Choice and development of decision support tools for the sustainable management of deer-forest systems

Forest Ecology and Management

Volumn 191, Issue 1-3, 2004, Pages 1-16

  Tremblay, Jean Pierre ^a,b,c   Hester, Alison ^c,d   Mcleod, Jim ^c   Huot, Jean ^a,b  

^a Chaire Rech Indust CRSNG P   (Canada)

^b CENTRE D ÉTUDES NORDIQUES   (Canada)

^c SCOTTISH CROP RESEARCH INSTITUTE   (United Kingdom)

^d Northern Studies Centre   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Boreal forest; Decision support tools; Deer browsing; Ecological modelling; Plant herbivore interactions; Uncertainty

Indexed keywords

BIODIVERSITY; COMPUTER SIMULATION; DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEMS; ECOSYSTEMS; EXPERT SYSTEMS; NATURAL RESOURCES; SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT;

DECISION SUPPORT TOOLS (DST); DEER-FOREST RELATIONSHIPS;

FORESTRY;

BOREAL FOREST; BROWSING; DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM; PLANT-HERBIVORE INTERACTION; SUSTAINABILITY;

CAPREOLUS CAPREOLUS; CERVIDAE; ODOCOILEUS VIRGINIANUS;

EID: 1542471902     PISSN: 03781127     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.foreco.2003.11.009     Document Type: Review

References (84)

