The effects of menopause and hormone replacement therapy on quality and quantity of tear, intraocular pressure and ocular blood flow

Ophthalmologica

Volumn 218, Issue 2, 2004, Pages 120-129

  Altintaş, Özgül ^a,b   Çaǧlar, Yusuf ^a   Yüksel, Nurşen ^a   Demirci, Ali ^a   Karabaş, Levent ^a  

^a KOCAELI UNIVERSITY   (Turkey)

^b Yavuz Sultan Mahallesi   (Turkey)

Author keywords

Color doppler imaging; Estrogen; Hormone replacement therapy

Indexed keywords

CONJUGATED ESTROGEN PLUS MEDROXYPROGESTERONE ACETATE; ESTRADIOL; ESTROFEM; ESTROGEN; MEDROXYPROGESTERONE ACETATE;

ADULT; ARTICLE; BLOOD FLOW VELOCITY; BLOOD PRESSURE MEASUREMENT; CENTRAL RETINA ARTERY; CILIARY ARTERY; COLOR ULTRASOUND FLOWMETRY; CONTROLLED STUDY; EYE BLOOD FLOW; FEMALE; HEART VENTRICLE ENDDIASTOLIC PRESSURE; HORMONE ACTION; HORMONE SUBSTITUTION; HUMAN; INTRAOCULAR PRESSURE; LACRIMAL FLUID; MENOPAUSE; NORMAL HUMAN; OPHTHALMIC ARTERY; SCHIRMER TEST; SYSTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE;

ADULT; BLOOD FLOW VELOCITY; CILIARY ARTERIES; DRUG THERAPY, COMBINATION; ESTROGEN REPLACEMENT THERAPY; ESTROGENS; EYE; FEMALE; HUMANS; INTRAOCULAR PRESSURE; MEDROXYPROGESTERONE 17-ACETATE; MENOPAUSE; MIDDLE AGED; OPHTHALMIC ARTERY; PROSPECTIVE STUDIES; RETINAL ARTERY; TEARS; ULTRASONOGRAPHY, DOPPLER, COLOR;

EID: 1542635213     PISSN: 00303755     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1159/000076148     Document Type: Article

References (77)

