A mechanism and simple dynamical model of the North Atlantic Oscillation and annular modes

Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences

Volumn 61, Issue 3, 2004, Pages 269-280

  Vallis, Geoffrey K ^a   Gerber, Edwin P ^a   Kushner, Paul J ^a   Cash, Benjamin A ^a  

^a PRINCETON UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

MATHEMATICAL MODELS; OCEAN ENGINEERING; OSCILLATIONS; STORMS;

ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES; EXTRATROPICAL ATMOSPHERES;

ATMOSPHERICS;

ATMOSPHERIC DYNAMICS; BAROCLINIC MOTION; CIRCULATION MODELING; NORTH ATLANTIC OSCILLATION; SEASONAL VARIATION; ZONAL FLOW;

EID: 1642332485     PISSN: 00224928     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1175/1520-0469(2004)061<0264:amasdm>2.0.co;2     Document Type: Article

References (28)

1. Ambaum, M. H. P., B. J. Hoskins, and D. B. Stephenson, 2001: Arctic Oscillation or North Atlantic Oscillation? J. Climate, 14, 3495-3507.
2. Branstator, G., 1992: The maintenance of low-frequency anomalies. J. Atmos. Sci., 49, 1924-1945.
3. Cash, B. A., P. Kushner, and G. K. Vallis, 2002: The structure and composition of the annular modes in an aquaplanet general circulation model. J. Atmos. Sci., 59, 3399-3414.
4. Cohen, J., and K. Saito, 2002: A test of annular modes. J. Climate, 15, 2537-2546.
5. DeWeaver. E., and S. Nigam, 2000: Zonal-eddy dynamics of the North Atlantic Oscillation. J. Climate, 13, 3893-3914.
6. Feldstein, S. B., 2000: The timescale, power spectra, and climate noise properties of teleconnection patterns. J. Climate, 13, 4430-4440.
7. Feldstein, S. B., and S. Lee, 1998: Is the atmospheric zonal index driven by an eddy feedback? J. Atmos. Sci., 55, 3077-3086.
8. Held, I. M., 2000: Lectures. Proc. Program in Geophysical Fluid Dynamics: The General Circulation of the Atmosphere, Woods Hole, MA, WHOI. [Available online at: http://gfd.whoi.edu/proceedings.html.]
9. James, I., and P. M. James, 1992: Spatial structure of ultra-low frequency variability of the flow in a simple atmospheric circulation model. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 118, 1211-1233.
10. Lau, N.-C., 1988: Variability of the observed midlatitude storm tracks in relation to low-frequency changes in the circulation pattern. J. Atmos. Sci., 45, 2718-2743.
11. Lee, S., 1997: Maintenance of multiple jets in a baroclinic flow. J. Atmos. Sci., 54, 1726-1738.
12. Limpasuvan, V., and D. L. Hartmann, 2000: Wave-maintained annular modes of climate variability. J. Climate, 13, 4414-4429.
13. Lorenz, D. J., and D. L. Hartmann, 2001: Eddy-zonal flow feedback in the Southern Hemisphere. J. Atmos. Sci., 58, 3312-3327.
14. Maltrud, M. E., and G. K. Vallis, 1991: Energy spectra and coherent structures in forced two-dimensional and beta-plane turbulence. J. Fluid Mech., 228, 321-342.
15. Orlanski, I., 1998: On the poleward deflection of storm tracks. J. Atmos. Sci., 55, 128-154.
16. Rhines, P. B., 1977. The dynamics of unsteady currents. The Sea, E. A. Goldberg et al., Eds., Ocean Engineering Science, Vol. 6, Wiley and Sons, 189-318.
17. Robinson, W. A., 2000: A baroclinic mechanism for eddy feedback on the zonal index. J. Atmos. Sci., 57, 415-422.
18. Salmon, R., 1980: Baroclinic instability and geostrophic turbulence. Geophys. Astrophys. Fluid Dyn., 10, 25-52.
19. Simmons, A., and B. Hoskins, 1978: The life-cycles of some nonlinear baroclinic waves. J. Atmos. Sci., 35, 414-432.
20. Smith, K. S., G. Boccaletti, C. Henning, I. Marinov, F. Tam, I. Held, and G. K. Vallis, 2002: Turbulent diffusion in the geostrophic inverse cascade. J. Fluid Mech., 77, 34-54.
21. Stephenson, D. B., V. Pavan, and R. Bajariu, 2000: Is the North Atlantic Oscillation a random walk? Int. J. Climatol., 20, 1-18.
22. Thompson, D. W. J., and J. M. Wallace, 2000: Annular modes in the extratropical circulation. Part I: Month-to-month variability. J. Climate, 13, 1000-1016.
23. Vallis, G. K., and M. E. Maltrud, 1993: Generation of mean flows and jets on a beta plane and over topography. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 23, 1346-1362.
24. Walker, G. T., and E. W. Bliss, 1932: World weather V. Mem. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 4, 53-83.
25. Wallace, J. M., 2000: North Atlantic Oscillation/Annular Mode: Two paradigms-One phenomenon. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 126, 791-805.
26. Wallace, J. M., and D. S. Gutzler, 1981: Teleconnections in the geopotential height field during the Northern Hemisphere winter. Mon. Wea. Rev., 109, 784-812.
27. Wanner, H., S. Bronnimann, C. Casty, D. Gyalistras, J. Luterbacher, C. Schmutz, D. B. Stephenson, and E. Zoplaki, 2002: North Atlantic Oscillation-Concepts and studies. Surv. Geophys., 22, 321-381.
28. Whitaker, J. S., and P. D. Sardeshmukh, 1998: A linear theory of extratropical eddy statistics. J. Atmos. Sci., 55, 237-258.