The sting at the end of the tail: Damaging winds associated with extratropical cyclones

Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society

Volumn 130, Issue 597 PART B, 2004, Pages 375-399

  Browning, K A ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF READING   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Bent back front; Cloud hook; Evaporative cooling; Mesoscale; Satellite imagery; Slantwise convection

Indexed keywords

CLOUDS; EVAPORATION; STORMS; WEATHER SATELLITES; WIND EFFECTS;

SATELLITE IMAGERY;

METEOROLOGY;

CYCLONE; DAMAGE; MESOSCALE METEOROLOGY; SOCIOECONOMIC IMPACT; SURFACE WIND;

ENGLAND; EURASIA; EUROPE; UNITED KINGDOM; WESTERN EUROPE;

EID: 1642333178     PISSN: 00359009     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1256/qj.02.143     Document Type: Article

References (48)

1. Bader, M. J., Forbes, G. S., Grant, J. R., Lilley, R. B. E. and Waters, A.J. 1995 Images in weather forecasting. Cambridge University Press
2. Blier, W. and Wakimoto, R. M. 1995 Observations of the early evolution of an explosive oceanic cyclone during ERICA IOP 5. Part I: Synoptic overview and mesoscale frontal structure. Mon. Weather Rev, 123, 1288-1310
3. Böttger, H., Eckardt, M. and Katergiannakis, U. 1975 Forecasting extratropical storms with hurricane intensity using satellite information. J. Appl. Meteorol., 14, 1259-1265
4. Browning, K. A. 1999 'Mesoscale aspects of extratropical cyclones: an observational perspective'. Pp. 265-283 in The life cycles of extratropical cyclones. Eds. M. A. Shapiro and S. Grøås. American Meteorological Society. Boston, Mass., USA
5. Browning, K. A. 2003 'Mesoscale substructure of extratropical cyclones observed by radar'. Pp. 7-32, Chapter 2 in Meteorol. Monograph., 30, No. 52. Eds. R. M. Wakimoto and R. Srivastava. American Meteorological Society, Boston, Mass., USA
6. Browning, K. A. and Dicks, E. M. 2001 Mesoscale structure of a polar low with strong upper-level forcing. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 127, 359-375
7. Browning, K. A. and Monk, G. A. 1982 A simple model for the synoptic analysis of cold fronts. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 108, 435-452
8. Browning, K. A. and Roberts, N. M. 1999 Mesoscale analysis of arc rainbands in a dry slot. Q. J R. Meteorol. Soc., 125, 3495-3511
9. Browning, K. A. and Wang, C.-G. 2002 Cloud-top striations above ana-cold frontal circulations. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 128, 477-499
10. Browning, K. A., Clough, S. A., Davitt, C. S. A., Roberts, N. M., Hewson, T. D. and Healey, P. G. W. 1995 Observations of the mesoscale substracture in the cold air of a developing frontal cyclone. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 121, 1229-1254
11. Browning, K. A., Roberts, N. M. and Sim, C. S. 1996 A mesoscale vortex diagnosed from combined satellite and model data. Meteorol. Apps., 3, 1-4
12. Browning, K. A., Ballard, S. P. and Davitt, C. S. A. 1997 High-resolution analysis of frontal fracture. Mon. Weather Rev., 125, 1212-1230
13. Browning, K. A., Chapman, D. and Dixon, R. S. 2001 Stacked slantwise convective circulations. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 127, 2513-2536
14. Burt, S. D. and Mansfield, D. A. 1988 The Great Storm of 15-16 October 1987. Weather, 43, 90-114
15. Carr, F. H. and Millard, J. P. 1985 A composite study of comma clouds and their association with severe weather over the Great Plains. Mon. Weather Rev., 113, 370-387
16. Dixon, R. S., Browning, K. A. and Shutts, G. J. 2002 The relation of moist symmetric instability and upper-level potential-vorticity anomalies to the observed evolution of cloud heads. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 128, 839-859
17. Forbes, R. M. and Clark, P. A. 2003 Sensitivity of extratropical cyclone mesoscale structure to the parametrization of ice microphysical processes. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 129, 1123-1148
18. Fujita, T. T. 1985 'The Downburst'. SMRP Research paper 210. Dept of Geophys. Sciences. The University of Chicago
19. Gadd, A. J. and Morris, R. M. 1988 Guidance available at Bracknell for the storm of 15/16 October 1987, and the forecasters' conclusions at the time. Meteorol. Mag., 117, 110-117
20. Gray, S. L. and Thorpe, A. J. 2001 Parcel theory in three dimensions and the calculation of SCAPE. Mon. Weather Rev., 129, 1656-1672
21. Griffiths, M., Thorpe, A. J. and Browning, K. A. 2000 Convective destabilization by a tropopause fold diagnosed using potential-vorticity inversion. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 126, 125-144