1. Stamper MJ, Willett WC, Colditz JA, et al: A prospective study of postmenopausal estrogen therapy and coronary heart disease. N Engl J Med 1985;313:1044-1049.
2. Bush TL, Barret-Connor E, Cowan LD, et al: Cardiovascular mortality and non-contraceptive use of estrogen in women: Results from the Lipid Research Clinics Program Follow-up Study. Circulation 1987;75:1102-1109.
3. Lindsay R, Cosman F: The risk of osteoporosis in aging women; in Struk-Ware R, Utian WH (eds): The Menopause and Hormonal Replacement Therapy. New York, Dekker, 1991, pp 47-72.
4. Hulley S, Grady D, Bush T, et al: Randomized trial of estrogen plus progestin for secondary prevention of coronary heart disease in postmenopausal women. Heart and Estrogen/progestin Replacement Study (HERS) Research Group. JAMA 1998;280:605-613.
5. Tavani A, La Vecchia C: The adverse effects of hormone replacement therapy. Drugs Aging 1999;14:347-357.
6. Taskinen MR: Oestrogen replacement therapy and coronary heart disease. Ann Med 1998;30:443-451.
7. Belchetz PE: Hormonal treatment of postmenopausal women. N Engl J Med 1994;330:1062-1071.
8. The Writing Goup for the PEPI Trial: Effects of estrogen/progestin regimens on heart disease risk factors in postmenopausal women: The Postmenopausal Estrogen/Progestin Interventions (PEPI) Trial. JAMA 1995;273:199-208.
9. Stampfer MJ, Colditz GA: Estrogen replacement therapy and coronary heart disease: A quantitative assessment of the epidemiologic evidence. Prev Med 1991;20:47-63.
10. The Writing Group for the PEPI Trial: Effects of hormone therapy on bone mineral density: Results from the Postmenopausal Estrogen/Progestin Interventions (PEPI) Trial. JAMA 1996;276:1389-1396.
11. Grodstein F, Stampfer MJ, Colditz GA, et al: Postmenopausal hormone therapy and mortality. N Engl J Med 1997;336:1769-1775.
12. Pagani-Hill A, Ross RK, Henderson BE: Postmenopausal oestrogen treatment and stroke: A prospective study. BMJ 1988;295:519-522.
13. Mikkola T, Viinikka L, Ylikorkala O: Estrogen and postmenopausal estrogen/progestin therapy: Effect on endothelium-dependent prostacyclin, nitric oxide and endothelin-1 production. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Repro Biol 1998;79:75-82.
14. Kauser K, Rubanyi GM: Potential cellular signaling mechanisms mediating upregulation of endothelial nitric oxide production by estrogen. J Vasc Res 1997;34:229-236.
15. + channels. Circ Res 1996;79:1024-1030.
16. Khosla SS, Smith GJ, Parks PA, Rooney SA: Effects of estrogen on fetal rabbit lung maturation: Morphological and biochemical studies. Pediatr Res 1981;15:1274-1281.
17. Wolinsky H: Effects of estrogen and progesteron treatment on the response of the aorta of male rats to hypertension. Circ Res 1972;30:341-349.
18. Luckas MJ, Gleeve T, Bilijan MM, et al: The effects of progestagens on the carotid artery pulsatility index in postmenopausal women on oestrogen replacement therapy. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Repr Biol 1998;76:221-224.
19. Riedel M, Oeltermann A, Mugge A, Creutzig A, Rafflenbuel W, Lichtlen P: Vascular responses to 17 beta-oestradiol in post-menopausal women. Eur J Clin Invest 1995;25:44-47.
20. Penotti M, Farina M, Castiglione E, et al: Alteration in the pulsatility index values of the internal carotid and middle cerebral arteries after suspension of postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy: A randomized crossover study. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1996;175:606-611.
21. Gangar KF, Vyas S, Whitehead M, Crook D, Meire H, Campbell S: Pulsatility index in internal carotid artery in relation to transdermal oestradiol and time since menopause. Lancet 1991;338:839-842.
22. Lau TK, Wan D, Yim SF, Sanderson J, Haines CJ: Prospective, randomized, controlled study of the effect of hormone replacement therapy on peripheral blood flow velocity in postmenopausal women. Fertil Steril 1998;70:284-288.
23. Klein BE, Klein R, Jensen SC, Ritter LL: Are sex hormones associated with age-related maculopathy in women? The Beaver Dam Eye Study. Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc 1994;92:289-297.
24. The Eye Disease Case-Control Study Group: Risk factors for idiopathic macular holes. Am J Ophthalmol 1994;118:754-761.
25. Evans JR, Schwartz SD, McHugh JDA, et al: Systemic risk factors for idiopathic macular holes: A case control study. Eye 1998;12:256-259.
