Spatial heterogeneity at different grain sizes in grazed versus ungrazed sites of the Patagonian steppe

Ecoscience

Volumn 12, Issue 1, 2005, Pages 103-109

  Golluscio, Rodolfo A ^a   Pérez, Juliana A ^a   Paruelo, José M ^a   Ghersa, Claudio M ^a  

^a UNIVERSIDAD DE BUENOS AIRES   (Argentina)

Author keywords

Arid ecosystems; Biomass; Desertification; Fractal dimension; Semivariogram

Indexed keywords

HETEROGENEITY;

PATAGONIA; SOUTH AMERICA; WESTERN HEMISPHERE; WORLD;

EID: 16244386868     PISSN: 11956860     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2980/i1195-6860-12-1-103.1     Document Type: Article

References (35)

1. Adler, P. B. & W. K. Lauenroth, 2001. Livestock exclusion increases the spatial heterogeneity of vegetation in shortgrass steppe. Applied Vegetation Science, 3: 213-222.
2. Adler, P. B., D. A. Raff & W. K. Lauenroth, 2001. The effect of grazing on the spatial heterogeneity of vegetation. Oecologia, 128: 465-479.
3. Aguiar, M. R. & O. E. Sala, 1999. Patch structure, dynamics, and implications for the functioning of arid ecosystems. Trends in Ecology and Evolution, 14: 273-277.
4. Augustine, D. J., 2003. Spatial heterogeneity in the herbaceous layer of a semi-arid savanna ecosystem. Plant Ecology, 167: 319-332.
5. Braun-Blanquet, J., 1932. Plant Sociology: The Study of Plant Communities. (Translation by G. D. Fuller & H. S. Conard of the first edition of Pflanzensoziologie, 1928.) McGraw-Hill, New York, New York.
6. Cid, M. & M. A. Brizuela, 1998. Heterogeneity in tall fescue pastures created and sustained by cattle grazing. Journal of Range Management, 51: 644-649.
7. Correa, M. N., 1971-1984. Flora Patagónica. Colección Científica del INTA (Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria), Buenos Aires.
8. Dale, M. R. T., 1999. Spatial Pattern Analysis in Plant Ecology. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
9. Fernández, R. J. & J. M. Paruelo, 1988. Root systems of two Patagonian shrubs: A quantitative description using a geometrical method. Journal of Range Management, 41: 220-223.
10. Golluscio, R. A., R. J. C. León & S. B. Perelman, 1982. Caracterización de la estepa del oeste de Chubut; su relación con el gradiente anibiental. Boletín de la Sociedad Argentina de Botánica, 21: 299-324.
11. Golluscio, R. A., M. Oesterheld & M. R. Aguiar, in press. Relationship between phenology and life form: A test with twenty-five Patagonian species. Ecography.
12. Greig-Smith, P., 1952. The use of random and contiguous quadrats in the study of the structure of plant communities. Annals of Botany, 16: 293-316.
13. Hofmann, R. R., 1989. Evolutionary steps of ecophysiological adaptation and diversification of ruminants: A comparative view of their digestive system. Oecologia, 78: 443-457.
14. Hurlbert, S. H., 1984. Pseudoreplication and the design of ecological field experiments. Ecological Monographs, 54: 187-211.
15. Jackson, R. B. & M. M. Caldwell, 1993. Geostatistical patterns of soil heterogeneity around individual perennial plants. Journal of Ecology, 81: 683-692.
16. Legendre, P. & L. Legendre, 1998. Numerical Ecology. 2nd Edition. Elsevier, Amsterdam.
17. León, R. J. C., D. Bran, M. Collantes, J. M. Paruelo & A. Soriano, 1998. Grandes unidades de vegetación de la Patagonia. Ecología Austral, 8: 125-144.
18. Microsoft, 1997. Excel 97. Microsoft Corporation, Redmond, Washington.
19. Palmer, M. W., 1988. Fractal geometry: A tool for describing spatial patterns of plant communities. Vegetatio, 75: 91-102.
20. Paruelo, J. M., W. K. Lauenroth & P. A. Roset, 2000. Estimating aboveground plant biomass using a photographic technique. Journal of Range Management, 53: 190-193.
21. Richardson, M. D., D. E. Karcher & L. C. Purcell, 2001. Quantifying turfgrass cover using digital image analysis. Crop Science, 41: 1884-1888.
22. Ryel, R. J., M. M. Caldwell & J. H. Manwaring, 1996. Temporal dynamics of soil spatial heterogeneity in sagebrush-wheatgrass steppe during a growing season, Plant and Soil, 184: 299-309.
23. Sala, O. E., R. A. Golluscio, W. K. Lauenroth & A. Soriano, 1989. Resource partitioning between shrubs and grasses in a Patagonian steppe. Oecologia, 81: 501-505.
24. Schlesinger, W. H., J. F. Reynolds, G. L. Cunningham, L. F. Huenneke, W. M. Jarrell, R. A. Virginia & W. G. Whitford, 1990. Biological feedbacks in global desertification. Science, 247: 1043-1048.
25. Schlesinger, W. H., J. A. Raikes, A. E. Hartley & A. F. Cross, 1996. On the spatial pattern of soil nutrients in desert ecosystems. Ecology, 77: 364-374.
26. Senft, R. L., L. R. Rittenhouse, R. G. Woodmansee, O. E. Sala & D. M. Swift, 1987. Large herbivore foraging and ecological hierarchies. BioScience, 38: 82-87.
27. Soriano, A., 1956. Los distritos florísticos de la Provincia Patagónica. Revista de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, 10: 323-347.
28. StatSoft Inc, 1995. STATISTICA for Windows. StatSoft Inc., Tulsa, Oklahoma.
29. Steel, R. G. D. & J. M. Torrie, 1980. Principles and Procedures of Statistics. 2nd Edition. McGraw-Hill, New York, New York.
30. Tsutsumi, M., M. Shiyomi, H. Hayashi, S. Takahashi & K. Sugawara, 2000. Small-scale spatial heterogeneity of liveshoot biomass of plant species composing sown grassland communities. Grassland Science, 46: 209-216
31. Vallentine, J. F., 2001. Grazing Management. 2nd Edition. Academic Press, San Diego, California.
32. van de Koppel, J., M. Rietkerk, F. van Langevelde, L. Kumar, C. A. Klausmeier, J. M. Fryxell, J. W. Hearne, J. van Andel, N. de Ridder, A. Skidmore, L. Stroosnijder & H. H. T. Prins, 2002. Spatial heterogeneity and irreversible vegetation change in semiarid grazing systems. American Naturalist, 159: 209-218.
33. Wallis DeVries, M. F., E. A. Laca & M. W. Demment, 1999. The importance of scale of patchiness for selectivity in grazing herbivores. Oecologia, 121: 355-363.
34. Weber, G., F. Jeltsch, N. Van Rooyen & S. J. Milton, 1998. Simulated long-term vegetation response to grazing heterogeneity in semi-arid rangelands. Journal of Applied Ecology, 35: 687-699.
35. Wiens, J. A., 1989. Spatial scaling in ecology. Functional Ecology, 3: 385-397.