22. Grønås, S. 1995 The seclusion intensification of the New Year's day storm 1992. Tellus, 47A, 733-746
23. Hewson, T. D. 1993 'The FRONTS 92 experiment: a quick-look atlas'. JCMM Internal Report No. 15. (Copy available from the Joint Centre for Mesoscale Meteorology, Dept of Meteorology, University of Reading.)
24. Kuo, Y.-H. and Reed, R. J. 1988 Numerical simulation of an explosive deepening cyclone in the eastern Pacific. Mon. Weather Rev., 116, 2081-2105
25. MacKeen, P., Andra, D. L. and Morris, D. A. 1998 'The 22-23 May 1996 heatburst: a severe wind event'. Pp. 510-513 in Proceedings of the conference on severe local storms. American Meteorological Society, Minneapolis, USA
26. Mass, C. F. and Schultz, D. M. 1993 The structure and evolution of a simulated midlatitude cyclone over land. Mon. Weather Rev., 121, 889-917
27. McCallum, E. 1990 The Burns' Day storm, 25 January 1990. Weather, 45, 166-173
28. Neiman, P. J. and Shapiro, M. A. 1993 The life cycle of an extratropical marine cyclone. Part I: Frontal-cyclone evolution and thermodynamic air-sea interaction. Mon. Weather Rev., 121, 2153-2176
29. Neiman, P. J., Shapiro, M. A., Donall, E.G. and Kreitzberg, C. W. 1990 Diabatic modifications of an extratropical marine cyclone warm sector by cold underlying water. Mon. Weather Rev., 118, 1576-4590
30. Neiman, P. J., Shapiro, M. A. and Fedor, L. F. 1993 The life cycle of an extratropical marine cyclone. Part II: Mesoscale structure and diagnostics. Mon. Weather Rev., 121, 2177-2199
31. Newton, C. W. and Holopainen, E. O. (Eds.) 1990 Extratropical cyclones: the Eric Palmén memorial volume. American Meteorological Society, Boston, Mass., USA
32. Ottersten, H. 1969 Mean vertical gradient of potential refractive index in turbulent mixing and radar detection of CAT. Radio Science, 4, 1247-1249
33. Pearce, R., Lloyd, D. and McConnell, D. 2001 The post-Christmas 'French' storms of 1999. Weather, 56, 81-91
34. Pedgley, D. E. 1997 The Fastnet storm of 1979: a mesoscale surface jet. Weather, 56, 230-242
35. Reed, R. J. and Albright, M. D. 1986 A case study of explosive cyclogenesis in the eastern Pacific. Mon. Weather Rev., 114, 2297-2319
36. Reed, R. J. and Albright, M. D. 1997 Frontal structure in the interior of an intense mature ocean cyclone. Weather and Forecasting, 12, 866-876
37. Sanders, F. and Gyakum, J. R. 1980 Synoptic-dynamic climatology of the 'bomb'. Mon. Weather Rev., 108, 1589-1606
38. Schultz, D. M. 2001 Re-examining the cold conveyor belt. Mon. Weather Rev., 129, 2205-2225
39. Schultz, D. M. and Schumacher, P. N. 1999 The use and misuse of conditional symmetric instability. Mon. Weather Rev., 127, 2709-2732; corrigenduM, 128, 4143-4148
40. Shapiro, M. A. and Grøonås, S. (Eds.) 1999 The life cycles of extratropical cyclones. American Meteorological Society, Boston, Mass., USA
41. Shapiro, M. A. and Keyser, D. 1990 'Fronts, jet streams and the tropopause'. Pp. 167-191 in Extra-tropical cyclones: the Eric Palmén memorial volume. American Meteorological Society, Boston, Mass., USA
42. Shapiro, M., Wernli, H., Bao, J.-W., Methven, J., Zou, X., Doyle, J., Holt, T., Donall-Grell, E. and Neiman, P. 1999 A planetary-scale to mesoscale perspective of the life cycles of extratroprical cyclones: the bridge between theory and observations. Pp. 139-185 in The life cycles of extratropical cyclones. American Meteorological Society, Boston, Mass., USA
43. Schutts, G. J. 1990 Dynamical aspects of the October storm, 1987: A study of a successful fine-mesh simulation. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 116, 1315-1347
44. Ulbrich, U., Fink, A. H., Klawa, M. and Pinto, J. G. 2001 Three extreme storms over Europe in December 1999. Weather, 56, 70-80
45. Wakimoto, R. M., Nolan, N. T. and Liu, C. 1995 Observations of the early evolution of an explosive oceanic cyclone during ERICA IOP 5. Part II: Airborne Doppler analysis of the mesoscale circulation and frontal structure. Mon. Weather Rev., 123, 1311-1327
46. Wernli, H., Dirren, S., Liniger, M. A. and Zillig, M. 2002 Dynamical aspects of the life cycle of the winter storm 'Lothar' (24-26 December 1999). Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 128, 405-429
47. Woodroffe, A. 1988 Summary of weather pattern developments of the storm of 15/16 October 1987. Meteorol. Mag., 117, 99-103
48. Young, M. V. and Grahame, N. S. 1999 Forecasting the Christmas Eve storm 1997. Weather, 54, 382-391