Evaluation of treatments for myofascial pain syndrome and fibromyalgia

Current Pain and Headache Reports

Volumn 7, Issue 6, 2003, Pages 433-442

  Rudin, Nathan J ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN SCHOOL OF MEDICINE AND PUBLIC HEALTH   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AMITRIPTYLINE; ANALGESIC AGENT; ANTICONVULSIVE AGENT; ANTIDEPRESSANT AGENT; BACLOFEN; BOTULINUM TOXIN; BUPIVACAINE; CAPSAICIN; CARISOPRODOL; CITALOPRAM; CLONAZEPAM; CORTICOSTEROID; ISOTONIC SOLUTION; LIDOCAINE; LOCAL ANESTHETIC AGENT; LONG ACTING DRUG; METHYLPREDNISOLONE; MUSCLE RELAXANT AGENT; NONSTEROID ANTIINFLAMMATORY AGENT; OPIATE; PLACEBO; PROCAINE; SARAPIN; SODIUM CHLORIDE; SPASMOLYTIC AGENT; STEROID; TIZANIDINE; TRIAMCINOLONE; TRICYCLIC ANTIDEPRESSANT AGENT; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; UNINDEXED DRUG;

ACUPUNCTURE; ANESTHESIOLOGICAL TECHNIQUES; ANTICHOLINERGIC EFFECT; CLINICAL TRIAL; DIAGNOSTIC PROCEDURE; DRUG DEPENDENCE; DRUG MECHANISM; EVALUATION; EVIDENCE BASED MEDICINE; EXPERIMENTATION; FIBROMYALGIA; HUMAN; INDUCED HYPOTHERMIA; INJECTION PAIN; KINESIOTHERAPY; LIVER TOXICITY; MASSAGE; MUSCLE STRETCHING; MYOFASCIAL PAIN; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PHYSIOTHERAPY; PSYCHOTHERAPY; REVIEW; SEDATION; SOMNOLENCE; TRANSCUTANEOUS NERVE STIMULATION; TREATMENT PLANNING; ANIMAL; PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECT;

ANIMALS; FIBROMYALGIA; HUMANS; MYOFASCIAL PAIN SYNDROMES;

EID: 1542396219     PISSN: 15313433     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s11916-003-0059-4     Document Type: Review

References (123)

