Modelling the spatial distribution of present-day deformation in Nepal: How cylindrical is the Main Himalayan Thrust in Nepal?

Geophysical Journal International

Volumn 156, Issue 1, 2004, Pages 94-114

  Berger, Antoine ^a   Jouanne, François ^a   Hassani, Riad ^a   Mugnier, Jean Louis ^b  

^a UNIVERSITÉ DE SAVOIE   (France)

^b UNIVERSITÉ GRENOBLE ALPES   (France)

Author keywords

Collision belts; Continental deformation; Fault models; Himalaya; Nepal; Rheology; Stress distribution; Uplift; Viscoelasticity

Indexed keywords

COLLISION ZONE; GEODYNAMICS; RHEOLOGY; SEISMICITY; TECTONIC SETTING; THRUST;

ASIA; EURASIA; HIMALAYAS; NEPAL; SOUTH ASIA;

EID: 1642481131     PISSN: 0956540X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-246X.2004.02038.x     Document Type: Article

References (38)

1. Agarwal, R.P., Prasad, D.N., Samanta, U., Berry, C.M. & Sharma, J., 1994. Hydrocarbon potential of Siwalik basin, in Siwalik Foreland Basin of Himalaya, Himalayan Geology, Vol. 15, pp. 301-320.
2. Avouac, J.P., Bollinger, L., Lavé, J., Cattin R. & Flouzat M., 2001. Le cycle sismique en Himalaya, C.R. Acad. Sci. Paris, 333, 513-529.
3. Bilham, R., Bodin, P. & Jackson, M., 1995. Entertaining a great earthquake in Western Nepal: historic inactivity and geodetic test for the development of strain, J. Nepal Geol. Soc., Special Issue, 11, 73-88.
4. Bilham, R., Larson, K., Freymuller, J. & Idylhim members, 1997. GPS measurements of present-day convergence across the Nepal Himalyas, Nature, 386, 1-94.
5. Brunel, M., 1986. Ductile thrusting in the Himalayas: shear sense criteria and stretching lineations, Tectonics, 5, 247-265.
6. Cattin, R. & Avouac, J.P., 2000. Modeling mountain building and the seismic cycle in the Himalayas of Nepal, J. geophys. Res., 105, 13 389-13 407.
7. Cattin, R., Martelet, G., Henry, P., Avouac, J.P., Diament, M. & Shakya, T.R., 2001. Gravity anomalies, crustal struture and thermo-mechanical support of the Himalaya of Central Nepal, Geophys. J. Int., 147, 381-392.
8. Cotton, F., Campillo, M., Deschamps, A. & Rastogi, B.K., 1996. Rupture history and seismotectonics of the 1991 Uttarkashi Himalayas earthquake, Tectonophysics, 28, 35-51.
9. DeCelles, P.G., Gerhels, G.E, Quade J., Ojha, T.P., Kapp, P.A. & Upretti, B.N., 1998. Neogene foreland basin deposits, erosional unroofing, and the kinematic history of the Himalayan fold-thrust belt, Western Nepal, Geol. Soc. Am. Bull., 119, 2-21.
10. DeCelles, P.G., Robinson D.M., Quade, J., Ojha, T.P., Garzione C.N., Copeland P. & Upretti, B.N., 2001. Stratigraphy, structure and tectonic evolution of the Himalayn fold-thrust belt in Western Nepal, Tectonics, 20, 487-509.
11. Dragert, H., Hyndam, R.D., Rogers, G.C. & Wang, K., 1994. Current deformation and the width of the seismogenic zone of the northern Cascadia subduction thrust, J. geophys. Res., 99, 653-668.
12. Hassani, R., 1994. Modélisation numérique de la déformation des systèmes géologiques, PhD thesis, Université Montpellier 2.
13. Hassani, R., Jongmans, D. & Chéry, J., 1997. Study of plate deformation and stress in subduction processes using two-dimensional numerical models, J. geophys. Res., 102, 17 951-17 965.
14. Jackson, M. & Bilham, R., 1994. Constraints on Himalayas deformation inferred from vertical fields in Nepal and Tibet, J. geophys. Res., 99, 13 897-13 912.
15. Jouanne, F., et al., 1999. Oblique convergence in the Himalayas of Western Nepal deduced from preliminary results of GPS mesurements, Geophys. Res. Lett., 26, 1933-1936.
16. Jouanne, F., Mugnier, J.L., Gamond, J.F., Le Fort, P., Pandey, M.R., Bollinger, L., Flouzat, M. & Avouac, J.P., 2003. Current shortening across the Himalayas of Nepal, Geophys. J. Int., in press.
