Vulnerable plaques, inflammation and newer imaging modalities

Journal of Postgraduate Medicine

Volumn 49, Issue 4, 2003, Pages 361-368

  Bhatia, Vishal ^b,c   Bhatia, R ^b   Dhindsa, S ^b   Virk, A ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF HOUSTON   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY AT BUFFALO   (United States)

^c Mercy Hospital of Buffalo   (United States)

Author keywords

Coronary artery disease; Intravascular ultrasound; Vulnerable plaque

Indexed keywords

ANTICOAGULANT AGENT; ANTILIPEMIC AGENT; ANTITHROMBOCYTIC AGENT; BETA ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR BLOCKING AGENT; C REACTIVE PROTEIN; DIPEPTIDYL CARBOXYPEPTIDASE INHIBITOR;

ANGIOCARDIOGRAPHY; ANGIOGRAPHY; ANGIOSCOPY; ATHEROSCLEROTIC PLAQUE; DIAGNOSTIC IMAGING; DISEASE SEVERITY; ELASTOGRAPHY; ELECTRON BEAM TOMOGRAPHY; HEART INFARCTION; HEART MUSCLE ISCHEMIA; HUMAN; IMAGING SYSTEM; INFLAMMATORY INFILTRATE; INTERMETHOD COMPARISON; INTRAVASCULAR ULTRASOUND; NEAR INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY; NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY; POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY; RAMAN SPECTROMETRY; REVIEW; RISK ASSESSMENT; THERMOGRAPHY; ARTICLE; CORONARY ARTERY OBSTRUCTION; CORONARY ARTERY THROMBOSIS; CORONARY BLOOD VESSEL; ENDOSCOPIC ECHOGRAPHY; INFLAMMATION; PATHOLOGY;

ANGIOSCOPY; CORONARY ANGIOGRAPHY; CORONARY STENOSIS; CORONARY THROMBOSIS; CORONARY VESSELS; HUMANS; INFLAMMATION; THERMOGRAPHY; ULTRASONOGRAPHY, INTERVENTIONAL;

EID: 1542749395     PISSN: 00223859     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Review

References (81)

