Length, frequency, and predictability effects of words on eye movements in reading

European Journal of Cognitive Psychology

Volumn 16, Issue 1-2, 2004, Pages 262-284

  Kliegl, Reinhold ^a   Grabner, Ellen ^a   Rolfs, Martin ^a   Engbert, Ralf ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF POTSDAM   (Germany)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADULT; AGE; AGED; CONFERENCE PAPER; EYE FIXATION; EYE MOVEMENT; EYE MOVEMENT CONTROL; GAZE; HUMAN; HUMAN EXPERIMENT; NORMAL HUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; READING; RESPONSE TIME; STATISTICAL ANALYSIS; WORD RECOGNITION;

EID: 1642499347     PISSN: 09541446     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/09541440340000213     Document Type: Conference Paper

References (42)

1. Abel, L. A., Troost, B. T., & Dell'Osso, L. F. (1983). The effects of age on normal saccade characteristics and their variability. Vision Research, 23, 33-37.
2. Baayen, R. H., Piepenbrock, R., & van Rijn, H. (1993). The CELEX lexical database (Release 1) [CD-ROM]. Philadelphia, PA: Linguistic Data Consortium, University of Pennsylvania [Distributor].
3. Binder, K. S., Pollatsek, A., & Rayner, K. (1999). Extraction of information to the left of the fixated word in reading. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 25, 1162-1172.
4. Blanchard, H. E. (1985). A comparison of some processing measures based on eye movements. Acta Psychologica, 58, 1-15.
5. Brysbaert, M., & Vitu, F. (1998). Word skipping: Implications for theories of eye movement control in reading. In G. Underwood (Ed.), Eye guidance in reading and scene perception (pp. 125-147). Amsterdam: Elsevier.
6. Calvo, M. G., & Meseguer, E. (2002). Eye movements and processing stages in reading: Relative contribution of visual, lexical, and contextual factors. Spanish Journal of Psychology, 5, 66-77.
7. Cohen, J., & Cohen, P. (1975). Applied multiple regression/correlation analysis for the behavioral sciences. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.
8. Duncan, O. D. (1975). Introduction to structural equation models. New York: Academic Press.
9. Engbert, R., & Kliegl, R. (2001). Mathematical models of eye movements in reading: A possible role for autonomous saccades. Biological Cybernetics, 85, 77-87.
10. Engbert, R., & Kliegl, R. (2003). Microsaccades uncover the orientation of covert attention. Vision Research, 43, 1035-1045.
11. Engbert, R., Longtin, A., & Kliegl, R. (2002). A dynamical model of saccade generation in reading based on spatially distributed lexical processing. Vision Research, 42, 621-636.
12. Gautier, V., O'Regan, J. K., & Le Gargasson, J. F. (2000). "The-skipping" revisited in French: Programming saccades to skip the article "les". Vision Research, 40, 2517-2531.
13. Grainger, J., O'Regan, K., Jacobs, A. M., & Sequi, J. (1992). Neighborhood frequency effects and letter visibility in visual word recognition. Perception and Psychophysics, 51, 49-56.
14. Henderson, J. M., & Ferreira, F. (1993). Eye movement control during reading: Fixation measures reflect foveal but not parafoveal processing difficulty. Canadian Journal of Experimental Psychology, 47, 201-222.
15. Hyönä, J., & Olson, R. K. (1995). Eye movement patterns among dyslexic and normal readers: Effects of word length and word frequency. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 21, 1430-1440.
16. Inhoff, A. W., Radach, R., Eiter, B. M., & Juhasz, B. (2003). Distinct subsystems for the parafoveal processing of spatial and linguistic information during eye fixations in reading. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 56A, 803-827.
17. Inhoff, A. W., & Eiter, B. (2003). Knowledge of word length does not constrain word identification. Psychological Research, 67, 1-9.
18. Just, M. A., & Carpenter, P. A. (1980). A theory of reading: From eye fixations to comprehension. Psychological Review, 87, 329-354.
19. Kennedy, A., Pynte, J., & Ducrot, S. (2002). Parafoveal-on-foveal interactions in word recognition. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 55A, 1307-1337.