17. Larson, K., Burgmann, R., Bilham, R. & Freymuller, J., 1999. Kinematics of the India-Eurasia collision zone from GPS measurements, J. geophys. Res., 104, 1077-1093.
18. Lavé, J. & Avouac, J.P., 2000. Active folding of fluvial terraces across the Siwaliks Hills, Himalayas of Central Nepal, J. geophys. Res., 105, 5735-5770.
19. Lavé, J. & Avouac, J.P., 2002. Fluvial incision and tectonic uplift across the Himalayas of Central Nepal, J. geophys. Res., 106, 26 561-25 593.
20. Le Pichon, X. & Chamot-Rooke, N., 1991. Extension of continental crust, in Controversies in Modern Geology, pp. 313-338, Academic, New York.
21. Leturmy, P. & Mugnier, J.L., 1998. Holocene tectonics deduced from incision rates in the seismic gap of the Outer Himalayas, Int. Symp. on the Origin of Sedimentary Basins, Oliana, Spain, Abstract, p. 21 Sept. 26-30, 1998. Institut Cartographic de Catalunya, Spain.
22. Masek, J., Isacks, B., Gubbels, T. & Fielding, E., 1994. Erosion and tectonics at the margin of continental plateaus, J. geophys. Res., 99, 13 941-13 956.
23. Molnar, P., 1987. The distribution of intensity associated with the 1905 Kangra earthquake and bounds on the extent of the rupture zone, J. Geol. Soc. India, 29, 221-229.
24. Molnar, P., 1990. A review of the seismicity and rates of active underthrusting and deformation at the Himalaya, J. Himalayan Geol., 1, 131-154.
25. Mugnier, J.L., Huyghe, P., Leturmy, P. & Jouanne, F., 2003. Episodicity and rates of thrust sheet motion in Himalayas (Western Nepal), in Thrust Tectonics and Hydrocarbon Systems, McClay, AAPG Mem.
26. Pandey, M.R. & Molnar, P., 1988. The distribution of intensity of the Bihar Nepal earthquake of 15 January 1934 and bounds on the extent of the rupture, J. Nepal Geol. Soc., 5, 22-44.
27. Pandey, M.R., Tandukar, R.P., Avouac, J.P., Vergne, J. & Héritier, Th., 1999. Seismotectonics of the Nepal Himalayas from a local seismic network, J. Asian Earth Sci., 17, 703-712.
28. Powers, P.M., Lillie, R.J. & Yeats, R.S., 1998. Structure and Shortening of the Kangra and Derha Dun reentrants, Sub-Himalaya, India, Geol. Soc. Bull., 110, 1010-1027.
29. Raiverman, V., Kunte, S. & Mukherjea, A., 1983. Basin geometry, Cenozoic sedimentation and hydrocarbon prospects in North Western Himalayas and Indo-gangetic plains, Petroleum Asia J., 6, 67-92.
30. Schelling, D. & Arita, K., 1991. Thrust tectonics, crustal shortening and the structure of the Far-Eastern Nepal Himalayas, Tectonics, 10, 851-862.
31. Singh, D.D., 2000. Seismotectonics of the Himalayas and its vicinity from centroid-moment tensor (CMT) solution of earthquakes, J. Geodyn., 30, 507-537.
32. Srivastava, P & Mitra, G., 1994. Thrust geometries and deep structure of the outer and lesser Himalayas Kumaon and Garhwal (India): implications for evolution of the Himalayas, Tectonics, 13, 89-109.
33. Turcotte, D.L. & Schubert, G., 1982. Geodynamics. Applications of Continuum Physics to Geological Problems, Wiley, New York.
34. Upreti, B.N. & Le Fort, P., 1999. Lesser Himalayan crystalline nappes of Nepal: problem of their origin, J. Asian Earth Sci. (Advances on the geo1ogy of the Himalaya, focus on Nepal geology) Vol. 17, pp. 577-606.
35. Van der Beek, P.A., Champel, B. & Mugnier, J.L., 2002. Drainage development in regions of active fault-propagation folding controlled by detachment dip, Geology, 30, 471-474.
36. Wang, Qi et al., 2001. Present-day crustal deformation on China constrained by GPS measurements, Science, 294, 574-577.
37. Wesnousky, S., Kumar, S., Mohindra, R. & Thakur V., 1999. Uplift and convergence along the Himalayan Frontal Thrust of India, Tectonics, 18, 967-976.
38. Zhao, W., Nelson, K.D. & project INDEPTH Team, 1993. Deep seismic reflection evidence for continental underthrusting beneath southern Tibet, Nature, 366, 557-559.