1. Fuster V, Badimon L, Badimon JJ, Chesebro JH. The pathogenesis of coronary artery disease and the acute coronary syndromes. N Engl J Med 1992;326:242-50.
2. Falk E, Shah PK, Fuster V. Coronary plaque disruption. Circulation 1995;92:657-71.
3. Ambrose JA, Tannenbaum MA, Alexopoulos D, Hjemdahl-Monsen CE, Leavy J, Weiss M, et al. Angiographic progression of coronary artery disease and the development of myocardial infarction. J Am Coll Cardiol 1988;12:56-62.
4. Little WC, Constantinescu M, Applegate RJ, Kutcher MA, Burrows MT, Kahl FR, et al. Can coronary angiography predict the site of a subsequent myocardial infarction in patients with mild-to-moderate coronary artery disease? Circulation 1988;78:1157-66.
5. Muller JE, Tofler GH, Stone PH. Circadian variation and triggers of onset of acute cardiovascular disease. Circulation 1989;79:733-43.
6. Richardson PD, Davies MJ, Born GV. Influence of plaque configuration and stress distribution on fissuring of coronary atherosclerotic plaques. Lancet 1989;2:941-4.
7. Buja LM, Willerson JT. Role of inflammation in coronary plaque disruption. Circulation 1994;89:503-5.
8. Fuster V, Fayad ZA, Badimon JJ. Acute coronary syndromes: biology. Lancet. 1999;353:S115-9.
9. Zaman AG, Helft G, Worthley SG, Badimon JJ. The role of plaque rupture and thrombosis in coronary artery disease. Atherosclerosis 2000;149:251-66.
10. Virmani R, Kolodgie FD, Burke AP, Farb A, Schwartz SM. Lessons from sudden coronary death: a comprehensive morphological classification scheme for atherosclerotic lesions. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2000;20:1262-75.
11. Alderman EL, Corley SD, Fisher LD, Chaitman BR, Faxon DP, Foster ED, et al. Five-year angiographic follow-up of factors associated with progression of coronary artery disease in the Coronary Artery Surgery Study (CASS). CASS Participating Investigators and Staff. J Am Coll Cardiol 1993;22:1141-54.
12. Nobuyoshi M, Tanaka M, Nosaka H, Kimura T, Yokoi H, Hamasaki N, et al. Progression of coronary atherosclerosis: is coronary spasm related to progression? J Am Coll Cardiol 1991;18:904-10.
13. Giroud D, Li JM, Urban P, Meier B, Rutishauer W. Relation of the site of acute myocardial infarction to the most severe coronary arterial stenosis at prior angiography. Am J Cardiol 1992;69:729-32.
14. Davies MJ. Stability and instability: two faces of coronary atherosclerosis. The Paul Dudley White Lecture 1995. Circulation. 1996;94:2013-20.
15. van der Wal AC, Becker AE, van der Loos CM, Das PK. Site of intimal rupture or erosion of thrombosed coronary atherosclerotic plaques is characterized by an inflammatory process irrespective of the dominant plaque morphology. Circulation. 1994;89:36-44.
16. Sambola A, Osende J, Hathcock J, Degen M, Nemerson Y, Fuster V, et al. Role of risk factors in the modulation of tissue factor activity and blood thrombogenicity. Circulation 2003;107:973-7.
17. Mazzone A, De Servi S, Ricevuti G, Mazzucchelli I, Fossati G, Pasotti D, et al. Increased expression of neutrophil and monocyte adhesion molecules in unstable coronary artery disease. Circulation 1993;88:358-63.
18. Buffon A, Biasucci LM, Liuzzo G, D'Onofrio G, Crea F, Maseri A. Widespread coronary inflammation in unstable angina. N Engl J Med 2002; 347:5-12.
19. Biasucci LM, D'Onofrio G, Liuzzo G, Zini G, Monaco C, Caligiuri G, et al. Intracellular neutrophil myeloperoxidase is reduced in unstable angina and acute myocardial infarction, but its reduction is not related to ischemia. J Am Coll Cardiol 1996;27:611-6.
20. Zairis MN, Papadaki OA, Manousakis SJ, Thoma MA, Beldekos DJ, Olympios CD, et al. C-reactive protein and multiple complex coronary artery plaques in patients with primary unstable angina. Atherosclerosis 2002;164:355-9.
21. van der Wal AC, Becker AE, Koch KT, Piek JJ, Teeling P, van der Loos CM, et al. Clinically stable angina pectoris is not necessarily associated with histologically stable atherosclerotic plaques. Heart1996;76:312-6.
