메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 14, Issue 6, 2003, Pages 862-869

Sex-ratio variation and reproductive costs in relation to density in a forest-dwelling population of red deer (Cervus elaphus)

Author keywords

Cervus elaphus; Closed habitat; Party size; Red deer; Reproductive costs; Sex ratio; Trivers and willard; Ungulates

Indexed keywords

BODY CONDITION; POPULATION DENSITY; REPRODUCTIVE COST; SEX ALLOCATION; SEX RATIO; UNGULATE;

EID: 1642465412     PISSN: 10452249     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/beheco/arg077     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (30)

References (80)
  • 1
    • 0021037897 scopus 로고
    • Fertility and body weight in female red deer: A density-dependent relationship
    • Albon SD, Mitchell B, Staines BW, 1983. Fertility and body weight in female red deer: a density-dependent relationship. J Anim Ecol 52:969-980.
    • (1983) J Anim Ecol , vol.52 , pp. 969-980
    • Albon, S.D.1    Mitchell, B.2    Staines, B.W.3
  • 2
    • 0029750395 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reproductive costs of sons and daughters in Rocky Mountain bighorn sheep
    • Bérubé CH, Festa-Bianchet M., Jorgenson JT, 1996. Reproductive costs of sons and daughters in Rocky Mountain bighorn sheep. Behav Ecol 7:60-68.
    • (1996) Behav Ecol , vol.7 , pp. 60-68
    • Bérubé, C.H.1    Festa-Bianchet, M.2    Jorgenson, J.T.3
  • 3
    • 0031847090 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adaptive adjustment of the sex ratio: More data and considerations from a fallow deer population
    • Birgersson B, 1998. Adaptive adjustment of the sex ratio: more data and considerations from a fallow deer population. Behav Ecol 9:404-408.
    • (1998) Behav Ecol , vol.9 , pp. 404-408
    • Birgersson, B.1
  • 4
    • 0031458951 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Early growth in male and female fallow deer calves
    • Birgersson B, Ekvall K, 1997. Early growth in male and female fallow deer calves. Behav Ecol 8:493-499.
    • (1997) Behav Ecol , vol.8 , pp. 493-499
    • Birgersson, B.1    Ekvall, K.2
  • 5
    • 0032142826 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Male-biased investment in fallow deer: An experimental study
    • Birgersson B, Tillbom M, Ekvall K, 1998. Male-biased investment in fallow deer: an experimental study. Anim Behav 56:301-307.
    • (1998) Anim Behav , vol.56 , pp. 301-307
    • Birgersson, B.1    Tillbom, M.2    Ekvall, K.3
  • 6
    • 0036342905 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sex- and age-dependent effects of population density on life history traits of red deer (Cervus elaphus) in a temperate forest
    • Bonenfant C, Gaillard JM, Klein F, Loison A, 2002. Sex- and age-dependent effects of population density on life history traits of red deer (Cervus elaphus) in a temperate forest. Ecography 25:446-458.
    • (2002) Ecography , vol.25 , pp. 446-458
    • Bonenfant, C.1    Gaillard, J.M.2    Klein, F.3    Loison, A.4
  • 7
    • 2642637666 scopus 로고
    • Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
    • Boyce MS, 1989. The Jackson elk herd. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
    • (1989) The Jackson Elk Herd
    • Boyce, M.S.1
  • 8
    • 0034970657 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sex-biased investment in nonhuman primates: Can Trivers and Willard's theory be tested?
    • Brown GR, 2001. Sex-biased investment in nonhuman primates: can Trivers and Willard's theory be tested? Anim Behav 61:683-694.
    • (2001) Anim Behav , vol.61 , pp. 683-694
    • Brown, G.R.1
  • 9
    • 0025205889 scopus 로고
    • Sex-specific maternal investment in pronghorn, and the question of a limit on differential provisioning in ungulates
    • Byers JA, Moodie JD, 1990. Sex-specific maternal investment in pronghorn, and the question of a limit on differential provisioning in ungulates. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 26:157-164.
    • (1990) Behav Ecol Sociobiol , vol.26 , pp. 157-164
    • Byers, J.A.1    Moodie, J.D.2
  • 10
    • 0032693780 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Birth sex ratios relate to mare condition at conception in Kaimanawa horses
    • Cameron EZ, Linklater WL, Stafford KJ, Veltman CJ, 1999a. Birth sex ratios relate to mare condition at conception in Kaimanawa horses. Behav Ecol 10:472-475.
