Tropospheric aerosols in the Mediterranean: 2. Radiative effects through model simulations and measurements

Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres

Volumn 108, Issue 10, 2003, Pages

  Meloni, D ^a,b   di Sarra, A ^a   DeLuisi, J ^c   Di Iorio, T ^b   Fiocco, G ^b   Junkermann, W ^d   Pace, G ^b  

^a ENEA   (Italy)

^b UNIVERSITÀ DI ROMA LA SAPIENZA   (Italy)

^c NOAA EARTH SYSTEM RESEARCH LABORATORY   (United States)

^d KARLSRUHE INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY   (Germany)

Author keywords

Aeorosol; Atmospheric ozone; Atmospheric transmission; Dust; Radiative forcing

Indexed keywords

AEROSOL; MODELING; RADIATIVE TRANSFER; TROPOSPHERE;

MEDITERRANEAN REGION; MEDITERRANEAN SEA;

EID: 1642463444     PISSN: 01480227     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1029/2002jd002807     Document Type: Article

References (52)

1. Ackerman, S. A., and H. Chung, Radiative effects of airborne dust on regional energy budgets at the top of the atmosphere, J. Appl. Meteorol., 31, 223-241, 1992.
2. Bhartia, P. K., D. Silberstein, B. Monosmith, and A. J. Fleig, Standard profiles of ozone from ground to 60 km obtained by combining satellite and ground based measurements, in Atmospheric Ozone, edited by C. S. Zerefos and A.Ghazi, pp. 243-247, D. Reidel, Norwell, Mass., 1985.
3. Brühl, C., and P. J. Crutzen, On the disproportionate role of tropospheric ozone as a filter against solar UV-B radiation, Geophys. Res. Lett., 16, 703-706, 1989.
4. Burrows, J. P., A. Dehn, B. Deters, S. Himmelmann, A. Richter, S. Voigt, and J. Orphal, Atmospheric remote-sensing reference data from GOME, part II, Temperature-dependent absorption cross sections of O3 in the 231-794 nm range, J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer, 61, 509-517, 1999.
5. Claquin, T., M. Schulz, Y. Balkanski, and O. Boucher, Uncertainties in assessing radiative forcing by mineral dust,Tellus, Ser. B, 50, 491-505, 1998.
6. Conant, W. C., An observational approach for determining aerosol surface radiative forcing: Results from the first field phase of INDOEX, J. Geophys. Res., 105, 15,347-15,360,2000.
7. Cutchis, P., Stratospheric ozone depletion and solar ultraviolet radiation on Earth, Science, 184, 13-19, 1974.
8. Dahlback, A., and K. Stamnes, A new spherical model for computing the radiation field available for photolysis and heating at twilight, Planet. Space Sci., 39, 671-683, 1991.
9. d'Almeida, G. A., P. Koepke, and E. P. Shettle, Atmospheric Aerosols Global Climatology and Radiative Characteristics, A. Deepak, Hampton, Va., 1991.
10. DeLuisi, J., Atmospheric ultraviolet radiation scattering and absorption, in Solar Ultraviolet Radiation Modelling, Measurements, and Effects. NATO ASI Ser., vol. 1 52, edited by C. S. Zerefos and A. F. Bais, pp. 65-84, Springer-Verlag, New York., 1997.
11. Díaz, J. P., F. J. Expósito, C. J. Torres, V. Carreno, and A. Redondas, Simulation of mineral dust effects on UV radiation levels, J. Geophys. Res., 105, 4979-4991, 2000.
12. Díaz, J. P., F. J. Expósito, C. J. Torres, F. Herrera, J. M. Prospero, and M. C. Romero, Radiative properties of aerosols in Saharan dust outbreaks using ground-based and satellite data: Applications to radiative forcing, J. Geophys. Res.,106, 19,403-18,416, 2001.
13. Di Iorio, T., A. di Sarra, W. Junkermann, M. Cacciani, G. Fiocco, and D. Fuà, Tropospheric aerosols in the Mediterranean: 1. Microphysical and optical properties, J. Geophys. Res., 108, doi:10.1029/2002JD002815, in press, 2003.
14. di Sarra, A., et al., Radiation, ozone, and aerosol measurements at Lampedusa during the PAUR II Campaign, in IRS 2000: Current problems in Atmospheric Radiation, edited by W. L. Smith and Yu. M. Timofeyev, pp. 1193-1196, A. Deepak, Hampton, Va., 2001a.
15. di Sarra, A., T. Di Iorio, M. Cacciani, G. Fiocco, and D. Fuà, Saharan dust profiles measured by lidar at Lampedusa, J. Geophys. Res., 106, 10,335-10,348, 2001b.
