The development of the male genitourinary system: II. The origin and formation of the urethral plate

British Journal of Plastic Surgery

Volumn 57, Issue 2, 2004, Pages 112-121

  Hynes, Pat J ^a   Fraher, J P ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY COLLEGE CORK   (Ireland)

Author keywords

Cloaca; Epispadias; Hypospadias; Urethra; Urethral plate

Indexed keywords

ANATOMICAL VARIATION; ARTICLE; BLADDER EXSTROPHY; CELL PROLIFERATION; CLOACA; CONTROLLED STUDY; ECTODERM; EMBRYO DEVELOPMENT; ENDODERM; EPISPADIAS; HISTOLOGY; HUMAN; HUMAN TISSUE; HYPOSPADIAS; IMAGE ANALYSIS; MALE; MESODERM; PRIORITY JOURNAL; TOPOGRAPHY; URETHRA; UROGENITAL TRACT MALFORMATION;

EID: 1242352981     PISSN: 00071226     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.bjps.2003.08.018     Document Type: Article

References (25)

1. Vaughan ED, Middleton GW. Pertinent genitourinary embryology: review for practicing urologist. Urology 1975;6: 139-49.
2. Williams DI. The development and abnormalities of the penile urethra. Acta Anat 1952;15:176-85.
3. Van der Putte SCJ. Normal and abnormal development of the anorectum. J Paediatr Surg 1986;21:434-40.
4. Van Der Putte SCJ, Neeteson FA. The normal development of the anorectum in the pig. Acta Morphol Neerl-Scand 1983; 21:107-32.
5. Devine CJ. Embryology of the male external genitalia. Clin Plast Surg 1980;7:141-8.
6. Bellinger MF. Embryology of the mate external genitalia. Urol Clin North Am 1981;8:375-82.
7. Moore KL. The urogenital system. In: Wonsiewicz M, editor. The developing human. London: WB Saunders Company; 1988. p. 271-85.
8. McLachlan J. External genitalia. In: Hogg J, Keany S, editors. Medical embryology. Wokingham: Addison-Wesley Publishing Company; 1994. p. 316-59.
9. Paul M, Kanagasuntheram R. The congenital anomalies of the lower urinary tract. Br J Urol 1956; 28(1):64-74.
10. Glenister TW. The origin and fate of the urethral plate in man. J Anat 1968;88:413-25.
11. Retterer E. Sur l'origine et l'evolution de la region anogenitale des mammiferes. J Anatomie 1890;26:126-216.
12. Forsberg JG. On the development of the cloaca and the perineum and the formation of the urethral plate in female rat embryos. J Anat 1961;95:423-35.
13. Tourneux F. Sur les premiers developpements du cloaque du tubercule genital et de l'anus chez l'embryon de mouton. J Anatomie 1888;24:503-17.
14. McCardy E. The development and fate of the urinogenital sinus in the opossum, Didelphys virginiana. J Morphol 1940; 66:131-54.
15. Burns RK. The differentiation of the phallus in the opossum and its reactions to sex hormones. Contrib Embryol Carnegie 1942;30:147-62.
16. Kluth D, Lambrecht W, Reich P. Pathogenesis of hypospadias-more questions than answers. J Paediatr Surg 1988;23: 1095-101.
17. Altemus AR, Hutchins GM. Development of the human anterior urethra. J Urol 1991;146:1085-93.
18. Yachia D. Cleft glans penis associated with midshaft epispadias: a successfully treated rare anomaly of the penis. J Paediatr Surg 1994;29:573-5.
19. Ahmed AH, El-Khatib HA. Primary repair of whole-shaft epispadias with cleft glans penis in a 30-year-old man. Plast Reconstr Surg 1998; 102:264-5.
20. Patten BM, Barry A. The genesis of exstrophy of the bladder and epispadias. Am J Anat 1952;90:35-53.
21. Rowsell AR, Morgan BDG. Hypospadias and the embryogenesis of the penile urethra. Br J Plast Surg 1987;40:201.
22. Hynes P, Fraher J. The development of the male genitourinary system I: the origin of the urorectal septum and the formation of the perineum. Br J Plast Surg 2004;57:27-36.
23. Hynes P, Fraher J. The development of the male genitourinary system II: the formation of the spongiose and glandar urethra. Br J Plast Surg in press.
24. Snodgrass W, Patterson K, Plaire JC, Grady R, Mitchel ME. Histology of the urethral plate: implications for hypospadias repair. J Urol 2000;164:988-90.
25. Holland AJA, Smith GHH. Effect of the depth and width of the urethral plate on tubularized incised plate urethrol plasty. J Urol 2000;164:491-8.