26. Cumming RG, Mitchell P: Hormone replacement therapy, reproductive factors, and cataract: The Blue Mountains Eye Study. Am J Epidemiol 1997;145:242-249.
27. Klein BE, Klein R, Ritter LL: Is there evidence of an estrogen effect on age-related lens opacities? The Beaver Dam Eye Study. Arch Ophthalmol 1994;112:85-91.
28. Sator MO, Joura EA, Frigo P, et al: Hormone replacement therapy and intraocular pressure. Maturitas 1997;28:55-58.
29. Smith W, Mitchell P, Wang JJ: Gender, oestrogen, hormone replacement and age-related macular degeneration: Results from the Blue Mountains Eye Study. Aust NZ J Ophthalmol 1997;25:S13-S15.
30. Hulsman CA, Westendorp IC, Ramrattan RS et al: Is open angle glaucoma associated with early menopause? The Rotterdam Study. Am J Epidemiol 2001;154:138-144.
31. Green K, Cullen PM, Phillips CI: Aqueous humour turn-over and intraocular pressure during menstruation. Br J Ophthalmol 1984;68:736-740.
32. Atilla H, Arslanpençe A, Batiog.lu F, et al: Effect of hormone replacement therapy on ocular hemodynamics in postmenopausal women. Eur J Ophthalmol 2001;11:277-280.
33. Belfort MA, Saade GR, Snabes M, et al: Hormonal status affects the reactivity of the cerebral vasculature. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1995;172:1273-1278.
34. Harris-Yitzhak M, Harris A, Ben-Refael Z: Estrogen-replacement therapy : Effects on retrobulbar hemodynamics. Am J Ophthalmol 2000;129:623-628.
35. Harris A, Harris M, Biller J, et al: Aging affects the retrobulbar circulation differently in women and men. Arch Ophthalmol 2000;118:1076-1080.
36. Metka M, Enzelsberger H, Knogler W, Schurz B, Aichmaier H: Ophthalmic complaints as a climacteric symptom. Maturitas 1991;14:3-8.
37. Obata H, Yamamoto S, Horiuchi H, Machinami R: Histopathologic study of human lacrimal gland. Statistical analysis with special reference to aging. Ophthalmology 1995;102:678-686.
38. Ogueta SB, Schwartz SD, Yamashita CK, Farber DB: Estrogen receptor in the human eye: Influence of gender and age on gene expression. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1999;40:1906-1911.
39. Munaut C, Lambert V, Noel A, et al: Presence of oestrogen receptor type beta in human retina. Br J Ophthalmol 2001;85:877-882.
40. Wickham LA, Gao J, Toda I, Rocha EM, Ono M, Sullivan DA: Identification of androgen, estrogen and progesterone receptor mRNAs in the eye. Acta Ophthalmol Scan 2000;78:146-153.
41. Rocha EM, Wickham LA, Silveira LA, et al: Identification of androgen receptor protein and 5α-reductase mRNA in human ocular tissues. Br J Ophthalmol 2000;84:76-84.
42. Zeligs MA, Gordon K: Dehydroepiandrosterone therapy for the treatment of dry eye disorders. Int Patent Application WO 94/04155.
43. Sullivan DA, Wickham LA, Rocha EM, et al: Androgen and dry eye in Sjögren's syndrome. Ann NY Acad Sci 1999;876:312-324.
44. Krenzer KL, Dana MR, Ullman MD, et al: Effect of androgen deficiency on the human meibomian gland and ocular surface. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2000;85:4874-4882.
45. Labrie F, Belanger A, Cusan L, Gomez JL, Candas B: Marked decline in serum concentrations of adrenal C19 sex steroid precursors and conjugated androgen metabolites during aging. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1997;82:2396-2402.
46. Labrie F, Belanger A, Simard J, Luu-The V, Labrie C: DHEA and peripheral androgen and estrogen formation: Intracrinology. Ann NY Acad Sci 1995;774:16-28.
47. Nabata H, Horiuchi H, Miyata K, Tsuru T, Machinami R: Histopathological study of the human meibomian glands. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1994;35:1789.
48. Hykin PG, Bron AJ: Age-related morphological changes in lid margin and meibomian gland anatomy. Cornea 1992;11:334-342.
49. Moss SE, Klein R, Klein BE: Prevalance of and risk factors for dry eye syndrome. Arch Ophthalmol 2000;118:1264-1268.
50. McCarty CA, Bansal AK, Livingston PM, Stanislavsky YL, Taylor HR: The epidemiology of dry eye in Melbourne, Australia. Ophthalmology 1998;105:1114-1119.
51. Schaumberg DA, Buring JE, Sullivan DA, Dana MR: Hormone replacement therapy and dry eye syndrome. JAMA 2001;286:2114-2119.
52. Sator MO, Joura EA, Golaszewski T, et al: Treatment of menopausal keratoconjunctivitis sicca with topical oestradiol. Br J Obstet and Gynaecol 1998;105:100-102.