22. Arbustini E, Grasso M, Diegoli M, Pucci A, Bramerio M, Ardissino D, et al. Coronary atherosclerotic plaques with and without thrombus in ischemic heart syndromes: a morphologic, immunohistochemical, and biochemical study. Am J Cardiol 1991;68:36B-50B.
23. Stefanadis C, Diamantopoulos L, Vlachopoulos C, Tsiamis E, Dernellis J, Toutouzas K, et al. Thermal heterogeneity within human atherosclerotic coronary arteries detected in vivo: A new method of detection by application of a special thermography catheter. Circulation 1999;99:1965-71.
24. Fuster V, Lewis A. Conner Memorial Lecture. Mechanisms leading to myocardial infarction: insights from studies of vascular biology. Circulation 1994;90:2126-46.
25. Loree HM, Kamm RD, Stringfellow RG, Lee RT. Effects of fibrous cap thickness on peak circumferential stress in model atherosclerotic vessels. Circ Res 1992;71:850-8.
26. Loree HM, Tobias BJ, Gibson LJ, Kamm RD, Small DM, Lee RT. Mechanical properties of model atherosclerotic lesion lipid pools. Arterioscler Thromb 1994;14:230-4.
27. Small DM. George Lyman Duff memorial lecture. Progression and regression of atherosclerotic lesions. Insights from lipid physical biochemistry. Arteriosclerosis 1988;8:103-29.
28. Lundberg B. Chemical composition and physical state of lipid deposits in atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis 1985;56:93-110.
29. Biasucci LM, Liuzzo G, Grillo RL, Caligiuri G, Rebuzzi AG, Buffon A, et al. Elevated levels of C-reactive protein at discharge in patients with unstable angina predict recurrent instability. Circulation 1999;99:855-60.
30. Bogaty P, Poirier P, Simard S, Boyer L, Solymoss S, Dagenais GR. Biological profiles in subjects with recurrent acute coronary events compared with subjects with long-standing stable angina. Circulation 2001;103:3062-8.
31. Goldstein JA, Demetriou D, Grines CL, Pica M, Shoukfeh M, O'Neill WW. Multiple complex coronary plaques in patients with acute myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 2000;343:915-22.
32. Maehara A, Mintz GS, Bui AB, Walter OR, Castagna MT, Canos D, et al. Morphologic and angiographic features of coronary plaque rupture detected by intravascular ultrasound. J Am Coll Cardiol 2002;40:904-10.
33. Keaney JF Jr, Vita JA. The value of inflammation for predicting unstable angina. N Engl J Med 2002;347:55-7.
34. Kerensky RA, Wade M, Deedwania P, Boden WE, Pepine CJ. Revisiting the culprit lesion in non-Q-wave myocardial infarction. Results from the VANQWISH trial angiographic core laboratory. J Am Coll Cardiol 2002;39:1456-63.
35. Rioufol G, Finet G, Ginon I, Andre-Fouet X, Rossi R, Vialle E, et al. Multiple atherosclerotic plaque rupture in acute coronary syndrome: a three-vessel intravascular ultrasound study. Circulation 2002;106: 804-8.
36. Ojio S, Takatsu H, Tanaka T, Ueno K, Yokoya K, Matsubara T, et al. Considerable time from the onset of plaque rupture and/or thrombi until the onset of acute myocardial infarction in humans: coronary angiographic findings within 1 week before the onset of infarction. Circulation 2000;102:2063-9.
37. Losordo DW, Rosenfield K, Kaufman J, Pieczek A, Isner JM. Focal compensatory enlargement of human arteries in response to progressive atherosclerosis. In vivo documentation using intravascular ultrasound. Circulation 1994;89:2570-7.
38. Vavuranakis M, Stefanadis C, Toutouzas K, Pitsavos C, Spanos V, Toutouzas P. Impaired compensatory coronary artery enlargement in atherosclerosis contributes to the development of coronary artery stenosis in diabetic patients. An in vivo intravascular ultrasound study. Eur Heart J 1997;18:1090-4.
39. Ahmed JM, Mintz GS, Weissman NJ, Lansky AJ, Pichard AD, Satler LF, et al. Mechanism of lumen enlargement during intracoronary stent implantation: an intravascular ultrasound study. Circulation 2000;102:7-10.
40. Berglund H, Luo H, Nishioka T, Fishbein MC, Eigler NL, Tabak SW, et al. Highly localized arterial remodeling in patients with coronary atherosclerosis: an intravascular ultrasound study. Circulation 1997;96:1470-6.
