The development of the male genitourinary systems: III. The formation of the spongiose and glandar urethra

British Journal of Plastic Surgery

Volumn 57, Issue 3, 2004, Pages 203-214

  Hynes, Pat J ^a   Fraher, J P ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY COLLEGE CORK   (Ireland)

Author keywords

Hypospadias; Urethra; Urethral folds; Urethral groove

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; COMPUTER AIDED DESIGN; HUMAN; HYPOSPADIAS; IMAGE RECONSTRUCTION; MALE; MESODERM; ORGANOGENESIS; PRIORITY JOURNAL; THREE DIMENSIONAL IMAGING; URETHRA; URETHRA MALFORMATION; UROGENITAL SYSTEM;

EID: 1642324352     PISSN: 00071226     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.bjps.2003.08.017     Document Type: Article

References (29)

1. Vaughan ED, Middleton GW. Pertinent genitourinary embryology: review for practicing urologist. Urol 1975;6:139-49.
2. Devine CJ. Embryology of the male external genitalia. Clin Plast Surg 1980;7:141-8.
3. Bellinger MF. Embryology of the male external genitalia. Urol Clin North Am 1981;8:375-82.
4. Moore KL. The urogenital system. In: Wonsiewicz M, editor. The developing human. London: WB Saunders Company; 1988. p. 271-85.
5. McLachlan J. External genitalia. In: Hogg J, Keany S, editors. Medical embryology. Wokingham: Addison-Wesley Publishing Company; 1994. p. 316-59.
6. Tourneux F. Sur les premiers developpements du cloaque du tubercule genital et de l'anus chez l'embryon de mouton. J Anatomie 1888;24:503-17.
7. Retterer E. Sur l'origine et l'evolution de la region anogenitale des mammiferes. J Anatomie 1890;26:126-216.
8. McCardy E. The development and fate of the urinogenital sinus in the opossum, didelphys virginiana. J Morphol 1940; 66:131-54.
9. Glenister TW. A correlation of the normal and abnormal development of the penile urethra and of the infra-umbilical abdominal wall. Br J Urol 1958;30:117-26.
10. Altemus AR, Hutchins GM. Development of the human anterior urethra. J Urol 1991;146:1085-93.
11. Williams DI. The development and abnormalities of the penile urethra. Acta Anat 1952;15:176-85.
12. Glenister TW. The origin and fate of the urethral plate in man. J Anat 1968;88:413-25.
13. Van Der Putte SCJ, Neeteson FA. The normal development of the anorectum in the pig. Acta Morphol Neerl-Scand 1983; 21:107-32.
14. Van Der Putte SCJ, Neeteson FA. The pathogenesis of hereditary congenital malformations of the anorectum in the pig. Acta Morphol Neerl-Scand 1984;22:17-40.
15. Van der Putte SCJ. Normal and abnormal development of the anorectum. J Paediatr Surg 1986;21:434-40.
16. Kluth D, Lambrecht W, Reich P. Pathogenesis of hypospadias-more questions than answers. J Paediatr Surg 1988;23: 1095-101.
17. Sharpe R, Skakkebaek N. Are oestrogens involved in falling sperm counts and disorders of the male reproductive tract? Lancet 1993;341:1392-5.
18. Paul M, Kanagasuntheram R. The congenital anomalies of the lower urinary tract. Br J Urol 1956;28(2):118-25.
19. Rowsell AR, Morgan BDG. Hypospadias and the embryogenesis of the penile urethra. Br J Plast Surg 1987;40:201.
20. Peled I, Har-Shai Y, Berger Y. Chordee: different concept and new trend of treatment. Plast Reconstr Surg 1993;91(3): 556-60.
21. Ferguson MV. Palate development. Development 1988;103: 41-60.
22. Hynes P, Fraher J. The development of the male genitourinary system. I. the origin of the urorectal septum and the formation of the perineum. Br J Plast Surg 2004;57:27-36.
23. Hynes P, Fraher J. The development of the male genitourinary system: II. the origin and formation of the urethral plate. Br J Plast Surg 2004;57:112-21
24. Albers N, Ulrichs C, Gluer S, Hiort O, Sinnecker GHG, Mildenberber H, Brodehl J. Etiologic classification of severe hypospadias: implications for prognosis and management. J Pediatr 1997;131:386-92.
25. Silver RI, Russell DW. 5α reductase type 2 mutations are present in some boys with isolated hypospadias. J Urol 1999; 162:1142-5.
26. Kurzrock EA, Jegatheesan P, Cunha GR, Baskin LS. Urethral development in the fetal rabbit and induction of hypospadias: a model for human development. J Urol 2000;164: 1786-92.
27. Baskin LS, Erol A, Ying WL, Cunha GR. Anatomical studies of hypospadias. J Urol 1998;160:1108-15.
28. Snodgrass W, Patterson K, Plaire JC, Grady R, Mitchel ME. Histology of the urethral plate: implications for hypospadias repair. J Urol 2000;164:988-90.
29. Salle JLP, Sibai H, Rosenstein D, Brzezinski AE, Corcos J. Urethral duplication in the male: review of 16 cases. J Urol 2000;163:1936-40.