20. Kennison, S. M., & Clifton, C. (1995). Determinants of parafoveal preview benefit in high and low working memory capacity readers: Implications for eye movement control. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning. Memory, and Cognition, 21, 68-81.
21. Kliegl, R., Olson, R. K., & Davidson, B. J. (1982). Regression analyses as a tool for studying reading processes: Comments on Just and Carpenter's eye fixation theory. Memory and Cognition, 10, 287-296.
22. Kliegl, R., Olson, R. K., & Davidson, B. J. (1983). On problems of unconfounding perceptual and language processes. In K. Rayner (Ed.), Eye movements in reading: Perceptual and language processes (pp. 333-343). New York: Academic Press.
23. Lehrl, S. (1977). Mehrfach-Wortschatz-Test Form B [Multiple-choice vocabulary test]. Erlangen, Germany: Perimed.
24. Lorch, R. F., & Myers, J. L. (1990). Regression analyses of repeated measures data in cognitive research. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Language, Memory, and Cognition, 16, 149-157.
25. Mayr, U., Spieler, D., & Kliegl, R. (Eds.). (2001). Ageing and executive control. European Journal of Cognitive Psychology, 13 (Whole no. 1/2).
26. McConkie, G. W., Kerr, P. W., Reddix, M. D., & Zola, D. (1988). Eye movement control during reading: I. The location of initial eye fixations on words. Vision Research, 28, 1107-1118.
27. O'Regan, J. K., & Lévy-Schoen, A. (1987). Eye movement strategy and tactics in word recognition and reading. Attention and Performance, 12, 363-383.
28. Radach, R., & Heller, D. (2000). Relations between spatial and temporal aspects of eye movement control. In A. Kennedy, R. Radach, D. Heller, & J. Pynte (Eds.), Reading as a perceptual process (pp. 165-192). Oxford, UK: Elsevier.
29. Radach, R., & McConkie, G. W. (1998). Determinants of fixation positions in words during reading. In G. Underwood (Ed.), Eye guidance in reading and scene perception (pp. 77-100). Amsterdam: Elsevier.
30. Rayner, K. (1979). Eye guidance in reading: Fixation location within words. Perception, 8, 21-30.
31. Rayner, K. (1998). Eye movements in reading and information processing: 20 years of research. Psychological Bulletin, 124, 372-422.
32. Rayner, K., Binder, K. S., Ashby, J., & Pollatsek, A. (2001). Eye movement control in reading: Word predictability has little influence on initial landing positions in words. Vision Research, 41, 943-954.
33. Rayner, K., Sereno, S. C., & Raney, G. E. (1996). Eye movement control in reading: A comparison of two types of models. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 27, 1188-1200.
34. Rayner, K., & Well, A. D. (1996). Effects of contextual constraints on eye movements in reading: A further examination. Psychonomic Bulletin and Review, 3, 504-509.
35. Reichle, E. D., Pollatsek, A., Fisher, D. L., & Rayner, K. (1998). Toward a model of eye movement control in reading. Psychological Review, 105, 125-157.
36. Reichle, E. D., Rayner, K., & Pollatsek, A. (1999). Eye movement control in reading: Accounting for initial fixation locations and refixations within the E-Z Reader model. Vision Research, 39, 4403-4411.
37. Reichle, E. D., Rayner, K., & Pollatsek, A. (in press). The E-Z Reader model of eye movement control in reading: Comparisons to other models. Behavioral and Brain Sciences.
38. Schilling, H. E. H., Rayner, K., & Chumbley, J. I. (1998). Comparing naming, lexical decision, and eye fixation times: Word frequency effects and individual differences. Memory and Cognition, 26, 1270-1281.
39. Solan, H. A., Feldman, J., & Tujak, L. (1995). Developing visual and reading efficiency in older adults. Optometry and Vision Science, 72, 139-145.
40. Vitu, F., & McConkie, G. W. (2000). Regressive saccades and word perception in adult reading. In A. Kennedy, R. Radach, D. Heller, & J. Pynte (Eds.), Reading as a perceptual process (pp. 301-326). Amsterdam: Elsevier.
41. Vitu, F., McConkie, G. W., Kerr, P. W., & O'Regan, J. K. (2001). Fixation location effects on fixation duration during reading: An inverted optimal viewing position effect. Vision Research, 41, 3513-3533.
42. Wechsler, D. (1964). Der Hamburg Wechsler Intelligenztest für Erwachsene (HAWIE). Bern, Switzerland: Huber.