Soil characteristics and clay mineralogy of two subalpine forest Spodosols with clay accumulation in Taiwan

Soil Science

Volumn 169, Issue 1, 2004, Pages 66-80

  Liu, Jen Chyi ^a   Chen, Zueng Sang ^b  

^a TAIWAN AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE   (Taiwan)

^b NATIONAL TAIWAN UNIVERSITY   (Taiwan)

Author keywords

Clay accumulation; Clay mineralogy; Podzolization; Soil micromorphology; Spodic horizon; Spodosols; Weathering sequence

Indexed keywords

CLAY MINERAL; FOREST SOIL; PODZOLIZATION; SPODOSOL;

ASIA; EURASIA; FAR EAST; TAIWAN;

EID: 1642546485     PISSN: 0038075X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/01.ss.0000112013.97541.74     Document Type: Article

References (68)

1. Adams, W. A. 1976. Experimental evidence on the origin of vermiculite in soils on lower Palaeozoic sediments. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 40:793-796.
2. Alekseyev, V. Y. 1983. Mineralogical analysis for the determination of podzolization, lessivage and argillation. Sov. Soil Sci. 15:21-28.
3. Barnhisel, R. I., and P. M. Bertsch. 1982. Aluminum. In Methods of soil analysis, Part 2. Chemical and Microbiological Properties, 2nd Ed. Agronomy monogr. No. 9. A.L. Page et al. (eds.). ASA and SSSA, Madison, WI, pp. 275-300.
4. Barnhisel, R. I., and P. M. Bertsch. 1989. Chlorites and hydroxy-interlayered vermiculite and smectite. In Minerals in Soil Environments. 2nd Ed. J.B. Dixon and S.B. Weed (eds.). SSSA, Madison, WI, pp. 729-779.
5. Brewer, R. 1964. Fabric and Mineral Analysis of Soils. John Wiley & Sons, New York.
6. Brindley, G. W. 1980. Quantitative X-ray mineral analysis of clays. In Crystal Structures of Clay Minerals and Their X-ray Identification. G.W. Brindley and G. Brown (eds.). Mineralogical Society, London, pp. 411-438.
7. Bullock, P., N. Fedoroff, A. Jongerius, G. Stoops, and T. Tursina. 1985. Handbook for Soil Thin Section Description. Waine Research Publications, Wolverhamption, UK.
8. Chang, J. M. 1971. Clay mineralogy and related chemical properties of podzolic soils in Taiwan. J. Chin. Agric. Chem. Soc. 9:36-48 (in Chinese, with English abstract and table).
9. Chen, P. Y. 1969. Primary research of clay mineral distribution in Taiwan. Newsletter of Soil and Fertilizer 218:1023-1025.
10. Chen, P. Y. 1973. Clay minerals and their distribution in Taiwan. Geology 1:41-52 (in Chinese, with English abstract and table).
11. Chen, P. Y. 1977. Table of key lines in X-ray powder diffraction patterns of minerals in clays and associated roaks. Printed by the authority of the state of Indiana, Bloomington, IN.
12. Chen, Z. S. 1990. Spodosols of Taiwan. In Proc. 5th Int. Soil Correlation Mtg. (V-ISCOM): Characterization, Classification and Utilization of Spodosols. J. M. Kimble and R. D. Yeck (eds.). USDA-SCS and Soil Management Support Service. Lincoln, NE, pp. 74-87.
13. Chen, Z. S., J. C. Liu, and H. C. Chiang. 1995. Soil properties, clay mineralogy, and genesis of some alpine forest soils in the Ho-Huan Mountain area of Taiwan. J. Chin. Agric. Chem. Soc. 33:1-17.
14. Chen, Z. S., K. C. Lin, and J. M. Chang. 1989. Soil characteristics, pedogenesis, and classification of Beichateinshan Podzolic soils, Taiwan. J. Chin. Agric. Chem. Soc. 27:145-155.
15. Chiang, H. C., M. K. Wang, K. H. Houng, G. N. White, and J. B. Dixon. 1999. Mineralogy of B horizons in alpine forest soils of Taiwan. Soil Sci. 164:111-122.
