Description of Treponema azotonutricium sp. nov. and Treponema primitia sp. nov., the First Spirochetes Isolated from Termite Guts

Applied and Environmental Microbiology

Volumn 70, Issue 3, 2004, Pages 1315-1320

  Graber, Joseph R ^a   Leadbetter, Jared R ^b   Breznak, John A ^a  

^a MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BACTERIA; GENETIC ENGINEERING; MICROBIOLOGY; RNA;

RNA SEQUENCES;

CELL CULTURE;

ACETIC ACID; ADENINE; ALCOHOL; CARBOHYDRATE; CARBON DIOXIDE; GUANINE; HYDROGEN; RNA 16S;

MICROBIOLOGY;

ARTICLE; BACTERIAL GENE; BACTERIAL GENOME; BACTERIAL METABOLISM; BACTERIAL STRAIN; BACTERIUM CULTURE; BACTERIUM ISOLATE; BASE PAIRING; FERMENTATION; GENE SEQUENCE; INTESTINE; ISOPTERA; NONHUMAN; RNA SEQUENCE; RRS GENE; SEQUENCE ANALYSIS; TREPONEMA; TREPONEMA AZOTONUTRICIUM; TREPONEMA PRIMITIA;

ANIMALS; BASE COMPOSITION; DIGESTIVE SYSTEM; DNA, BACTERIAL; DNA, RIBOSOMAL; FERMENTATION; GENOME, BACTERIAL; ISOPTERA; MICROSCOPY, ELECTRON; MOLECULAR SEQUENCE DATA; PHENOTYPE; RNA, BACTERIAL; RNA, RIBOSOMAL, 16S; SPECIES SPECIFICITY; TREPONEMA;

BACTERIA (MICROORGANISMS); ISOPTERA; SPIROCHAETA AURANTIA; SPIROCHAETALES; SPIROCHAETES; TREPONEMA; TREPONEMA AZOTONUTRICIUM; TREPONEMA PRIMITIA;

EID: 1642319541     PISSN: 00992240     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1128/AEM.70.3.1315-1320.2004     Document Type: Article

References (33)

