The Effects of Aging on Controlled Attention and Conflict Processing in the Stroop Task

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience

Volumn 16, Issue 1, 2004, Pages 103-113

  West, Robert ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF NOTRE DAME   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADULT; AGED; AGING; ARTICLE; ATTENTION; CONTROLLED STUDY; EVENT RELATED POTENTIAL; FEMALE; HUMAN; HUMAN EXPERIMENT; MALE; MENTAL TASK; NORMAL HUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; TASK PERFORMANCE;

ADULT; AGED; AGING; ATTENTION; COLOR PERCEPTION; EVOKED POTENTIALS, VISUAL; FEMALE; FIELD DEPENDENCE-INDEPENDENCE; HUMANS; MALE; MENTAL PROCESSES; READING; REFERENCE VALUES; VERBAL LEARNING;

EID: 1642462445     PISSN: 0898929X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1162/089892904322755593     Document Type: Article

References (42)

1. Alain, C., McNeely, H. E., Yu, H., Christensen, B. K., & West, R. (2002). Neurophysiological evidence of error monitoring deficits in patients with Schizophrenia. Cerebral Cortex, 12, 840-846.
2. Alain, C., & Woods, D. L. (1999). Age-related changes in processing auditory stimuli during visual attention: Evidence for deficits in inhibitory control and sensory memory. Psychology and Aging, 14, 507-519.
3. Baddeley, A. (1986). Working memory. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
4. Banich M. T., Milham, M. P., Atchley, R., Cohen, N. J., Webb, A., Wszalek, T., Kramer, A. F., Liang, Z.-P. P., Wright, A., Shenker, J., & Magin, R. (2000). fMRI studies of Stroop tasks reveal unique roles of anterior and posterior brain systems in attentional selection. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 12, 988-1000.
5. Braver, T. S., Barch, D. M., Keys, B. A., Carter, C. S., Cohen, J. D., Kaye, J. A., Janowsky, J. S., Taylor, S. F., Yesavage, J. A., Mumunthaler, S., Jagust, W. J., & Reed, B. R. (2001). Context processing in older adults: Evidence for a theory relating cognitive control to neurobiology in healthy aging. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 130, 746-763.
6. Braver, T. S., & Cohen, J. D. (1999). Dopamine, cognitive control, and schizophrenia: The gating model. Progress in Brain Research, 121, 327-349.
7. Carter, C. S., MacDonald, A. M., III, Botvinick, M., Ross, L. L., Stenger, V. A., Noll, D., & Cohen, J. D. (2000). Parsing executive processes: Strategic vs. evaluative functions of the anterior cingulate cortex. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, U.S.A., 97, 1944-1948.
8. Cohen, J. D., Barch, D. M., Carter, C., & Servan-Schreiber, D. (1999). Context-processing deficits in schizophrenia: Converging evidence from three theoretically motivated cognitive tasks. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 108, 120-133.
9. Cohen, J. D., Dunbar, K., & McCelland, J. L. (1990). On the control of automatic processes: A parallel distributed processing account of the Stroop effect. Psychological Review, 97, 332-361.
10. Curran, T., Hills, A., Patterson, M. B., & Strauss, M. E. (2001). Effects of aging on visuospatial attention: An ERP study. Neuropsychologia, 39, 288-301.
11. Donchin, E., & Coles, M. G. H. (1988). Is the P300 component a manifestation of context updating? Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 11, 557-427.
12. Flakenstein, M., Hoorman, J., & Hohnbein, J. (2001). Changes of error-related ERPs with age. Experimental Brain Research, 138, 258-262.
13. Ford, J. M., Hink, R. F., Hopkins, W. F., III, Roth W. T., Pfefferbaum, A., & Kopell, B. S. (1979). Age effects on event-related potentials in a selective attention task. Journal of Gerontology, 34, 388-395.
14. Gehring, W. J., Goss, B., Coles, M. G. H., Meyer, D. E., & Donchin, E. (1993). A neural system for error detection and compensation. Psychological Science, 4, 385-390.
15. Hartley, A. A. (1993). Evidence of the selective preservation of spatial attention in old age. Psychology and Aging, 8, 371-379.
16. Holroyd, C. B., & Coles, M. G. H. (2002). The neural basis of human error processing: Reinforcement learning, dopamine, and the error-related negativity. Psychological Review, 109, 679-709.
17. Lindsay, D. S., Jacoby, L. L. (1994). Stroop process dissociations: The relationship between facilitation and interference. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 20, 219-234.
18. Liotti, M., Woldorff, M. G., Perez, R., III, & Mayberg, H. S. (2000). An ERP study of the temporal course of the Stroop color-word interference effect. Neuropsychologia, 38, 701-711.