16. Chiang, H. C., Z. S. Chen, G. C. Lin and F. W. Horng. 1993. Morphology, Properties, and Classification of Forest Soils in High Mountains of Taiwan. Taiwan Forestry Research Institute, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.
17. Clayden, D., B. K. Daly, R. Lee, and G. Mew. 1990. The nature, occurrence and genesis of placic horizons. In Proc. 5th Int. Soil Correlation Mtg. (V ISCOM): Characterization, Classification and Utilization of Spodosols. J.M. Kimble and R.D. Yeck (eds.). USDA-SCS and Soil Management Support Service. Lincoln, NE, pp. 88-104.
18. Condron, M. A. and M. C. Rabenhorst. 1994. Micromorphology of spodic horizons in a Psamment-Aquod toposequence on the Atlantic coastal plain of Maryland. In Soil Micromorphology: Studies in Management and Genesis. Proc. IX Int. Working Mtg. on Soil Micromorphology, Townsville, Australia, 1992. A. J. Ringrose-Voase and G. S. Humphreys (eds.). Developments in Soil Science 22, Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp. 179-186.
19. Daly, B. K. 1982. Identification of podzols and podzolized soils in New Zealand by relative absorbance of oxalate extracts of A and B horizons. Geoderma 28:29-38.
20. De Coninck, F. 1980. Major mechanisms in the formation of spodic horizons. Geoderma 24:101-128.
21. De Coninck, F., and J. A. McKeague. 1985. Micromorphology of Spodosols. In Soil Micromorphology and Soil Classification. L.A. Douglas and M.L. Thompson (eds.). SSSA, Madison, WI, pp. 121-144.
22. Fanning, D. S., V. Z. Keramidas, and M. A. El-Desoky. 1989. Micas. In Minerals in Soil Environments. J.B. Dixon and S.B. Weed (eds.). SSSA, Madison, WI, pp. 551-634.
23. Farmer, V. C. 1982. Significance of the presence of allophane and imogolite in Podzol Bs horizons for podzolization mechanism: A review. Soil Sci. Plant Nutr. 28:571-578.
24. Freeland, J. A., and C. V. Evans. 1993. Genesis and profile development of Success soil, Northern New Hampshire. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 57:183-191.
25. Fridland, V. M. 1958. Podzolization and illimerization (clay migration). Sov. Soil Sci. 1:24-32.
26. Gee, G. W. and J. W. Bauder. 1986. Partical size analysis. In Methods of Soil Analysis, Part 1. Physical and Mineralogical Methods, 2nd Ed. Agronomy monogr. No. 9. A. Klute (ed.). ASA and SSSA, Madison, WI., pp. 383-411.
27. Gjems, O. 1963. A swelling dioctahedral clay mineral of a vermiculite-smectite type in the weathering horizons of podzols. Clay Miner. Bull. 5:183-193.
28. Gjems, O. 1970. Mineralogical composition and pedogenic weathering of the clay fraction in podzol soil profiles in Zalesine, Yugoslavia. Soil Sci. 110:237-243.
29. Guillet, B., J. Rouiller, and B. Souchier. 1975. Podzolization and clay migration in Spodosols of eastern France. Geoderma 14:223-245.
30. Harris, W. G., V. W. Carlisle, and K. C. J. Van Rees. 1987. Pedon zonation of hydroxy-interlayered minerals in Ultic Haplaquods. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 51:1367-1372.
31. Harris, W. G., and Hollien, K. A. 1999. Changes in quantity and composition of crystalline clay across E-Bh boundaries of Alaquods. Soil Sci. 164:602-608.
32. Hseu, Z. Y., C. W. Lin, C. C. Tsai, and Z. S. Chen. 2004. Transitional soil characteristics between Ultisols and Spodosols in the subalpine forest of Taiwan. Geoderma (revised).