16. di Sarra, A., M. Cacciani, P. Chamard, C. Cornwall, J. J. DeLuisi, T. Di Iorio, P. Disterhoft, G. Fiocco, D. Fuà, and F. Monteleone, Effects of desert dust and ozone on the ultraviolet irradiance at the Mediterranean island of Lampedusa during PAUR II, J. Geophys. Res., 107(D18),8135, doi:10.1029/2000JD000139, 2002.
17. Doda, D. D., and A. E. S. Green, Surface reflectance measurements in the UV from an airborne platform, part I, Appl.Opt., 19, 2140-2145, 1980.
18. Erlick, S., and J. E. Frederick, Effects of aerosols on the wavelength dependence of atmospheric transmission in the ultraviolet and visible, 2, Continental and urban aerosols in clear skies, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 23,075-23,285, 1998.
19. Fouquart, Y., B. Bonnel, G. Brogniez, J. C. Buriez, L. Smith, J. J. Morerette, and A. Cerf, Observations of Saharan Aerosols: Results of ECLATS Field Experiment, part II, Broadband radiative characteristics of the aerosols and vertical radiative flux divergence, J. Clim. Appl. Meteorol., 26, 38-52, 1987.
20. Harrison, L., J. Michalsky, and J. Berndt, Automated multifilter rotating shadow-band radiometer: An instrument for optical depth and radiation measurements, Appl. Opt., 33, 5118-5125, 1994.
21. Hignett, P., J. P. Taylor, P. N. Francis, and M. D. Glew, Comparison of observed and modeled direct aerosol forcing during TARFOX, J. Geophys. Res., 104, 2279-2287, 1999.
22. Hsu, N. C., J. R. Herman, and C. Weaver, Determination of radiative forcing of Saharan dust using combined TOMS and ERBE data, J. Geophys. Res., 105, 20,649-20,661, 2000.
23. Jayaraman, A., D. Lubin, S. Ramachandran, V. Ramanathan, E. Woodbridge, W. D. Collins, and K. S. Zalpuri, Direct observations of aerosol radiative forcing over the tropical Indian Ocean during the January-February 1996 pre-INDOEX cruise, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 13,827-13,836, 1998.
24. Junkermann, W., An ultralight aircraft as platform for research in the lower troposphere: System performance and first results from radiation transfer studies in stratiform aerosol layers and broken cloud conditions, J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 18,934-946, 2001.
25. Kerr, J. B., Observed dependencies of atmospheric UV radiation and trends, in Solar Ultraviolet Radiation, Modelling, Measurements, and Effects. NATO ASI Ser, vol. 152, edited by C. S. Zerefos and A. F. Bais, pp. 65-84, Springer-Verlag, New York, 1997.
26. Kourtidis, K., et al., Regional levels of ozone in the troposphere over Eastern Mediterranean, J. Geophys. Res., 107(D18), 8140, doi:10.1029/2000JD0001400, 2002.
27. Krzyścin, J. W., and S. Puchalski, Aerosol impact on the surface UV radiation from the ground-based measurements taken at Belk, Poland, 1980-1996, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 16,175-16,181, 1998.
28. Kylling, A., A. F. Bais, M. Blumthaler, J. Schreder, C. S. Zerefos, and E. Kosmidis, Effect of aerosols on solar UV irradiances during the photochemical activity and solar ultraviolet radiation campaign, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 26,051-26,060, 1998.
29. Liu, S. C., S. A. McKeen, and S. Madronich, Effect of anthropogenic aerosols on biologically active ultraviolet radiation, Geophys. Res, Lett., 18, 2265-2268, 1991.
30. Madronich, S., Implication of recent total atmospheric ozone measurements for biologically active ultraviolet radiation reaching the Earth's surface, Geophys. Res. Lett., 19, 37-40, 1992.
31. Mayer, B., G. Seckmayer, and A. Kylling, Systematic long-term comparison of spectral UV measurements and UVSPEC modelling results, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 8755-8767, 1997.
32. McKenzie, R. L., M. Blumthaler, C. R. Booth, S. B. Diaz, J. E. Frederick, T. Ito, S. Madronich, and G. Seckmeyer,UNEP/WMO Scientific Assessment of Ozone Depletion, chap. 9, Surface Ultraviolet Radiation, UN Econ. Program, Nairobi, Kenya, 1995.