1. Alverson, W.S., Waller, D.M., 1997. Deer populations and the widespread failure of hemlock regeneration in northern forests. In: Mcshea, W.J., Underwood, H.B., Rappole, J.H. (Eds.), The Science of Overabundance: Deer Ecology and Population Management. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, pp. 280-297.
2. Augustine D.J., Frelich L.E. Effects of white-tailed deer on populations of an understory forb in fragmented deciduous forests. Conserv. Biol. 12:1998;995-1004.
3. Augustine D.J., Frelich L.E., Jordan P.A. Evidence for two alternate stable states in an ungulate grazing system. Ecol. Appl. 8:1998;1260-1269.
4. Beaumont D., Dugan D., Evans G., Taylor S. Management of deer for the regeneration of Caledonian Pine Forest at the RSPB's Abernethy Forest Reserve. RSPB Cons. Rev. 8:1994;31-37.
5. Bell F.W., Ter-Mikaelian M.T., Wagner R.G. Relative competitiveness of nine early-successional boreal forest species associated with planted jack pine and black spruce seedlings. Can. J. For. Res. 30:2000;790-800.
6. Bergerud, W.A., Reed, W.J., 1998. Bayesian statistical methods. In: Sit, V., Taylor, B. (Eds.), Statistical Methods for Adaptive Management Studies. Research Branch, British Columbia Ministry of Forests, Victoria, BC, Canada, pp. 89-104.
7. Birks, H.J.B., 1988. Long term ecological change in the British uplands. In: Usher, M.B., Thompson, D.B.A. (Eds.), Ecological Change in the Uplands. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, UK, pp. 37-56.
8. Botkin D.B., Janak J.F., Wallis J.R. Some ecologicals consequences of a computer model of forest growth. J. Ecol. 60:1972;849-872.
9. Buckland, S.T., Trenkel, V.M., Elston, D.A., Partridge, L.W., Gordon, I.J., 1998. A decision support system for red deer managers in Scotland. In: Goldspink, C.R., King, S., Putman, R.J. (Eds.), Population Ecology, Management and Welfare of Deer. Manchester Metropolitan University and Universities Federation for Animal Welfare, Manchester, UK, pp. 82-87.
10. Bugmann H. A simplified forest model to study species composition along climate gradients. Ecology. 77:1996;2055-2074.
11. Bugmann H. A review of forest gap models. Clim. Change. 51:2001;259-305.
12. Bunnell F.L., Boyland M. Decision-support systems: it's the question not the model. J. Nat. Cons. 10:2003;269-279.
13. Cain, J., 2001. Planning improvements in natural resources management: guidelines for using Bayesian networks to support the planning and management of development programmes in the water sector and beyond. Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Natural Environment Research Council, Wallingford, UK.
14. Canadian Council of Forest Ministers, 1998. The National Forest Strategy (1998-2003) - Sustainable Forests: A Canadian Commitment, National Forest Strategy Coalition, Ottawa.
15. Charniak E. Bayesian networks without tears. AI Mag. 12:1991;50-63.
16. Cleaves D.A. Assessing and communicating uncertainty in decision support systems: lessons from an ecosystem policy analysis. AI Appl. 9:1995;87-102.
17. Cornett M.W., Puettmann K.J., Reich P.B. Canopy type, forest floor, predation, and competition influence conifer seedling emergence and early survival in two Minnesota conifer-deciduous forests. Can. J. For. Res. 28:1998;196-205.
18. Côté, S.D., Dussault, C., Huot, J., Potvin, F., Tremblay, J.P., Viera, V., in press. High herbivore density and boreal forest ecology: white-tailed deer on Anticosti Island. In: Proceedings of the Conference Lessons from the Islands: Introduced Species and What they Tell Us About How Ecosystems Work. Canadian Wildlife Service Occasional Paper. Research Group on Introduced Species, Queen Charlotte City, Haida Gwaii, BC, Canada.
19. Coughenour, M.B., 2001. Elk in the Rocky Mountain Park ecosystem - a model-based assessment. US Geological Survey Biological Resources Division and US National Park Service.
20. Council of European Communities, 1992. Directive 92/43/EEC on the Conservation of natural habitats and of wild fauna and flora. The Habitats Directive, EC, Brussels, Belgium.
21. Crawley, M.J., 1997a. The structure of plant communities. In: Crawley, M.J. (Ed.), Plant Ecology. Blackwell Science, Oxford, pp. 475-531.
22. Crawley, M.J., 1997b. Plant-herbivore dynamics. In: Crawley, M.J. (Ed.), Plant Ecology. Blackwell Science, Oxford, pp. 401-474.
23. Danell K., Willebrand T., Baskin L. Mammalian herbivores in the boreal forests: their numerical fluctuations and use by man. Cons. Ecol. 2:1998;9.
24. de Calesta D.S. Effects of white-tailed deer on songbirds within managed forests in Pennsylvania. J. Wildl. Manage. 58:1994;711-718.
25. Gilbert D. The potential for the restoration of montane scrub in Scotland. Ann. Icelandic For. Soc. (Skograektarritio). 2001:2001;105-110.
26. Gill R.M.A. A review of damage by mammals in north temperate forests. 3. Impact on trees and forests. Forestry. 65:1992;363-387.
27. Gill R.M.A. A review of damage by mammals in north temperate forests. 1. Deer. Forestry. 65:1992;145-169.