    • (1999) Behav Ecol , vol.10 , pp. 472-475
    • Cameron, E.Z.1    Linklater, W.L.2    Stafford, K.J.3    Veltman, C.J.4
  • 11
    • 0033105432 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Suckling behavior does not measure milk intake in horses, Equus caballus
    • Cameron EZ, Stafford KJ, Linklater WL, Veltman CJ, 1999b. Suckling behavior does not measure milk intake in horses, Equus caballus. Anim Behav 57:673-678.
    • (1999) Anim Behav , vol.57 , pp. 673-678
    • Cameron, E.Z.1    Stafford, K.J.2    Linklater, W.L.3    Veltman, C.J.4
  • 12
    • 0029660510 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High-ranking females bias their investment in favour of male calves in captive Ammotragus lervia
    • Cassinello J, 1996. High-ranking females bias their investment in favour of male calves in captive Ammotragus lervia. Behav Ecol Evol 38:417-424.
    • (1996) Behav Ecol Evol , vol.38 , pp. 417-424
    • Cassinello, J.1
  • 15
    • 0000804779 scopus 로고
    • Parental investment in male and female offspring in polygynous mammals
    • Clutton-Brock TH, Albon SD, Guinness FE, 1981. Parental investment in male and female offspring in polygynous mammals. Nature 289:487-489
    • (1981) Nature , vol.289 , pp. 487-489
    • Clutton-Brock, T.H.1    Albon, S.D.2    Guinness, F.E.3
  • 16
    • 0021890391 scopus 로고
    • Parental investment and sex differences in juvenile mortality in birds and mammals
    • Clutton-Brock TH, Albon SD, Guinness FE, 1985. Parental investment and sex differences in juvenile mortality in birds and mammals. Nature 313:131-133.
    • (1985) Nature , vol.313 , pp. 131-133
    • Clutton-Brock, T.H.1    Albon, S.D.2    Guinness, F.E.3
  • 17
    • 58149369520 scopus 로고
    • Great expectations: Dominance, breeding success and offspring sex ratios in red deer
    • Clutton-Brock TH, Albon SD, Guinness FE, 1986. Great expectations: dominance, breeding success and offspring sex ratios in red deer. Anim Behav 34:460-471.
    • (1986) Anim Behav , vol.34 , pp. 460-471
    • Clutton-Brock, T.H.1    Albon, S.D.2    Guinness, F.E.3
  • 20
  • 21
    • 0020390157 scopus 로고
    • Effects of lactation on feeding behaviour and habitat use in wild red deer hinds
    • Clutton-Brock TH, Iason GR, Albon SD, Guinness FE, 1982b. Effects of lactation on feeding behaviour and habitat use in wild red deer hinds. J Zool 198:227-236.
    • (1982) J Zool , vol.198 , pp. 227-236
    • Clutton-Brock, T.H.1    Iason, G.R.2    Albon, S.D.3    Guinness, F.E.4
  • 24
    • 0035081247 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Offspring sex ratio in relation to maternal age and social rank in mountain goats (Oreamnos americanus)
    • Côté SD, Festa-Bianchet M, 2001. Offspring sex ratio in relation to maternal age and social rank in mountain goats (Oreamnos americanus). Behav Ecol Sociobiol 49:260-265.
    • (2001) Behav Ecol Sociobiol , vol.49 , pp. 260-265
    • Côté, S.D.1    Festa-Bianchet, M.2
  • 25
    • 0000691040 scopus 로고
    • Optimal policies for conservation of large mammals, with special reference to marine ecosystems
    • Eberhardt LL, 1977. Optimal policies for conservation of large mammals, with special reference to marine ecosystems. Environ Conserv 4:205-212.
    • (1977) Environ Conserv , vol.4 , pp. 205-212
    • Eberhardt, L.L.1
  • 26
    • 0024921994 scopus 로고
    • Individual differences, parasites, and the costs of reproduction for bighorn ewes (Ovis canadensis)
    • Festa-Bianchet M, 1989. Individual differences, parasites, and the costs of reproduction for bighorn ewes (Ovis canadensis). J Anim Ecol 58:785-795.