1. Wolfe F, Ross J, Anderson J, et al.: The prevalence and characteristics of fibromyalgia in the general population. Arthritis Rheum 1995, 38:19-28.
2. Skootsky SA, Jeager B, Oye RK: Prevalence of myofascial pain in general internal medicine practice. West J Med 1989, 151:157-160.
3. Fishbain DA, Goldberg M, Meagher BR, et al.: Male and female chronic pain patients categorized by DSM-III psychiatric diagnostic criteria. Pain 1986, 26:181-197.
4. Quintner JL, Cohen ML: Fibromyalgia falls foul of a fallacy. Lancet 1999, 353:1092-1094.
5. Cohen M, Quintner L: Fibromyalgia syndrome, a problem of tautology. Lancet 1993, 342:906-909.
6. Bohr TW: Fibromyalgia syndrome and myofascial pain syndrome: Do they exist? Neurol Clin 1995, 13:365-384.
7. Simons DG, Travell JG, Simons PT: Travell and Simons' Myofascial Pain and Dysfunction: The Trigger Point Manual, vol 1: Upper Half of Body. Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins; 1999.
8. Gerwin R, Shannon S, Hong CZ, et al.: Interrater reliability in myofascial trigger point examination. Pain 1997, 69:65-73.
9. Hubbard DR, Berkoff GM: Myofascial trigger points show spontaneous needle EMG activity. Spine 1993, 18:1803-1807.
10. Sato J, Perl ER: Adrenergic excitation of cutaneous pain receptors induced by peripheral nerve injury. Science 1991, 251:1608-1610.
11. Janig W: The sympathetic nervous system in pain: physiology and pathophysiology. In Pain and the Sympathetic Nervous System. Edited by Stanton-Hicks M. Boston, London: Kluwer Academic Publishers; 1990:17-89.
12. Birklein F, Schmelz M, Schifter S, et al.: The important role of neuropeptides in complex regional pain syndrome. Neurology 2001, 57:2179-2184.
13. Mense S, Simons DG, Hoheisel U, et al.: Lesions of rat skeletal muscle after local block of acetylcholinesterase and neuromuscular stimulation. J Appl Physiol 2003, 94:2494-2501.
14. Rivner MH: The neurophysiology of myofascial pain syndrome. Curr Pain Headache Rep 2001, 5:432-440.
15. Fischer AA: Treatment of myofascial pain. J Musculoskel Pain 1999, 7:131-142.
16. Quintner JL, Cohen M: Referred pain of peripheral nerve origin: an alternative to the "myofascial pain" construct. Clin J Pain 1994, 10:243-251.
17. Simons DG: Myofascial pain syndrome due to trigger points. In Rehabilitation Medicine. Edited by Goodgold J. St. Louis: C.V. Mosby; 1988:686-723.
18. Cohen Reis E, Holubkov R: Vapocoolant spray is equally effective as EMLA cream in reducing immunization pain in school-aged children. Pediatrics 1997, 100:E5.
19. Jaeger B, Reeves JL: Quantification of changes in myofascial trigger point sensitivity with the pressure algometer following passive stretch. Pain 1986, 27:203-210.
20. Hou CR, Tsai LC, Cheng KF, et al.: Immediate effects of various physical therapeutic modalities on cervical myofascial pain and trigger-point sensitivity. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2002, 83:1406-1414.
21. Lewit K, Simons DG: Myofascial pain: relief by post-isometric relaxation. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1984, 65:452-456.
22. Rosen NB: Physical medicine and rehabilitation approaches to the management of myofascial pain and fibromyalgia syndromes. Baillieres Clin Rheum 1994, 8:881-916.
23. McClaflin RR: Myofascial pain syndrome: primary care strategies for early intervention. Postgrad Med 1994, 96:56-59, 63-56, 69-70.
24. Wright EF, Domenech MA, Fischer JR: Usefulness of posture training for patients with temporomandibular disorders. J Am Dent Assoc 2000, 131:202-210.
25. Nicolakis P, Erdogmus B, Kopf A, et al.: Effectiveness of exercise therapy in patients with myofascial pain dysfunction syndrome. J Oral Rehab 2002, 29:362-368.
26. Cummings TM, White AR: Needling therapies in the management of myofascial trigger point pain: a systematic review. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2001, 82:986-992.
27. Borg-Stein J, Stein J: Trigger points and tender points: one and the same? Does injection treatment help? Rheum Dis Clin North Am 1996, 22:305-322.
28. Lewit K: The needle effect in the relief of myofascial pain. Pain 1979, 6:83-90.
29. Gunn CC: Intramuscular stimulation (IMS): the technique. http://www.istop.org/html/ims.htm. Accessed July 2003.
30. Chen JT, Chung KC, Hou CR, et al.: Inhibitory effect of dry needling on the spontaneous electrical activity recorded from myofascial trigger spots on rabbit skeletal muscle. Am J Phys Med Rehabil 2001, 80:729-735.
31. Iwama H, Akama Y: The superiority of water-diluted 0.25% to neat 1% lidocaine for trigger-point injections in myofascial pain syndrome: a prospective, randomized, double-blinded trial. Anesth Analg 2000, 91:408-409.