19. MacDonald, A. W., III, Cohen, J. D., Stenger, V. A., & Carter, C. S. (2000). Dissociating the role of the dorsolateral prefrontal and anterior cingulate cortex in cognitive control. Science, 288, 1835-1838.
20. MacLeod, C. M. (1991). Half a century of research on the Stroop effect: An integrative review. Psychological Bulletin, 109, 163-203.
21. Mangun, G. R., & Hillyard, S. A. (1995). Mechanisms and models of selective attention. In M. D. Rugg & M. G. H. Coles (Eds.), Electrophysiology of mind: event-related brain potentials and cognition (pp. 40-85). New York: Oxford.
22. McNeely, H. E., Christensen, B. K., West, R., & Alain, C. (in press). Neurophysiological evidence for disturbances of conflict processing in patients with schizophrenia. Journal of Abnormal Psychology.
23. Milham, M. P., Banich, M. T., Webb, A., Barad, V., Cohen, N. J., Wszalek, T., & Kramer, A. F. (2001). The relative involvement of anterior cingulate and prefrontal cortex in attentional control depends on nature of conflict. Cognitive Brain Research, 12, 467-473.
24. Milham, M. P., Erickson, K. I., Banich, M. T., Kramer, A. F., Webb, A., Wszalek, T., & Cohen, N. J. (2002). Attentional control in the aging brain: Insights from an fMRI study of the Stroop task. Brain and Cognition, 49, 277-296.
25. Nieuwenhuis, S., Ridderinkhof, K. K., Talsma, D., Coles, M. G. H., Holroyd, C. B., Kok, A., & van der Molen, M. W. (2002). A computational account of altered error processing in older age: Dopamine and the error-related negativity. Cognitive, Affective, & Behavioral Neuroscience, 2, 19-36.
26. Norman, D. A., & Shallice, T. (1980). Attention to action: Willed and automatic control of behavior (Tech. Rep. No. 99). La Jolla, CA: Centre for Human Information Processing.
27. Pardo, J. V., Pardo, J. P., Janer, K. W., & Raichle, M. E. (1990). The anterior cingulate cortex mediates processing selection in the Stroop attentional conflict paradigm. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, U.S.A., 87, 256-259.
28. Picton, T. W., Bentin, S., Berg, P., Donchin, E., Hillyard, S. A., Johnson, R., Miller, G. A., Ritter, W., Ruchkin, D. S., Rugg, M. D., & Taylor, M. J. (2000). Guidelines for using human event-related potential to study cognition: Recording standards and publication criteria. Psychophysiology, 37, 127-152.
29. Polich, J. (1996). Meta-analysis of P300 normative aging studies. Psychophysiology, 33, 334-353.
30. Spieler, D. H., Balota, D. A., & Faust, M. E. (1996). Stroop performance in healthy younger and older adults and in individuals with dementia of the Alzheimer's type. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 22, 461-479.
31. Stroop, J. R. (1935). Studies of interference in serial verbal reactions. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 18, 643-661.
32. van Veen, V., & Carter, C. S. (2002). The timing of action-monitoring processes in the anterior cingulate cortex. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 15, 593-602.
33. Verhaeghen, P., & De Meersman, L. (1998). Aging and the Stroop effect: A meta-analysis. Psychology and Aging, 13, 120-126.
34. West, R. (1999a). Visual distraction, working memory, and aging. Memory & Cognition, 27, 1064-1072.
35. West, R. (1999b). Age differences in lapses of intention in the Stroop task. Journal of Gerontology. Series B, Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 54, P34-P43.
36. West, R. (2003). Neural correlates of cognitive control and conflict detection in the Stroop and digit-location tasks. Neuropsychologia, 41, 1122-1135.
37. West, R., & Alain, C. (2000a). Effect of task context and fluctuations of attention on neural activity supporting performance of the Stroop task. Brain Research, 873, 102-111.
38. West, R., & Alain, C. (2000b). Evidence for the transient nature of a neural system supporting goal-directed action. Cerebral Cortex, 8, 748-752.
39. West, R., & Alain, C. (2000c). Age-related decline in inhibitory control contributes to the increased Stroop effect observed in older adults. Psychophysiology, 37, 179-189.
40. West, R., & Baylis, G. C. (1990). Effects of increased response dominance and contextual disintegration on the Stroop interference effect in older adults. Psychology and Aging, 13, 206-217.
41. West, R., & Bell, M. A. (1997). Stroop color-word interference and EEG activation: Evidence for age-related decline in prefrontal functioning. Neuropsychology, 11, 421-427.
42. West, R., Jakubek, K., Wymbs, N., & Perry, M. (2002). Neural correlates of conflict processing in the Stroop and Stoop-like tasks. Poster presented at the meeting of the Cognitive Neuroscience Society, San Francisco, CA, April 2002.