33. Meador, W. E., and W. R. Weaver, Two-stream approximation to radiative transfer in planetary atmosphere: A unified description of existing methods and a new improvement, J. Atmos. Sci., 37, 630-643, 1979.
34. Meleti, C., and F. Cappellani, Measurements of aerosol optical depth at Ispra: Analysis of the correlation with UV-B,UV-A, and total solar irradiance, J. Geophys. Res., 105, 4971-4978, 2000.
35. Moulin, C., C. E. Lambert, F. Dulac, and U. Dayan, Control of atmospheric export of dust from North Africa by the North Atlantic oscillation, Nature, 387, 691-694, 1997.
36. Podgorny, I. A., W. Conant, V. Ramanathan, and S. K. Satheesh, Aerosol modulation of atmospheric and surface solar heating over the tropical Indian Ocean, Tellus, Ser. B, 52, 947-958, 2000.
37. Pyne, R. E., Albedo of the sea surface, J. Atmos. Sci., 29, 959-970, 1972.
38. Rajeev, K., and V. Ramanathan, Direct observations of clear-sky aerosol radiative forcing from space during the Indian Ocean Experiment, J. Geophys. Res, 106, 17,221-17,235, 2001.
39. Redemann, J., R. P. Turco, K. N. Liou, P. V. Hobbs, W. S. Hartley, R. W. Bergstrom, E. V. Browell, and P. B. Russell,Case studies of the vertical structure of the direct shortwave aerosol forcing during TARFOX, J. Geophys. Res., 105, 9971-9979, 2000.
40. Ruggaber, A., J. Reuder, H. Schwander, and P. Koepke, Spectral ground albedo in the UV-range, paper presented at European Conference on Atmospheric UV Radiation (ECUV), Helsinki, Finland, 1998.
41. Russell, P. B., et al., Pinatubo and Pre-Pinatubo optical depth spectra: Mauna Loa measurements, comparison, inferred particle size distributions, radiative effects, and relationship to lidar data, J. Geophys, Res., 98, 22,969-22,985, 1993.
42. Satheesh, S. K., and V. Ramanathan, Large differences in tropical aerosol forcing at the top of the atmosphere and Earth's surface. Nature, 405, 60-63, 2000.
43. Schwander, H., P. Koepke, and A. Ruggaber, Uncertainties in modeled UV irradiances due to limited accuracy and availability of input data, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 9419-9429, 1997.
44. Sokolik, I. N, and O. B. Toon, Direct radiative forcing by anthropogenic airborne mineral aerosols, Nature, 381, 681-683, 1996.
45. Sokolik, I. N., and O. B. Toon, Incorporation of mineralogical composition into models of the radiative properties of mineral aerosol from UV to IR wavelengths, J. Geophys. Res., 104, 9423-9444, 1999.
46. Sokolik, I, A. Andronova, and T. C. Johnson, Complex refractive index of atmospheric dust aerosols, Atmos. Environ. Part A, 27, 2495-2502, 1993.
47. Stamnes, K., S. C. Tsay, W. Wiscombe, and K. Jayaweera, Numerically stable algorithm for discrete-ordinate-method radiative transfer in multiple scattering and emitting layered media, Appl. Opt., 27, 2502-2509, 1988.
48. Weihs, P., and A. R. Webb, Accuracy of spectral UV model calculations, 1, Consideration of uncertainties in input parameters, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 1541-1550, 1997.
49. Wenny, B. N., J. S. Schafer, J. J. DeLuisi, V. K. Saxena, W. F. Barnard, I. V. Petropavlovskikh, and A. J. Vergamini, A study of regional aerosol radiative properties and effects on ultraviolet-B radiation, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 17,083-17,097, 1998.
50. Yu, S., V. K. Saxena, B. N. Wenny, J. J. DeLuisi, G. K. Yue, and I. V. Petropavlovskikh, A study of the aerosol radiative properties needed to compute direct aerosol forcing in the southeastern US, J. Geophys. Res., 105, 24,739-24,749, 2000.
51. Zerefos, C. S., A. F. Bais, C. Meleti. and I. C. Ziomas, A note on the recent increase of solar UV-B radiation over northern middle latitudes, Geophys. Res. Lett., 22, 1245-1247, 1995.
52. Zerefos, C. S., et al., Photochemical Activity and Solar Ultraviolet Radiation Modulation Factors (PAUR): An overview of the project, J. Geophys, Res., 107(D18), 8134, doi:10.1029/2000JD000134, 2002.