28. Gordon, I.J., 2000. Plant-animal interactions in complex plant communities: from mechanism to modelling. In: Lemaire, G., Hodgson, J., de Moraes, A., Nabinger, C., Carvalho, P.C.F. (Eds.), Grassland Ecophysiology and Grazing Ecology. CABI Publishing, Wallingford, UK, pp. 191-207.
29. Hester, A.J., Miller, G.R., 1995. Scrub and woodland regeneration: prospect for the future. In: Thompson, D.B.A., Hester, A.J., Usher, M.B. (Eds.), Heaths and Moorland: Cultural Landscape. Scottish Natural Heritage, Edinburg, UK, pp. 140-153.
30. Hester A.J., Miles J., Gimingham C.H. Succession from heather Moorland to birch woodland. 1. Experimental alteration of specific environmental- conditions in the field. J. Ecol. 79:1991;303-315.
31. Hester A.J., Edenius L., Buttenschon R.M., Kuiters A.T. Interactions between forests and herbivores: the role of controlled grazing experiments. Forestry. 73:2000;381-391.
32. Hester A.J., Stewart F.E., Racey P.A., Swaine M.D. Can gap creation by red deer enhance the establishment of birch (Betula pubescens)? Scott. For. 54:2000;143-151.
33. Hobbs N.T. Modification of ecosystems by ungulates. J. Wildl. Manage. 60:1996;695-713.
34. Humphrey, J., Gill, R.M.A., Claridge, J., 1998. Grazing as a management tool in European forest ecosystems. Technical Paper No. 025. Forestry Commission, Edinburg, UK.
35. Huntly N. Herbivores and the dynamics of communities and ecosystems. Ann. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 22:1991;477-503.
36. Jorritsma I.T.M., van Hees A.F.M., Mohren G.M.J. Forest development in relation to ungulate grazing: a modeling approach. For. Ecol. Manage. 120:1999;23-34.
37. Kangas, A.S., Kangas, J., in press. Probability, possibility and evidence: approaches to consider risk and uncertainty in forestry decision analysis. For. Policy Econ.
38. Kienast F., Fritschi J., Bissegger M., Abderhalden W. Modeling successional patterns of high-elevation forests under changing herbivore pressure - responses at the landscape level. For. Ecol. Manage. 120:1999;35-46.
39. Klein, M., Methlie, L.B., 1990. Expert systems: a decision support approach with applications in management and finance. In: The Insight Series in Artificial Intelligence. Addison-Wesley, Wokingham, UK.
40. Kramer K., Groen T.A., van Wieren S.E. The interacting effects of ungulates and fire on forest dynamics: an analysis using the model FORSPACE. For. Ecol. Manage. 181:2003;205-222.
41. Kramer, K., Braveco, H., Bijlsma, R.J., Clerkx, A.P.P.M., Dam, J., Groen, T.A., Groot Bruinderink, G.W.T.A., Jorritsma, I.T.M., Kalkhoven, J., Kuiters, A.T., Lammertsam, D., Prins, R.A., Sanders, M., Wegman, R., Van Wieren, S.E., Wijdeven, S., van der Wijngaart, R., 2001. Landscape forming processes and diversity of forested landscapes - description and application of the model FORSPACE. Alterra-Rapport No. 216, Alterra, Green World Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
42. Lieffers V.J., Macdonald S.E. Ecology of and control strategies for Calamagrostis canadensis in boreal forest sites. Can. J. For. Res. 23:1993;2070-2077.
43. Mackenzie, N., 1999. The native woodland resource of Scotland. A review 1993-1998. Forestry Commission Technical Paper No. 30. Forestry Commission, Edinburgh, UK.
44. Marcot B.G., Holthausen R.S., Raphael M.G., Rowland M.M., Wisdom M.J. Using Bayesian belief networks to evaluate fish and wildlife population viability under land management alternatives from an environmental impact statement. For. Ecol. Manage. 153:2001;29-42.
45. McCown R.L., Hochman Z., Carberry P.S. Probing the enigma of the decision support system for farmers: learning from experience and from theory. Agric. Syst. 74:2002;1-10.
46. Miller G.R., Kinnaird J.W., Cummins R.P. Liability of saplings to browsing on a red deer range in the Scottish Highlands. J. Appl. Ecol. 19:1982;941-951.
47. Mitchell, F.G., 1990. Effects of grazing on upland woods. In: Thompson, D.B.A., Kirby, K.J. (Eds.), Grazing Research and Nature Conservation in the Uplands. Nature Conservancy Council, Peterborough, UK, pp. 50-56.
48. Moen R., Pastor J., Cohen Y. A spatially explicit model of moose foraging and energetics. Ecology. 78:1997;505-521.
49. Moen R., Cohen Y., Pastor J. Linking moose population and plant growth models with a moose energetics model. Ecosystems. 1:1998;52-63.
50. Moir W.H., Mowrer H.T. Unsustainability. For. Ecol. Manage. 73:1995;239-248.
51. Montier, J., 2002. Behavioural Finance - Insights into Irrational Minds and Markets. Wiley Finance Series. Wiley, New Jersey.
52. Moore A.D. The semi-Markov model: a useful tool in the analysis of vegetation dynamics for management. J. Environ. Manage. 30:1990;111-130.
53. Mowrer H.T. Uncertainty in natural resource decision support systems: sources, interpretation, and importance. Comput. Electron. Agric. 27:2000;139-154.
54. Partridge, L.W., Trenkel, V.M., Gordon, I.J., Buckland, C.T., Elston, D.A., Milne, J.A., Birch, C.P.D., Forster, J., Mann, A.D., McLeod, J.E., 1998. HillDeer: The Red Deer Decision Support System. The Macaulay Institute/Biomathematics and Statistics Scotland, Craigiebuckler, Aberdeen.