    • (1989) J Anim Ecol , vol.58 , pp. 785-795
    • Festa-Bianchet, M.1
  • 27
    • 0030019554 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Offspring sex ratio studies of mammals: Does publication depend upon the quality of the research or the direction of the results?
    • Festa-Bianchet M, 1996. Offspring sex ratio studies of mammals: does publication depend upon the quality of the research or the direction of the results? Ecoscience 3:42-44.
    • (1996) Ecoscience , vol.3 , pp. 42-44
    • Festa-Bianchet, M.1
  • 28
    • 0031713818 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mass and density-dependent reproductive success and reproductive costs in a capital breeder
    • Festa-Bianchet M, Gaillard JM, Jorgenson JT, 1998. Mass and density-dependent reproductive success and reproductive costs in a capital breeder. Am Nat 152:367-379.
    • (1998) Am Nat , vol.152 , pp. 367-379
    • Festa-Bianchet, M.1    Gaillard, J.M.2    Jorgenson, J.T.3
  • 29
    • 0031945172 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Selfish mothers: Reproductive expenditure and resource availability in bighorn ewes
    • Festa-Bianchet M, Jorgenson JT, 1998. Selfish mothers: reproductive expenditure and resource availability in bighorn ewes. Behav Ecol 9:144-150.
    • (1998) Behav Ecol , vol.9 , pp. 144-150
    • Festa-Bianchet, M.1    Jorgenson, J.T.2
  • 30
    • 0028974715 scopus 로고
    • Life history consequences of variation in age of primiparity in bighorns ewes
    • Festa-Bianchet M, Jorgenson JT, Lucherini M, Wishart WD, 1995. Life history consequences of variation in age of primiparity in bighorns ewes. Ecology 76:871-881.
    • (1995) Ecology , vol.76 , pp. 871-881
    • Festa-Bianchet, M.1    Jorgenson, J.T.2    Lucherini, M.3    Wishart, W.D.4
  • 31
    • 0034580832 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Early development, adult mass, and reproductive success in bighorn sheep
    • Festa-Bianchet M, Jorgenson JT, Réale D, 2000. Early development, adult mass, and reproductive success in bighorn sheep. Behav Ecol 11:633-639.
    • (2000) Behav Ecol , vol.11 , pp. 633-639
    • Festa-Bianchet, M.1    Jorgenson, J.T.2    Réale, D.3
  • 33
    • 0027145310 scopus 로고
    • Croissance précoce et poids a l'entrée de l'hiver chez le faon de chevreuil (Capreolus capreolus)
    • Gaillard JM, Delorme D, Jullien JM, 1993. Croissance précoce et poids a l'entrée de l'hiver chez le faon de chevreuil (Capreolus capreolus). Mammalia 57:359-366.
    • (1993) Mammalia , vol.57 , pp. 359-366
    • Gaillard, J.M.1    Delorme, D.2    Jullien, J.M.3
  • 36
    • 0026082389 scopus 로고
    • Trade-offs between growth and reproduction in female bison
    • Green WCH, Rothstein A, 1991. Trade-offs between growth and reproduction in female bison. Oecologia 86:521-527.
    • (1991) Oecologia , vol.86 , pp. 521-527
    • Green, W.C.H.1    Rothstein, A.2
  • 37
    • 0018164790 scopus 로고
    • Factors affecting reproduction in red deer (Cervus elaphus) hinds on Rhum
    • Guinness FE, Albon SD, Clutton-Brock TH, 1978. Factors affecting reproduction in red deer (Cervus elaphus) hinds on Rhum. J Reprod Fert 54:325-334.
    • (1978) J Reprod Fert , vol.54 , pp. 325-334
    • Guinness, F.E.1    Albon, S.D.2    Clutton-Brock, T.H.3
  • 38
    • 0015164137 scopus 로고
    • The reproductive cycle of the female red deer (Cervus elaphus)
    • Guinness FE, Lincoln GA, Short RV, 1971. The reproductive cycle of the female red deer (Cervus elaphus). J Reprod Fert 27:427-438.
    • (1971) J Reprod Fert , vol.27 , pp. 427-438
    • Guinness, F.E.1    Lincoln, G.A.2    Short, R.V.3
  • 39
    • 0033994855 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluating the accuracy of age obtained by two methods for Montana ungulates
    • Hamlin KL, Pac DF, Sime CA, Desimone RM, Dusek GL, 2000. Evaluating the accuracy of age obtained by two methods for Montana ungulates. J Wildl Manage 64:441-449.