41. Burke AP, Kolodgie FD, Farb A, Weber D, Virmani R. Morphological predictors of arterial remodeling in coronary atherosclerosis. Circulation 2002;105:297-303.
42. Asakura M, Ueda Y, Yamaguchi O, Adachi T, Hirayama A, Hori M, et al Extensive development of vulnerable plaques as a pan-coronary process in patients with myocardial infarction: an angioscopic study. J Am Coll Cardiol 2001;37:1284-8.
43. Gussenhoven EJ, Essed CE, Lancee CT, Mastik F, Frietman P, van Egmond FC, et al. Arterial wall characteristics determined by intravascular ultrasound imaging: an in vitro study. J Am Coll Cardiol 1989;14:947-52.
44. Potkin BN, Bartorelli AL, Gessert JM, Neville RE, Almagor Y, Roberts WC, et al. Coronary artery imaging with intravascular high-frequency ultrasound. Circulation 1990;81:1575-85.
45. Peters RJ, Kok WE, Havenith MG, Rijsterborgh H, van der Wal AC, Visser CA. Histopathologic validation of intracoronary ultrasound imaging. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 1994;7:230-41.
46. Komiyama N, Berry GJ, Kolz ML, Oshima A, Metz JA, Preuss P, et al. Tissue characterization of atherosclerotic plaques by intravascular ultrasound radiofrequency signal analysis: an in vitro study of human coronary arteries. Am Heart J 2000;140:565-74.
47. Ge J, Baumgart D, Haude M, Gorge G, von Birgelen C, Sack S, et al. Role of intravascular ultrasound imaging in identifying vulnerable plaques. Herz 1999;24:32-41.
48. Mizuno K, Miyamoto A, Satomura K, Kurita A, Arai T, Sakurada M, et al. Angioscopic coronary macromorphology in patients with acute coronary disorders. Lancet 1991;337:809-12.
49. Thieme T, Wernecke KD, Meyer R, Brandenstein E, Habedank D, Hinz A, et al. Angioscopic evaluation of atherosclerotic plaques: validation by histomorphologic analysis and association with stable and unstable coronary syndromes. J Am Coll Cardiol 1996;28:1-6.
50. Fuster V, Badimon L, Cohen M, Ambrose JA, Badimon JJ, Chesebro J. Insights into the pathogenesis of acute ischemic syndromes. Circulation 1988;77:1213-20.
51. Uchida Y, Nakamura F, Tomaru T, Morita T, Oshima T, Sasaki T, et al. Prediction of acute coronary syndromes by percutaneous coronary angioscopy in patients with stable angina. Am Heart J 1995;130: 195-203.
52. Casscells W, Hathorn B, David M, Krabach T, Vaughn WK, McAllister HA, et al. Thermal detection of cellular infiltrates in living atherosclerotic plaques: possible implications for plaque rupture and thrombosis. Lancet 1996;347:1447-51.
53. Verheye S, De Meyer GR, Van Langenhove G, Knaapen MW, Kockx MM. In vivo temperature heterogeneity of atherosclerotic plaques is determined by plaque composition. Circulation 2002;105:1596-601.
54. Ricquier D, Bouillaud F. The uncoupling protein homologues: UCP1, UCP2, UCP3, StUCP and AtUCP. Biochem J 2000;345:161-79.
55. Stefanadis C, Toutouzas K, Tsiamis E, Stratos C, Vavuranakis M, Kallikazaros I, et al. Increased local temperature in human coronary atherosclerotic plaques: an independent predictor of clinical outcome in patients undergoing a percutaneous coronary intervention. J Am Coll Cardiol 2001;37:1277-83.
56. Stefanadis C, Toutouzas K, Vavuranakis M, Tsiamis E, Tousoulis D, Panagiotakos DB, et al . Statin treatment is associated with reduced thermal heterogeneity in human atherosclerotic plaques. Eur Heart J 2002;23:1664-9.
57. Spagnoli LG, Bonanno E, Mauriello A, Palmieri G, Partenzi A, Sangiorgi G, et al. Multicentric inflammation in epicardial coronary arteries of patients dying of acute myocardial infarction. J Am Coll Cardiol 2002;40:1579-88.
58. Stefanadis C, Toutouzas K, Vaina S, Vavuranakis M, Toutouzas P. Thermography of the cardiovascular system. J Interv Cardiol 2002;15:461-6.
59. de Korte CL, Cespedes EI, van der Steen AF, Pasterkamp G, Bom N. Intravascular ultrasound elastography: assessment and imaging of elastic properties of diseased arteries and vulnerable plaque. Eur J Ultrasound 1998;7:219-24.
60. de Korte CL, Carlier SG, Mastik F, Doyley MM, van der Steen AF, Serruys PW, et al. Morphological and mechanical information of coronary arteries obtained with intravascular elastography; feasibility study in vivo. Eur Heart J 2002;23:405-13.
