Current measurement by real-time counting of single electrons

Nature

Volumn 434, Issue 7031, 2005, Pages 361-364

  Bylander, Jonas ^a   Duty, Tim ^a   Delsing, Per ^a  

^a CHALMERS UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY   (Sweden)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ELECTRONS; MICROELECTRONICS; NETWORKS (CIRCUITS); OSCILLATIONS; QUANTUM THEORY; REAL TIME SYSTEMS; RESISTORS; TUNNEL JUNCTIONS; VOLTAGE CONTROL;

ELECTRON COUNTING; MICROELECTRONIC CIRCUITS; OHM'S LAW; REAL-TIME COUNTING; VOLTAGE DROP;

ELECTRIC CURRENT MEASUREMENT;

PHYSICS;

ARTICLE; ELECTRIC CURRENT; ELECTRIC POTENTIAL; ELECTRON TRANSPORT; MEASUREMENT; PRIORITY JOURNAL; QUANTUM MECHANICS; SIGNAL DETECTION; SURFACE CHARGE;

EID: 16344373050     PISSN: 00280836     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1038/nature03375     Document Type: Article

References (31)

1. Ben-Jacob, E. & Gefen, Y. New quantum oscillations in current driven small junctions. Phys. Lett. A 108, 289-292 (1985).
2. Averin, D. V. & Likharev, K. K. Coulomb blockade of single-electron tunneling, and coherent oscillations in small tunnel junctions. J. Low Temp. Phys. 62, 345-373 (1986).
3. Likharev, K. K., Bakhvalov, N. S., Kazacha, G. S. & Serdyukova, S. I. Single electron tunnel junction array: An electrostatic analog of the Josephson transmission line. IEEE Trans. Magn. 25, 1436-1439 (1989).
4. Averin, D. V., Zorin, A. B. & Likharev, K. K. Bloch oscillations in small Josephson junctions. Sov. Phys. JETP 61, 407-413 (1985).
5. Likharev, K. K. & Zorin, A. B. Theory of the Bloch-wave oscillations in small Josephson junctions. J. Low Temp. Phys. 59, 347-382 (1985).
6. Delsing, P., Likharev, K. K., Kuzmin, L. S. & Claeson, T. Time correlated single electron tunneling in one-dimensional arrays of ultrasmall tunnel junctions. Phys. Rev. Lett. 63, 1861-1864 (1989).
7. Geerligs, L. J. et al. Frequency-locked turnstile device for single electrons. Phys. Rev. Lett. 64, 2691-2694 (1990).
8. Pothier, H., Lafarge, P., Urbina, C., Estève, D. & Devoret, M. H. Single-electron pump based on charging effects. Europhys. Lett. 17, 249-254 (1992).
9. Keller, M. W., Martinis, J. M., Zimmerman, N. M. & Steinbach, A. H. Accuracy of electron counting using a 7-junction electron pump. Appl Phys. Lett. 69, 1804-1806 (1996).
10. Likharev, K. K. in Granular Nanoelectronics (eds Ferry, D., Barker, J. R. & Jacoboni, C.) 371-391 (Plenum, New York, 1991).
11. Flensberg, K., Odintsov, A. A., Liefrink, F. & Teunissen, P. Towards single-electron metrology. Int. J. Mod. Phys. B 13, 2651-2687 (1999).
12. Visscher, E. H. et al. Broadband single-electron tunneling transistor. Appl. Phys. Lett. 68, 2014-2016 (1996).
13. Visscher, E. Technology and Applications of Single-Electron Tunneling Devices. Ph.D thesis, Delft Univ. Technol. (1996).
14. Lu, W., Ii, Z. Q., Pfeiffer, L., West, K. W. & Rimberg, A. J. Real-time detection of electron tunnelling in a quantum dot. Nature 423, 422-425 (2003).
15. Fujisawa, T., Hayashi, T., Hirayama, Y., Cheong, H. D. & Jeong, Y. H. Electron counting of single-electron tunneling current. Appl. Phys. Lett. 84, 2343-2345 (2004).
16. Blanter, Ya. M. & Büttiker, M. Shot noise in mesoscopic conductors. Phys. Rep. 336, 1-166 (2000).
17. Cleland, A. N., Schmidt, J. M. & Clarke, I. Charge fluctuations in small-capacitance junctions. Phys. Rev. Lett. 64, 1565-1568 (1990).
18. Kuzmin, L. S., Nazurov, Yu. V., Haviland, D. B., Delsing, P. & Claeson, T. Coulomb blockade and incoherent tunneling of Cooper pairs in ultrasmall junctions affected by strong quantum fluctuations. Phys. Rev. Lett. 67, 1161-1164 (1991).
19. Delsing, P., Likharev, K. K., Kuzmin, L. S. & Claeson, T. Effect of high-frequency electrodynamic environment on the single-electron tunneling in ultrasmall junctions. Phys. Rev. Lett. 63, 1180-1183 (1989).
20. Korotkov, A. N. Analytical calculation of single-electron oscillations in one-dimensional arrays of tunnel junctions. Phys. Rev. B 50, 17674-17677 (1994).
21. Likharev, K. K. Single-electron transistors: Electrostatic analogs of the de-squids. IEEE Trans. Magn. 23, 1142-1145 (1987).
22. Fulton, T. A. & Dolan, G. J. Observation of single-electron charging effects in small tunnel junctions. Phys. Rev. Lett. 59, 109-112 (1987).
23. Schoelkopf, R. J., Wahlgren, P., Kozhevnikov, A. A., Delsing, P. & Prober, D. E. The radio-frequency single-electron transistor (RF-SET); A fast and ultrasensitive electrometer. Science 280, 1238-1242 (1998).
24. Pashkin, Y. A., Nakamura, Y. & Tsai, J. S. Metallic resistively coupled single-electron transistor. Appl Phys. Lett. 74, 132-134 (1999).
25. Korotkov, A. N. Theoretical analysis of the resistively coupled single-electron transistor. Appl. Phys. Lett. 72, 3226-3228 (1998).
26. Delsing, P., Claeson, T., Kazacha, G. S., Kuzmin, L. S. & Likharev, K. K. 1-D array implementation of the resistively-coupled single-electron transistor. IEEE Trans. Magn. 27, 2581-2584 (1991).
27. Bakhvalov, N. S., Kaxacha, G. S., Likharev, K. K. & Serdyukova, S. I. Single-electron solitons in one-dimensional tunnel structures. Sov. Phys. JETP 68, 581-587 (1989).
28. Dolars, G. J. Offset masks for lift-off photoprocessing. Appl Phys. Lett. 31, 337-339 (1977).
29. Levitov, L. S., Lee, H. & Lesovik, G. B. Electron counting statistics and coherent states of electric current. J. Math. Phys. 37, 4845-4866 (1996).
30. Middleton, A. A. & Wingreen, N. S. Collective transport in arrays of small metallic dots. Phys. Rev. Lett. 71, 3198-3201 (1993).
31. Kaplan, D. M., Sverdlov, V. A. & Likharev, K. K. Coulomb gap, Coulomb blockade, and dynamic activation energy in frustrated single-electron arrays. Phys. Rev. B 68, 45321 (2003).