55. Pastor J., Dewey B., Naiman R.J., McInnes P.F., Cohen Y. Moose browsing and soil fertility in the boreal forests of Isle Royale National Park. Ecology. 74:1993;467-480.
56. Peterman, R.M., Peters, C.N., 1998. Decision analysis: taking uncertainty into account in forest resource management. In: Sit, V., Taylor, B. (Eds.), Statistical Methods for Adaptive Management Studies. Research Branch, British Columbia Ministry of Forests, Victoria, BC, Canada, pp. 105-127.
57. Piggott C.D. Regeneration of oak-birch woodland following exclusion of sheep. J. Ecol. 71:1983;629-646.
58. Plant R.E., Vayssieres M.P., Greco S.E., George M.R., Adams T.E. A qualitative spatial model of hardwood rangeland state-and-transition dynamics. J. Range Manage. 52:1999;51-59.
59. Potvin F., Beaupré P., Laprise G. The eradication of balsam fir stands by white-tailed deer on Anticosti Island, Québec: a 150-year process. Ecoscience. 10:2003;487-495.
60. Price D.T., Zimmermann N.E., van der Meer P.J., Lexer M.J., Leadley P., Jorritsma I.T.M., Schaber J., Clark D.F., Lasch P., McNulty S., Wu J., Smith B. Regeneration in gap models: priority issues for studying forest responses to climate change. Clim. Change. 51:2001;475-508.
61. Putman R.J., Edwards P.J., Mann J.C.E., How R.C., Hill S.D. Vegetational and faunal changes in an area of heavily grazed woodland following relief of grazing. Biol. Conserv. 47:1989;13-32.
62. Rooney T.P. Deer impacts on forest ecosystems: a North American perspective. Forestry. 74:2001;201-208.
63. Rupp T.S., Starfield A.M., Chapin F.S. III, Duffy P. Modeling the impact of black spruce on the fire regime of Alaskan boreal forest. Clim. Change. 55:2002;213-233.
64. Saunders M.R., Puettmann K.J. Effects of overstory and understory competition and simulated herbivory on growth and survival of white pine seedlings. Can. J. For. Res. 29:1999;536-546.
65. Scanlan J.C. State and transition models for rangelands. 5. The use of state and transition models for predicting vegetation change in rangelands. Trop. Grassl. 28:1994;229-240.
66. Scheffer M., Carpenter S.R., Foley J.A., Folke C., Walker B. Catastrophic shift in ecosystems. Nature. 413:2001;591-596.
67. Seagle S., Liang S. Application of a forest gap model for prediction of browsing effects on riparian forest succession. Ecol. Model. 144:2001;213-229.
68. Shugart H.H., West D.C. Development of an Appalachian deciduous forest succession model and its application to assessment of the impact of the chestnut blight. J. Environ. Manage. 5:1977;161-179.
69. Starfield A.M. A pragmatic approach to modeling for wildlife management. J. Wildl. Manage. 61:1997;261-270.
70. Starfield A.M., Cumming D.H.M., Taylor R.D., Quadling M.S. A frame-based paradigm for dynamic ecosystem models. AI Appl. 7:1993;1-13.
71. Stromayer K.A.K., Warren R.J. Are overabundant deer herds in the eastern United States creating alternate stable states. Wildl. Soc. Bull. 25:1997;227-234.
72. Tester J.R., Starfield A.M., Frelich L.E. Modeling for ecosystem management in Minnesota pine forests. Biol. Conserv. 80:1997;313-324.
73. Trenkel V.M. Exploring red deer culling strategies using a population-specific calibrated management model. J. Environ. Manage. 62:2001;37-53.
74. Trenkel V.M., Elston D.A., Buckland S.T. Fitting population dynamics models to count and cull data using sequential importance sampling. J. Am. Statist. Assoc. 95:2000;363-374.
75. Turban, E., 1995. Decision Support Systems and Expert Systems, 5th ed. Prentice-Hall International, Englewood Cliffs, NJ.
76. UK Department of the Environment, 1994. Biodiversity: The UK Action Plan. HMSO, London, UK.
77. Urban D.L., Bonan G.B., Smith T.M., Shugart H.H. Spatial applications of gap models. For. Ecol. Manage. 42:1991;95-110.
78. Usher M.B. Modelling ecological succession, with particular reference to Markovian models. Vegetatio. 46:1981;11-18.
79. Waller D.M., Alverson W.S. The white-tailed deer: a keystone herbivore. Wildl. Soc. Bull. 25:1997;217-226.
80. Walters C.J., Holling C.S. Large-scale management experiments and learning by doing. Ecology. 71:1990;2060-2068.
81. Weisberg P.J., Coughenour M.B. Model-based assessment of aspen responses to elk herbivory in Rocky Mountain National Park, USA. Environ. Manage. 32:2003;152-169.
82. Weisberg, P.J., Wenzelides, L., Bugmann, H., 2001. Hunger - a multi-scale landscape model for assessing long-term forest-ungulate interactions. In: Proceedings of the International Conference on Forest Dynamics and Ungulate Herbivory, Davos, Switzerland, p. 94.
83. Weisberg, P.J., Coughenour, M.B., Bugmann, H., in press. Modeling of large herbivore-vegetation interactions in a landscape context. In: Danell, K., Bergstom, R., Duncan, P., Olff, H. (Eds.), Large Herbivore Ecology and Ecosystem Dynamics. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
84. Westoby M., Walker B., Noy-Meir I. Opportunistic management for rangeland not at equilibrium. J. Range Manage. 42:1989;266-274.