53. Nathanson JA, Mc Kee M: Identification of an extensive system of nitric-oxide-producing cells in the ciliary muscle and outflow pathway of the human eye. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1995;36:1765-1772.
54. Yasumasa G, Yasuyuki H, Hiromo K: Characterization of ciliary muscle relaxation induced by various agents in cats. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1995;36:1188-1191.
55. Qureshi IA: Intraocular pressure: Association with menstrual cycle, pregnancy and menopause in apparently healthy women. Chin J Physiol 1995;38:229-234.
56. Armaly MF: Age and sex correction of applanation pressure. Arch Ophthalmol 1967;78:480-484.
57. Graham P: Epidemiology of simple glaucoma and ocular hypertension. Br J Ophthalmol 1972;56:223-229.
58. Ellis D, Nathanson JA: Nitric oxide in the human eye: Sites of synthesis and physiologic actions on intraocular pressure, blood flow, sodium transport, and neuronal viability; in Haefliger IO, Flammer J (eds): Nitric Oxide and Endothelin in the Pathogenesis of Glaucoma. New York, Lippincott-Raven, 1998, pp 178-204.
59. Nathanson JA, Mc Kee M: Alteration of ocular nitric oxide synthase in human glaucoma. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1995;36:1774-1784.
60. Maepea O, Bill A: The pressure in the episcleral veins, Schlemm's canal and the trabecular meshwork in monkeys: Effects of changes in intraocular pressure. Exp Eye Res 1989;49:645-663.
61. Leppe-Weinhues A, Stahl F, Wiederholt M: Differential smooth muscle-like contractile properties of trabecular meshwork and ciliary muscle. Exp Eye Res 1991;53:33-38.
62. Sator MO, Akramian J, Joura EA, et al: Reduction of intraocular pressure in a glaucoma patient undergoing hormone replacement therapy. Maturitas 1998;29:93-95.
63. Shortland AP, Cochrane T: Doppler spectral waveform generation in vitro: An aid to diagnosis of vascular disease. Ultrasound Med Biol 1989;15:737-741.
64. Evans DH, Barrie WW, Asher MJ, Bentley S, Bell PRF: The relationship between ultrasonic pulsatility index and proximal arterial stenosis in an animal model. Circ Res 1980;46:470-475.
65. Kontos HA, Wei EP, Navari RM, Levasseur JE, Rosenblum WI, Patterson JL: Responses of cerebral arteries and arterioles to acute hypotension and hypertension. Am J Physiol 1978;234:H371-H383.
66. Salter JM, Cassone VM, Wilkerson MK, Delp MD: Ocular and regional cerebral blood flow in aging Fischer-344 rats. J Appl Physiol 1998;85:1024-1029.
67. Sonntag WE, Lynch CD, Cooney PT, Hutchins PM: Decreases in cerebral microvasculature with age are associated with the decline in growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor 1. Endocrinology 1997;138:3515-3520.
68. Kastrup A, Dichgans J, Niemeier M, Schabet M: Changes of cerebrovascular CO2 reactivity during normal aging. Stroke 1998;29:1311-1314.
69. McGrath BP, Liang YL, Teede H, Shiel LM, Cameron JD, Dart A: Age-related deterioration in arterial structure and function in postmenopausal women: Impact of hormone replacement therapy. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 1998;18:1149-1156.
70. Rainbow TC, Degroff V, Luine VN, McEwen BS: Estradiol-17β increases the number of muscarinic receptors in hypothalamic nuclei. Brain Res 1980;198:239-243.
71. Paech K, Webb P, Kuiper GG, et al: Differential ligand activation of estrogen receptors ERalpha and ERbeta at AP1 sites. Science 1997;277:1508-1510.
72. Williamson TH, Harris A: Color Doppler ultrasound imaging of the eye and orbit. Surv Ophthalmol 1996;40:255-267.
73. Greenfield DS, Heggerick PA, Hedges TR: Color Doppler imaging of normal orbital vasculature. Ophthalmology 1995;102:1598-1605.
74. Chiou HJ, Chou YH, Liu CJLL, et al: Evaluation of ocular arterial changes in glaucoma with color Doppler ultrasonography. J Ultrasound Med 1999;18:295-302.
75. Trible JR, Sergott RC, Spaeth GL, et al: Trabeculectomy is associated with retrobulbar hemodynamic changes. A color Doppler analysis. Ophthalmology 1994;101:340-351.
76. Grady D, Wenger NK, Herrington D, et al: Postmenopausal hormone therapy increases risk for venous thromboembolic disease. The Heart and Estrogen/Progestin Replacement Study. Ann Intern Med 2000;2:132:689-696.
77. Shlipak MG, Simon JA, Vittinghoff E, et al: Estrogen and progestin, lipoprotein a and the riskof recurrent coronary heart disease events after menopause. JAMA 2000;2:283:1845-1852.