    • (2000) J Wildl Manage , vol.64 , pp. 441-449
    • Hamlin, K.L.1    Pac, D.F.2    Sime, C.A.3    Desimone, R.M.4    Dusek, G.L.5
  • 40
    • 0030938932 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Possible factors influencing vertebrate sex ratios: An introductory overview
    • Hardy ICW, 1997. Possible factors influencing vertebrate sex ratios: an introductory overview. App Anim Behav Sci 51:217-241.
    • (1997) App Anim Behav Sci , vol.51 , pp. 217-241
    • Hardy, I.C.W.1
  • 42
    • 0033151467 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Successful sons or advantaged daughters? The Trivers-Willlard model and sex-biaised maternal investment in ungulates
    • Hewison MAJ, Gaillard JM, 1999. Successful sons or advantaged daughters? The Trivers-Willlard model and sex-biaised maternal investment in ungulates. Trend Ecol Evol 14:229-234.
    • (1999) Trend Ecol Evol , vol.14 , pp. 229-234
    • Hewison, M.A.J.1    Gaillard, J.M.2
  • 43
    • 0027331166 scopus 로고
    • Skewed birth sex ratios in primates: Should high-ranking mothers have daughters or sons?
    • Hiraiwa-Hasegawa M, 1993. Skewed birth sex ratios in primates: should high-ranking mothers have daughters or sons? Trend Ecol Evol 8:395-400.
    • (1993) Trend Ecol Evol , vol.8 , pp. 395-400
    • Hiraiwa-Hasegawa, M.1
  • 44
    • 0032492841 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hypotheses on mammalian sex ratio variation at birth
    • James WH, 1998. Hypotheses on mammalian sex ratio variation at birth. J Theor Biol 192:113-116.
    • (1998) J Theor Biol , vol.192 , pp. 113-116
    • James, W.H.1
  • 45
    • 0027332866 scopus 로고
    • Effects of body size, population density, and maternal characteristics on age at first reproduction in bighorn ewes
    • Jorgenson JT, Festa-Bianchet M, Lucherini M, Wishart WD, 1993. Effects of body size, population density, and maternal characteristics on age at first reproduction in bighorn ewes. Can J Zool 71:2509-2517.
    • (1993) Can J Zool , vol.71 , pp. 2509-2517
    • Jorgenson, J.T.1    Festa-Bianchet, M.2    Lucherini, M.3    Wishart, W.D.4
  • 46
    • 0027487586 scopus 로고
    • Early maternal investment and growth in reindeer
    • Kojola I, 1993. Early maternal investment and growth in reindeer. Can J Zool 71:753-758.
    • (1993) Can J Zool , vol.71 , pp. 753-758
    • Kojola, I.1
  • 47
    • 0024943637 scopus 로고
    • Influences of maternal body weight, age, and parity on sex ratio in semi-domesticated reindeer
    • Kojola I, Eloranta E, 1989. Influences of maternal body weight, age, and parity on sex ratio in semi-domesticated reindeer. Evolution 43:1331-1336.
    • (1989) Evolution , vol.43 , pp. 1331-1336
    • Kojola, I.1    Eloranta, E.2
  • 48
    • 0001092628 scopus 로고
    • The mechanism of natural selection for the sex ratio
    • Kolman WA, 1960. The mechanism of natural selection for the sex ratio. Am Nat 94:373-377.
    • (1960) Am Nat , vol.94 , pp. 373-377
    • Kolman, W.A.1
  • 49
    • 0028903487 scopus 로고
    • Potential mechanisms for sex ratio adjustment in mammals and birds
    • Krackow S, 1995. Potential mechanisms for sex ratio adjustment in mammals and birds. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 70:225-241.
    • (1995) Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc , vol.70 , pp. 225-241
    • Krackow, S.1
  • 51
    • 0033595326 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Early determinants of lifetime reproductive success differ between the sexes in red deer
    • Kruuk LEB, Clutton-Brock TH, Rose KE, Guinness FE, 1999b. Early determinants of lifetime reproductive success differ between the sexes in red deer. Proc R Soc Lond Ser B 266:1655-1661.
