight Control. London, England: The European Agency for the Evaluation of Medical Products; 1997.
33. Montgomery D.C. Design and analysis of experiments, 5th ed. 2001;John Wiley & Sons, Inc, New York.
34. Littell R.C., Stroup W.W., Freund R.J. SAS for linear models, 4th ed. 2002;SAS Institute Inc, Cary, NC.
35. CNN.com.Health. Report: Dietary supplement warning system lacking. Available at www.cnn.com. Accessed February 25, 2003.
36. Heymsfield S.B., Allison D.B., Vasselli J.R., Pietrobelli A., Greenfield D., Nunez C. Garcinia cambogia (hydroxycitric acid) as a potential antiobesity agent a randomized controlled trial . JAMA. 280:1998;1596-1600.
37. Dagogo-Jack S. Human leptin regulation and promise in pharmacotherapy. Curr Drug Targets. 2:2001;181-195.
38. Adeyemi E., Abdulle A. A comparison of plasma leptin levels in obese and lean individuals in the United Arab emirates. Nutr Res. 20:2000;157-166.
39. Lerario D.D.G., Ferreira S.R.G., Miranda W.L., Chacra A.R. Influence of dexamethasone and weight loss on the regulation of serum leptin levels in obese individuals. Braz J Med Biol Res. 34:2001;479-487.
40. Levy J.R., Gyarmati J., Lesko J.M., Adler R.A., Stevens W. Dual regulation of leptin secretion intracellular energy and calcium dependence of regulated pathway . Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 278:2000;E892-E901.
41. Leibowitz S.F., Alexander J.T. Hypothalamic serotonin in control of eating behavior, meal size, and body weight. Biol Psychiatry. 44:1988;851-864.
42. Casper R.C. Serotonin, a major player in the regulation of feeding and affect. Biol Psychiatry. 44:1998;795-797.
43. Dhanakoti S.N., Draper H.H. Response of urinary malondialdehyde to factors that stimulate lipid peroxidation in vivo. Lipids. 22:1987;643-646.
44. Foster D.W. Diabetes mellitus. Braunwald E., Isselbacher K.J., Petersdorf R.G., Wilson J.D., Martin J.B., Fauci A.S. Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine. 11th :1987;1778-1796 McGraw-Hill, New York, NY.
45. Winters D.K., Clejan L.A., Cederbaum A.I. Oxidation of glycerol to formaldehyde by rat liver microsomes. Biochem Biophy Res Commun. 153:1988;612-617.
46. Winters D.K., Cederbaum A.I. Oxidation of glycerol to formaldehyde by rat liver microsomes. Effects of cytochrome P-450 inducing agents. Biochem Pharmacol. 39:1990;697-705.