33. Ismail, F. T. 1970. Biotite weathering and clay formation in arid and humid region, California. Soil Sci. 109:257-261.
34. Jakobsen, B. H. 1991. Multiple processes in the formation of subarctic podzols in Greenland. Soil Sci. 152:414-426.
35. Johns, W. D., R. E. Grim, and W. F. Bradley. 1954. Quantitative estimation o f clay minerals by diffraction methods. J. Sediment. Petrol. 24:242-251.
36. King, H. B. 1990. Genesis and classification of soils developed under the Yusan cane (Yushania niitakayamensis) grassland in the western Taroko National Park. Project report of Taroko National Park. Taiwan Forestry Research Institute, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.
37. King, H. B. 1993. Pedogenesis and classification of soils developed under Taiwan Fir (Abies kawakamii) forest in the Ho-Huan mountain area. Q. J. Chin. For. 26:15-29.
38. Kittrick, J. A. 1971. Montmorillonite equilibria and the weathering environment. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. Proc. 35:815-820.
39. Li, S. Y., Z. S. Chen, and J. C. Liu. 1998a. Subalpine loamy Spodosols in Taiwan: Characteristics, micromorphology, and genesis. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 62:710-716.
40. Li, S. Y., Z. S. Chen, and J. C. Liu. 1998b. Weathering sequence of clay minerals in loamy Spodosols of central Taiwan. J. Agric. Assoc. China 183:51-68.
41. Lin, C. W., Z. Y. Hseu, and Z. S. Chen. 2002. Clay mineralogy of Spodosols with fine textures in the subalpine forest soils of Taiwan. Clays Clay Miner. 50:726-735.
42. Liu, J. C., J. H. Yang, H. C. Chiang, H. Y. Guo, and Z. S. Chen. 1994. Properties, clay mineralogy and pedogenic processes of two mountain forest soils in Chi-Lan Area, Taiwan. J. Chin. Agric. Chem. Soc. 32:612-626 (in Chinese, with English abstract and table).
43. Liu, J. C., and Z. S. Chen. 1998. Soil characteristics and pedogenesis of loamy Spodosols near Wanghsiang mountain in central Taiwan. J. Chin. Agric. Chem. Soc. 36:151-162.
44. Liu, J. C., and Z. S. Chen. 2002. Characterization and genesis of Loamy Spodosols in subalpine forest soils of central Taiwan. In Proceedings of the 17th World Congress of Soil Science, August 14-21, 2002, Bangkok, Thailand, p. 968.
45. Liu, J. T. and Z. S. Chen. 1990. Characteristics, genesis and classification of podzolic soils in Tamanshan mountain, northern Taiwan. J. Chin. Agric. Chem. Soc. 28: 148-159 (in Chinese, with English abstract and table).
46. Loveland, P. J., and P. Digby. 1984. The extraction of Fe and Al by 0.1 M pyrophosphate solutions: A comparison of some techniques. J. Soil Sci. 35:243-250.
47. Malcolm, R. L., W. D. Nettleton, and R. J. McCracken. 1969. Pedogenic formation of montmorillonite from a 2:1-2:2 intergrade clay mineral. Clays Clay Miner. 16:405-414.
48. McKeague, J. A., and J. H. Day. 1966. Dithionite and oxalate extractable Fe and Al as acids in different various classes of soils. Can. J. Soil Sci. 46:13-22.
49. McKeague, J. A., F. De Coninck, and D. P. Franzmeier. 1983. Spodosols. In Pedogenesis and Soil Taxonomy, Vol. II. The Soil Orders. L.P. Wilding, N.E. Smeck, and G.F. Hall (eds.). Elsevier Sci. Publ. Comp., New York, pp. 217-252.
50. McLean, E. O. 1982. Soil pH and lime requirement. In Methods of Soil Analysis, Part 2, 2nd Ed. Chemical and Microbiological Properties. Agronomy monogr. No. 9. A.L. Page et al. (eds.). ASA and SSSA, Madison, WI, pp. 199-224.