32. Pere P, Watanabe H, Pitkanen M, et al.: Local myotoxicity of bupivacaine in rabbits after continuous supraclavicular brachial plexus block. Reg Anesth 1993, 18:304-307.
33. Iwama H, Ohmori S, Kaneko T, et al.: Water-diluted local anesthetic for trigger-point injection in chronic myofascial pain syndrome: evaluation of types of local anesthetic and concentrations in water. Reg Anesth Pain Med 2001, 26:333-336.
34. Frost FA, Toft B, Aaboe T: [Isotonic saline and methylprednisolone acetate in blockade treatment of myofascial pain: a clinical controlled study]. Ugeskr Laeger 1984, 146:652-654.
35. Sheean G: Botulinum toxin for the treatment of musculoskeletal pain and spasm. Curr Pain Headache Rep 2002, 6:460-469.
36. Nixdorf DR, Heo G, Major PW: Randomized controlled trial of botulinum toxin A for chronic myogenous orofacial pain. Pain 2002, 99:465-473.
37. Porta M: A comparative trial of botulinum toxin type A and methylprednisolone for the treatment of myofascial pain syndrome and pain from chronic muscle spasm. Pain 2000, 85:101-105.
38. Freund BJ, Schwartz M: Treatment of chronic cervical-associated headache with botulinum toxin A: a pilot study. Headache 2000, 40:231-236.
39. Rollnik JD, Tanneberger O, Schubert M, et al.: Treatment of tension-type headache with botulinum toxin type A: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Headache 2000, 40:300-305.
40. Harkins JD, Mundy GD, Stanley SD, et al.: Lack of local anesthetic efficacy of Sarapin in the abaxial sesamoid block model. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 1997, 20:229-232.
41. Gerwin RD, Dommerholt J: Treatment of myofascial pain syndromes. In Pain Management: A Practical Guide for Clinicians. Edited by Weiner RS. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press; 1998:217-229.
42. Chaitow L: Positional release techniques in the treatment of muscle and joint dysfunction. Clinical Bulletin of Myofascial Therapy 1998, 3:25-35.
43. Harris RE, Clauw DJ: The use of complementary medical therapies in the management of myofascial pain disorders. Curr Pain Headache Rep 2002, 6:370-374.
44. Hanten WP, Olson SL, Butts NL, et al.: Effectiveness of a home program of ischemic pressure followed by sustained stretch for treatment of myofascial trigger points. Phys Ther 2000, 80:997-1003.
45. Bendtsen L, Jensen R: Amitriptyline reduces myofascial tenderness in patients with chronic tension-type headache. Cephalalgia 2000, 20:603-610.
46. Fishbain DA, Cutler RB, Rosomoff HL, et al.: Clonazepam open clinical treatment trial for myofascial syndrome associated chronic pain. Pain Med 2000, 1:332-339.
47. Harkins S, Linford J, Cohen J, et al.: Administration of clonazepam in the treatment of TMD and associated myofascial pain: a double-blind pilot study. J Craniomandib Disord 1991, 5:179-186.
48. Mathias BJ, Dillingham TR, Zeigler DN, et al.: Topical capsaicin for chronic neck pain: a pilot study. Am J Phys Med Rehabil 1995, 74:39-44.
49. Gallardo F, Molgo J, Miyazaki C, et al.: Carisoprodol in the treatment of myofascial pain-dysfunction syndrome. J Oral Surg 1975, 33:655-658.
50. Lehmann JE de Lateur BJ: Diathermy and superficial heat, laser, and cold therapy. In Krusen's Handbook of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. Edited by Kottke FJ, Lehmann JF. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders; 1990:283-367.
51. Esposito CJ, Veal SJ, Farman AG: Alleviation of myofascial pain with ultrasonic therapy. J Prosthet Dent 1984, 51:106-108.
52. Gam AN, Warming S, Larsen LH, et al.: Treatment of myofascial trigger points with ultrasound combined with massage and exercise: a randomized controlled trial. Pain 1998, 77:73-79.
53. Basford JR: Physical agents. In Rehabilitation Medicine: Principles and Practice. Edited by DeLisa JA. Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott; 1993:404-424.
54. Marchand S, Charest J, Li JX, et al.: Is TENS purely a placebo effect: a controlled study on chronic low back pain. Pain 1993, 54:99-106.
55. Kruger LR, van der Linden WJ, Cleaton-Jones PE: Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation in the treatment of myofascial pain dysfunction. S Afr J Surg 1998, 36:35-38.
56. Flor H, Birbaumer N: Comparison of the efficacy of electromyographic biofeedback, cognitive-behavioral therapy, and conservative medical interventions in the treatment of chronic musculoskeletal pain. J Consult Clin Psychol 1993, 61:653-658.