61. Brezinski ME, Tearney GJ, Bouma BE, Izatt JA, Hee MR, Swanson EA, et al. Optical coherence tomography for optical biopsy. Properties and demonstration of vascular pathology. Circulation 1996;93:1206-13.
62. Romer TJ, Brennan JF, Schut TC, Wolthuis R, van den Hoogen RC, Emeis JJ, et al. Raman spectroscopy for quantifying cholesterol in intact coronary artery wall. Atherosclerosis. 1998;141:117-24.
63. Moreno PR, Lodder RA, Purushothaman KR, Charash WE, O'Connor WN, Muller JE. Detection of lipid pool, thin fibrous cap, and inflammatory cells in human aortic atherosclerotic plaques by near-infrared spectroscopy. Circulation. 2002;105:923-7.
64. Arad Y, Roth M, Newstein D, Guerci AD. Coronary Calcification, Coronary Disease Risk Factors, And Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Events: The St. Francis Heart Study. Data presented at 52nd scientific session of ACC, 2003.
65. Breen JB, Sheedy PF, Schwartz RS. Coronary artery calcification detected with ultrafast CT as an indication of coronary artery disease. Radiology 1992;185:435.
66. Bielak LF, Kaufmann RB, Moll PP. Small lesions in the heart identified at electron beam CT. Calcification or noise? Radiology 1994;192:631.
67. Devries S, Wolfkiel C, Fusman B. Influence of age and gender on the presence of coronary calcium detected by ultrafast computed tomography. J Am Coll Cardiol 1995;25:76.
68. Schmermund A, Baumgart D, Sack S, Mohlenkamp S, Gronemeyer D, Seibel R, et al. Assessment of coronary calcification by electron-beam computed tomography in symptomatic patients with normal, abnormal or equivocal exercise stress test. Eur Heart J 2000;21:1674.
69. Worthley SG, Helft G, Fuster V, Zaman AG, Fayad ZA, Fallon JT, et al. Serial in vivo MRI documents arterial remodeling in experimental atherosclerosis. Circulation 2000;101:586-9.
70. Helft G, Worthley SG, Fuster V, Fayad ZA, Zaman AG, Corti R, et al. Progression and regression of atherosclerotic lesions: monitoring with serial noninvasive magnetic resonance imaging. Circulation 2002;105:993-8.
71. Ruehm SG, Corot C, Vogt P, Kolb S, Debatin JF. Magnetic resonance imaging of atherosclerotic plaque with ultrasmall superparamagnetic particles of iron oxide in hyperlipidemic rabbits. Circulation 2001;103: 415-22.
72. Moody AR, Allder S, Lennox G, Gladman J, Fentem P. Direct magnetic resonance imaging of carotid artery thrombus in acute stroke. Lancet 1999;353:122-3.
73. Hatsukami TS, Ross R, Polissar NL, Yuan C. Visualization of fibrous cap thickness and rupture in human atherosclerotic carotid plaque in vivo with high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging. Circulation 2000;102:959-64.
74. Yuan C, Zhang SX, Polissar NL, Echelard D, Ortiz G, Davis JW, et al. Identification of fibrous cap rupture with magnetic resonance imaging is highly associated with recent transient ischemic attack or stroke. Circulation 2002;105:181-5.
75. Correia LC, Atalar E, Kelemen MD, Ocali O, Hutchins GM, Fleg JL, et al. Intravascular magnetic resonance imaging of aortic atherosclerotic plaque composition. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 1997;17:3626-32.
76. Weissleder R, Moore A, Mahmood U, Bhorade R, Benveniste H, Chiocca EA, et al. In vivo magnetic resonance imaging of transgene expression Nat Med 2000;6:351-5.
77. Tempany CM, McNeil BJ. Advances in biomedical imaging. JAMA 2001;285:562-7.
78. Yun M, Yeh D, Araujo LI, Jang S, Newberg A, Alavi A. F-18 FDG uptake in the large arteries: a new observation. Clin Nucl Med 2001;26:314-9.
79. Kullo IJ, Edwards WD, Schwartz RS. Vulnerable plaque: pathobiology and clinical implications. Ann Intern Med 1998;129:1050-60.
80. Heidland UE, Strauer BE. Left ventricular muscle mass and elevated heart rate are associated with coronary plaque disruption. Circulation 2001;104:1477-82.
81. Ambrose JA, Martinez EE. A new paradigm for plaque stabilization. Circulation 2002;105:2000-4.