51. McSweeney, K., and E. A. FitzPatrick. 1990. Microscopic characterization of the Spodic horizon. In Proc. 5th Int. Soil Correlation Meeting (V-ISCOM): Characterization, Classification and Utilization of Spodosols. J.M. Kimble and R.D. Yeck (eds.). USDA-SCS and Soil Management Support Service, pp. 211-220.
52. Mehra, O. P., and M. L. Jackson. 1960. Iron oxides removed from soils and clays by a dithionite-citrate system buffered with sodium bicarbonate. Clays Clay Miner 7:317-327.
53. Miller, B. J. 1983. Ultisols. In Pedogenesis and soil taxonomy: Vol. II. The Soil Orders. L.P. Wilding, N.E. Smeck, and G.F. Hall (eds.). Elsevier Sci. Publ. Comp., New York, pp. 283-323.
54. Mokma, D. L. 1993. Color and amorphous materials in Spodosols from Michigan. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 57:125-138.
55. Nelson, D. W., and L. E. Sommers. 1982. Total carbon, organic carbon, and organic matter. In Methods of Soil Analysis, Part 2, 2nd Ed. Chemical and Microbiological Properties. Agron. Monogr. No. 9. A. L. Page et al. (eds.). ASA and SSSA. Madison, WI, pp. 539-577.
56. Rich, C. I. 1968. Hydroxy interlayers in expansible layer silicates. Clays Clay Miner 16:15-30.
57. Ross, G. J. 1975. Experimental alteration of chlorites into vermiculite by chemical oxidation. Nature 255:133-134.
58. Ross, G. J., C. Wang, and H. Kodama. 1990. Mineralogy of Spodosols. In Proc. 5th Int. Soil Correlation Mtg. (V-ISCOM): Characterization, Classification and Utilization of Spodosols. J.M. Kimble and R.D. Yeck (eds.). USDA-SCS and Soil Management Support Service, pp. 289-302.
59. Ross, G. J., and H. Kodama. 1974. Experimental transformation of a chlorite into a vermiculite. Clays Clay Miner 22:205-211.
60. Ross, G. J., and M. M. Mortland. 1966. A soil beidellite. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. Proc. 30:337-343.
61. Rourke, R. V. 1991. ICOMOD Circular Letter No. 10. International Committee on the Classification of Spodosols. Soil Conservation Service, USDA.
62. Sawhney, B. L. 1989. Interstratification in layer silicates. In Minerals in Soil Environments. J.B. Dixon and S.B. Weed (eds.). SSSA, Madison, WI, pp. 789-828.
63. Soil Survey Staff. 1993. Examination and Description of Soils. Soil Survey Manual. USDA Handbook No. 18. USDA-SCS, Washington, DC, pp. 59-196.
64. Soil Survey Staff. 1999. Soil taxonomy: A basic system of soil classification for making and interpreting soil surveys, 2nd Ed. USDA, Agric. Handbook No. 436. US Govt. Print. Office, Washington, DC.
65. Thomas, G. W. 1982. Exchangeable cation. In Methods of Soil Analysis, Part 2. Chemical and Microbiological Properties, 2nd Ed. Agronomy Monogr. No. 9. A.L. Page et al. (eds.). ASA and SSSA, Madison, WI, pp. 149-157.
66. Vicente, M. A., M. Razzaghe, and M. Robert. 1977. Formation of aluminum hydroxy vermiculite (intergrade) and smectite from mica under acidic conditions. Clay Miner. 12:101-112.
67. Wang, C., G. J. Ross, and R. Protz. 1989. Effect of crystalline iron oxides on development and classification of podzolic soils in western Labrador, New Foundland. Soil Sci. Soc Am. J. 53:870-875.
68. Wang, C., and J. A. McKeague. 1982. Illuviated clay in sandy podzolic soils of New Brunswick. Can. J. Soil Sci. 62:79-89.