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The intermediate species resulting from the addition of a source of halonium ions to alkenes have been widely used in organic synthesis. However, their application to promote C-C bond formation has been scantly documented. For early illustrative examples of synthesis of carbocycles using this methodology, see: (a) González, A. G.; Martín, J. D.; Pérez, C.; Ramírez, M. A. Tetrahedron Lett. 1976, 137.
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31
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1642310025
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note
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1d and 1e are terminal alkenes that react in this process at reasonably fast rates. In sharp contrast to this trend, allylphenyl ether cannot be cyclized to the parent 3-iodochroman using this approach.
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32
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1642365316
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note
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2I.
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33
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1642275849
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note
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The use of N-methyl-N-allylaniline as starting material did not result in the desired heterocycle. Protection of the secondary amines as sulfonyl derivatives provided satisfactory model compounds.
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34
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1642335982
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note
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13C), MS, and analytical data in good agreement with the proposed structures (see Supporting Information).
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35
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0035825106
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2, to furnish the desired heterocycle 10 as the major component (78:22) of a mixture of regioisomers, that also contains the related endocyclic alkene (4-methyl-chromene), see: Shezad, N.; Clifford, A. A. ; Rayner, C. M. Tetrahedron Lett. 2001, 42, 323.
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Shezad, N.1
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Rayner, C.M.3
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36
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0000036785
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A test NMR experiment for 1b at -80 °C showed the appearance of a mixture of intermediates whose signals might be compatible with the proposed intermediacy of A and C. Further work and theoretical calculations are in progress to ascertain the mechanism pathway. For a stable iodonium ion, see: Brown, R. S.; Nagorski, R. W.; Bennet, A. J.; McClung, R. E: D.; Aarts, G. H. M.; Klobukowski, M.; McDonald, R.; Santarsiero, B. D. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 2448.
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Santarsiero, B.D.8
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37
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1642402566
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note
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The different availability of the lone pair of electrons onto the oxygen atom in ethers 1 compared to that onto nitrogen in sulfonamides 5 could argue in favor of differences observed between this two series.
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38
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1642306757
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note
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4, after reaction for 1 h at -85 °C, 32% of its isomer 1f was isolated from the crude reaction mixture.
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39
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0034734314
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A related observation has been recently noticed in the cyclization of geranyl phenyl ether 1f using a chiral Brønsted acid as promoter, that led to a tricyclic compound similar to 4, with a proton in place of the iodine. However, this rearrangement seems to follow an abnormal Claisen rearrangement to ortho-substituted phenol at -78 °C previous to the cyclization. See: Nakamura, S.; Ishihara, K.; Yamamoto, H. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2000, 122, 8131.
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0001688737
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The regiochemistry is opposite to that in the palladium(0)-catalyzed cyclization of o-iodoaryl allyl ethers that gave substituted benzofurans, see: Larock, R. C.; Stinn, D. E. Tetrahedron Lett. 1988, 29, 4687.
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41
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37049095328
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These are new examples of the known preference for the formation of six-membered rings (6-endo-trig approach) over the related five-membered (5-exo-trig) in cationic-like cyclization of 1,5-dienes, see: (a) Sutherland, J. K. Chem. Soc. Rev. 1980, 9, 265. The noticed selectivity can be interpreted as a consequence of a cyclization taking place according to the Stork-Eschenmoser postulate:
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Sutherland, J.K.1
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0001418150
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(b) Barlett, P. A. In Asymmetric Synthesis; Morrison, J. D., Ed.; Academic: New York, 1984; Vol. 3, pp 341-409.
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