    • (1999) Proc R Soc Lond Ser B , vol.266 , pp. 1655-1661
    • Kruuk, L.E.B.1    Clutton-Brock, T.H.2    Rose, K.E.3    Guinness, F.E.4
  • 52
    • 0024900278 scopus 로고
    • Parental investment and the secondary sex ratio in northern elephant seals
    • Le Boeuf BJ, Condit R, Reiter J, 1989. Parental investment and the secondary sex ratio in northern elephant seals. Behav Ecol Evol 25:109-117.
    • (1989) Behav Ecol Evol , vol.25 , pp. 109-117
    • Le Boeuf, B.J.1    Condit, R.2    Reiter, J.3
  • 53
    • 0029662746 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Life-history analysis of the Trivers and Willard sex-ratio problem
    • Leimar O, 1996. Life-history analysis of the Trivers and Willard sex-ratio problem. Behav Ecol 7:316-325.
    • (1996) Behav Ecol , vol.7 , pp. 316-325
    • Leimar, O.1
  • 54
    • 84995194186 scopus 로고
    • Teeth as indicator of age with special reference to red deer (Cervus elaphus) of known age from Rhum
    • Lowe VPW, 1967. Teeth as indicator of age with special reference to red deer (Cervus elaphus) of known age from Rhum. J Zool 152: 137-153.
    • (1967) J Zool , vol.152 , pp. 137-153
    • Lowe, V.P.W.1
  • 55
    • 0000217680 scopus 로고
    • The meaning of weaning
    • Martin P, 1984. The meaning of weaning. Anim Behav 32:1257-1258.
    • (1984) Anim Behav , vol.32 , pp. 1257-1258
    • Martin, P.1
  • 56
    • 0001350054 scopus 로고
    • A new theory of sexual investment
    • Maynard-Smith J, 1980. A new theory of sexual investment. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 7:247-251.
    • (1980) Behav Ecol Sociobiol , vol.7 , pp. 247-251
    • Maynard-Smith, J.1
  • 58
    • 0030733034 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Variations in the birth sex ratio and neonatal mortality in a natural herd of horses
    • Monard AM, Duncan P, Fritz H, Feh C, 1997. Variations in the birth sex ratio and neonatal mortality in a natural herd of horses. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 41:243-249.
    • (1997) Behav Ecol Sociobiol , vol.41 , pp. 243-249
    • Monard, A.M.1    Duncan, P.2    Fritz, H.3    Feh, C.4
  • 59
    • 0034490563 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relationship between sex ratio, climate and density in red deer: The importance of spatial scale
    • Mysterud A, Yoccoz NG, Stenseth C, Langvatn R, 2000. Relationship between sex ratio, climate and density in red deer: the importance of spatial scale. J Anim Ecol 69:559-974.
    • (2000) J Anim Ecol , vol.69 , pp. 559-974
    • Mysterud, A.1    Yoccoz, N.G.2    Stenseth, C.3    Langvatn, R.4
  • 60
    • 0029669053 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sexual dimorphism in sea lion pups: Differential maternal investment, or sex specific differences in energy allocation?
    • Ono KA, Boness DJ, 1996. Sexual dimorphism in sea lion pups: differential maternal investment, or sex specific differences in energy allocation? Behav Ecol Evol 38:31-41.
    • (1996) Behav Ecol Evol , vol.38 , pp. 31-41
    • Ono, K.A.1    Boness, D.J.2
  • 61
    • 0032887795 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Detecting publication bias in meta-analyses: A case study of fluctuating asymmetry and sexual selection
    • Palmer RA, 1999. Detecting publication bias in meta-analyses: a case study of fluctuating asymmetry and sexual selection. Am Nat 154:220-233.
    • (1999) Am Nat , vol.154 , pp. 220-233
    • Palmer, R.A.1
  • 62
    • 0028995381 scopus 로고
    • Is sex-biased maternal care limited by total maternal expenditure in polygynous ungulates?
    • Pélabon C, Gaillard JM, Loison A, Portier C, 1995. Is sex-biased maternal care limited by total maternal expenditure in polygynous ungulates? Behav Ecol Sociobiol 37:311-319.
    • (1995) Behav Ecol Sociobiol , vol.37 , pp. 311-319
    • Pélabon, C.1    Gaillard, J.M.2    Loison, A.3    Portier, C.4
  • 63
    • 0032885989 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Extrinsic modification of vertebrate sex ratios by climatic variation
    • Post E, Forchhammer M, Stenseth NC, Langvatn R, 1999. Extrinsic modification of vertebrate sex ratios by climatic variation. Am Nat 154:194-204.