1. Beckwith, T. D., and S. F. Light. 1927. The spirals within the termite gut for class use. Science 66:656-657.
2. Bergthorsson, U., and H. Ochman. 1995. Heterogeneity of genome sizes among natural isolates of Escherichia coli. J. Bacteriol. 177:5784-5789.
3. Birren, B., and E. Lai. 1993. Pulsed field gel electrophoresis: a practical guide. Academic Press. Inc., San Diego, Calif..
4. Breznak, J. A. 2000. Ecology of prokaryotic microbes in the guts of wood- and litter-feeding termites, p. 209-231. In T. Abe, D. E. Bignell, and M. Higashi (ed.), Termites: evolution, sociality, symbiosis, ecology. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, The Netherlands.
5. Breznak, J. A. 2002. Phylogenetic diversity and physiology of termite hindgut spirochetes. Integ. Comp. Biol. 42:313-318.
6. Breznak, J. A., and E. Canale-Parola. 1975. Morphology and physiology of Spirochaeta aurantia strains isolated from aquatic habitats. Arch. Microbiol. 105:1-12.
7. Breznak, J. A., and E. Canale-Parola. 1969. Spirochaeta aurantia, a pigmented, facultatively anaerobic spirochete. J. Bacteriol. 97:386-395.
8. Breznak, J. A., and J. R. Leadbetter. 2002. Termite gut spirochetes. In M. Dworkin (ed.), The prokaryotes: an evolving electronic resource for the microbiological community. [Online.] Springer-Verlag, New York, N.Y.
9. AL, p. 39-46. In N. R. Krieg and J. G. Holt (ed.), Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology, vol. 1. Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore, Md.
10. Fraser, C. M., S. J. Norris, C. M. Weinstock, O. White, G. G. Sutton, R. Dodson, M. Gwinn, E. K. Hickey, R. Clayton, K. A. Ketchum, E. Sodergren, J. M. Hardham, M. P. McLeod, S. Salzberg, J. Peterson, H. Khalak, D. Richardson, J. K. Howell, M. Chidambaram, T. Utterback, L. McDonald, P. Artiach, C. Bowman, M. D. Cotton, C. Fujii, S. Garland, B. Hatch, K. Horst, K. Roberts, M. Sandusky, J. Weidman, H. O. Smith, and J. C. Venter. 1998. Complete genome sequence of Treponema pallidum, the syphilis spirochete. Science 281:375-388.
11. 2-acetogenic spirochete from termite hindguts. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 70:1307-1314.
12. Harwood, C. S., and E. Canale-Parola. 1981. Branched-chain amino acid fermentation by a marine spirochete: strategy for starvation survival. J. Bacteriol. 148:109-116.
13. Hespell, R. B., and E. Canale-Parola. 1970. Carbohydrate metabolism in Spirochaeta stenostrepta. J. Bacteriol. 103:216-226.
14. Janssen, P. H., and H. W. Morgan. 1992. Glucose catabolism by Spirochaeta thermophila RI 19.B1. J. Bacteriol. 174:2449-2453.
15. Klappenbach, J. A., J. M. Dunbar, and T. M. Schmidt. 2000. rRNA operon copy number reflects ecological strategies of bacteria. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 66:1328-1333.
16. Klappenbach, J. A., P. R. Saxman, J. R. Cole, and T. M. Schmidt. 2001. rrndb: the Ribosomal RNA Operon Copy Number Database. Nucleic Acids Res. 29:181-184.
17. Klappenbach, J. A., and T. M. Schmidt. 11 October 2002, posting date. rrndb, release 2.4. [Online.] Thomas M. Schmidt laboratory, Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Mich. http://rrndb.cme.msu.edu/rrndb/servlet/controller.
18. Leadbetter, J. R., and J. A. Breznak. 1996. Physiological ecology of Methanobrevibacter cuticularis sp. nov. and Methanobrevibacter curvatus sp. nov., isolated from the hindgut of the termite Reticulitermes flavipes. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 62:3620-3631.
19. 2 by spirochetes from termite guts. Science 283:686-689.
20. Leidy, J. 1877. On the intestinal parasites of Termes flavipes. Proc. Acad. Natl. Sci. (Philadelphia) 29:146-149.
21. Leidy, J. 1874-1881. The parasites of the termites. J. Acad. Natl. Sci. (Philadelphia) 8:425-447.
22. Lilburn, T. G., K. S. Kim, N. E. Ostrom, K. R. Byzek, J. R. Leadbetter, and J. A. Breznak. 2001. Nitrogen fixation by symbiotic and free-living spirochetes. Science 292:2495-2498.
23. Lilburn, T. G., T. M. Schmidt, and J. A. Breznak. 1999. Phylogenetic diversity of termite gut spirochaetes. Environ. Microbiol. 1:331-345.
24. Mesbah, M., U. Premachandran, and W. B. Whitman. 1989. Precise measurement of the G+C content of deoxyribonucleic acid by high-performance liquid chromatography. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 39:159-167.
25. Neidhardt, F. C., J. L. Ingraham, and M. Schaechter. 1990. Physiology of the bacterial cell. Sinauer Associates, Sunderland, Mass.
26. Pfennig, N., and S. Wagener. 1986. An improved method of preparing wet mounts for photomicrographs of microorganisms. J. Microbiol. Methods 4:303-306.
27. Segel, I. H. 1976. Biochemical calculations, 2nd ed. John Wiley & Sons, New York, N.Y.
28. Stackebrandt, E., and B. M. Goebel. 1994. Taxonomic note: a place for DNA-DNA reassociation and 16S rRNA sequence analysis in the present species definition in bacteriology. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 44:846-849.
29. Stanton, T. B. 1989. Glucose metabolism and NADH recycling by Treponema hyodysenteriae, the agent of swine dysentery. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 55:2365-2371.
30. Stouthamer, A. H. 1979. The search for correlation between theoretical and experimental growth yields. Int. Rev. Biochem. 21:1-47.
31. Thauer, R. K., K. Jungermann, and K. Decker. 1977. Energy conservation in chemotrophic anaerobic bacteria. Bacteriol. Rev. 41:100-180.
32. Weinstock, G. 31 December 2002, revision date. T. denticola Genome Project. [Online.] Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Tex. http://hgsc.bcm.tmc.edu/microbial/Tdenticola.
33. Zhilina, T. N., G. A. Zavarzin, F. A. Rainey, V. V. Kevbrin, N. A. Kostrikina, and A. M. Lysenko. 1996. Spirochaeta alkalica sp. nov., Spirochaeta africana sp. nov., and Spirochaeta asiatica sp. nov., alkaliphilic anaerobes from the continental soda lakes in Central Asia and the East African Rift. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 46:305-312.