    • (1999) Am Nat , vol.154 , pp. 194-204
    • Post, E.1    Forchhammer, M.2    Stenseth, N.C.3    Langvatn, R.4
  • 64
    • 0026539726 scopus 로고
    • Measuring the costs of reproduction
    • Reznick D, 1992. Measuring the costs of reproduction. Trends Ecol Evol 7:42-45.
    • (1992) Trends Ecol Evol , vol.7 , pp. 42-45
    • Reznick, D.1
  • 65
    • 0031772793 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cohort variation in male survival and lifetime breeding success in red deer
    • Rose KE, Clutton-Brock TH, Guinness FE, 1998. Cohort variation in male survival and lifetime breeding success in red deer. J Anim Ecol 67:979-986.
    • (1998) J Anim Ecol , vol.67 , pp. 979-986
    • Rose, K.E.1    Clutton-Brock, T.H.2    Guinness, F.E.3
  • 66
    • 0022901040 scopus 로고
    • Lactation and fetal sex ratios in American bison
    • Rutberg AT, 1986. Lactation and fetal sex ratios in American bison. Am Nat 127:89-94.
    • (1986) Am Nat , vol.127 , pp. 89-94
    • Rutberg, A.T.1
  • 67
    • 0021595011 scopus 로고
    • Ecological consequences of lactation
    • Sadleir RMFS, 1984. Ecological consequences of lactation. Acta Zool Fenn 171:179-182.
    • (1984) Acta Zool Fenn , vol.171 , pp. 179-182
    • Sadleir, R.M.F.S.1
  • 70
    • 0022829328 scopus 로고
    • Sex ratio in relation to maternal condition and parental investment in wild reindeer Rangifer t. tarandus
    • Skogland T, 1986. Sex ratio in relation to maternal condition and parental investment in wild reindeer Rangifer t. tarandus. Oikos 43:417-419.
    • (1986) Oikos , vol.43 , pp. 417-419
    • Skogland, T.1
  • 73
    • 0024897266 scopus 로고
    • Fetal sex ratio in caribou: Maternal age and condition effects
    • Thomas DC, Barry SJ, Kiliaan HP, 1989. Fetal sex ratio in caribou: maternal age and condition effects. J Wildl Manage 53:885-891.
    • (1989) J Wildl Manage , vol.53 , pp. 885-891
    • Thomas, D.C.1    Barry, S.J.2    Kiliaan, H.P.3
  • 74
    • 77956724413 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Parental investment in pinnipeds
    • Trillmich F, 1996. Parental investment in pinnipeds. Adv Study Behav 25:533-577.
    • (1996) Adv Study Behav , vol.25 , pp. 533-577
    • Trillmich, F.1
  • 75
    • 0015914379 scopus 로고
    • Natural selection of parental ability to vary the sex ratio of offspring
    • Trivers RL, Willard DE, 1973. Natural selection of parental ability to vary the sex ratio of offspring. Science 173:90-92.
    • (1973) Science , vol.173 , pp. 90-92
    • Trivers, R.L.1    Willard, D.E.2
  • 76
    • 0001105702 scopus 로고
    • Acquisition and allocation of resources: Their influences on variation in life history tactics
    • van Noordwijk AJ, de Jong G, 1986. Acquisition and allocation of resources: their influences on variation in life history tactics. Am Nat 128:137-142.
    • (1986) Am Nat , vol.128 , pp. 137-142
    • Van Noordwijk, A.J.1    De Jong, G.2
  • 78
    • 0026283882 scopus 로고
    • Compensatory growth of wapiti (Cervus elaphus) on aspen parkland ranges
    • Watkins WG, Hudson RJ, Fargey LJ, 1991. Compensatory growth of wapiti (Cervus elaphus) on aspen parkland ranges. Can J Zool 69:1682-1688.
    • (1991) Can J Zool , vol.69 , pp. 1682-1688
    • Watkins, W.G.1    Hudson, R.J.2    Fargey, L.J.3
  • 80
    • 0018664632 scopus 로고
    • The question of adaptive sex ratio in outcrossed vertebrates
    • Williams CG, 1979. The question of adaptive sex ratio in outcrossed vertebrates. Proc R Soc Lond B 205:567-580.
    • (1979) Proc R Soc Lond B , vol.205 , pp. 567-580
    • Williams, C.G.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.