57. Winocur E, Gavish A, Emodi-Perlman A, et al.: Hypnorelaxation as treatment for myofascial pain disorder: a comparative study. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2002, 93:429-434.
58. Loeser JD: John J. Bonica 1917-1994. Emma B. Bonica 1915-1994. Pain 1994, 59:1-3.
59. Auleciems LM: Myofascial pain syndrome: a multidisciplinary approach. Nurse Pract 1995, 20:18, 21-22, 24-28.
60. Krabak BJ, Borg-Stein J, Oas JA: Chronic cervical myofascial pain syndrome: improvement in dizziness and pain with a multidisciplinary rehabilitation program: a pilot study. J Back Musculoskel Rehab 2000, 15:83-87.
61. Heikkila H, Heikkila E, Eisemann M: Predictive factors for the outcome of a multidisciplinary pain rehabilitation program on sick-leave and life satisfaction in patients with whiplash trauma and other myofascial pain: a follow-up study. Clin Rehabil 1998, 12:487-496.
62. Gil IA, Barbosa CM, Pedro VM, et al.: Multidisciplinary approach to chronic pain from myofascial pain dysfunction syndrome: a 4-year experience ata Brazilian center. Cranio 1998, 16:17-25.
63. Hong CZ: Myofascial trigger points: pathophysiology and correlation with acupuncture points. Acupunct Med 2000, 18:41-47.
64. Ceccherelli F, Rigoni MT, Gagliardi G, et al.: Comparison of superficial and deep acupuncture in the treatment of lumbar myofascial pain: a double-blind, randomized, controlled study. Clin J Pain 2002, 18:149-153.
65. Ceccherelli F, Bordin M, Gagliardi G, et al.: Comparison between superficial and deep acupuncture in the treatment of the shoulder's myofascial pain: a randomized and controlled study. Acupunct Electrother Res 2001, 26:229-238.
66. Birch S, Jamison RN: Controlled trial of Japanese acupuncture for chronic myofascial neck pain: assessment of specific and nonspecific effects of treatment. Clin J Pain 1998, 14:248-255.
67. Myers CD, White A, Heft MW: A review of complementary and alternative medicine use for treating chronic facial pain. J Am Dent Assoc 2002, 133:1189-1196.
68. Anonymous: NIH Consensus Conference: Acupuncture. JAMA 1998, 280:1518-1524.
69. Wolfe F, Smythe H, Yunus M, et al.: The American College of Rheumatology 1990 criteria for the classification of fibromyalgia: report of the Multicenter Criteria Committee. Arthritis Rheum 1990, 33:160-172.
70. Starz TW, Sinclair JD, Turk DC: Putting the finger on fibromyalgia: the manual tender point survey. J Musculoskel Pain 1997, 14:61-67.
71. Wolfe F, Anderson J, Harkness D, et al.: Health status and disease severity in fibromyalgia: results of a six-center longitudinal study. Arthritis Rheum 1997, 40:1571-1579.
72. Wolfe F, Anderson J, Harkness D, et al.: The work and disability status of persons with fibromyalgia [abstract]. J Musculoskel Pain 1995, 3:155.
73. Marchand S, Arsenault P: Fibromyalgic pain: the possible role of a deficit of diffuse noxious inhibitory control (DNIC). In American Pain Society Annual Meeting 1999. Fort Lauderdale, FL: American Pain Society; October, 1999.
74. Staud R, Robinson ME, Vierck CJ, Jr., et al.: Diffuse noxious inhibitory controls (DNIC) attenuate temporal summation of second pain in normal males but not in normal females or fibromyalgia patients. Pain 2003, 101:167-174.
75. Russell I, Orr M, Littman B, et al.: Elevated cerebrospinal fluid levels of substance P in patients with the fibromyalgia syndrome. Arthritis Rheum 1994, 37:1593-1601.
76. Mountz J, Bradley L, Modell J, et al.: Fibromyalgia in women: abnormalities of regional cerebral blood flow in the thalamus and caudate nucleus are associated with low pain threshold levels. Arthritis Rheum 1995, 38:926-938.
77. Neeck G, Crofford LJ: Neuroendocrine perturbations in fibromyalgia and chronic fatigue syndrome. Rheum Dis Clin North Am 2000, 26:989-1002.
78. Crofford LJ: Neuroendocrine abnormalities in fibromyalgia and related disorders. Am J Med Sci 1998, 315:359-366.
79. Bou-Holaigah I, Calkins H, Flynn J, et al.: Provocation of hypotension and pain during upright tilt table testing in adults with fibromyalgia. Clin Exp Rheum 1997, 15:239-246.
80. Visuri T, Lindholm H, Lindqvist A, et al.: Cardiovascular functional disorder in primary fibromyalgia: a noninvasive study in 17 young men. Arthritis Care Res 1992, 5:210-215.
81. Martinez-Lavin M: The autonomic nervous system and fibromyalgia. J Musculoskel Pain 2002, 10:221-228.
82. Moldofsky H, Scarisbrick P, England R, et al.: Musculoskeletal symptoms and non-REM sleep disturbance in patients with "fibrositis syndrome" and healthy subjects. Psychosom Med 1975, 37:341-351.
83. Jessee E, Owen D Jr, Sagar K: The benign hypermobile joint syndrome. Arthritis Rheum 1980, 23:1053-1056.
84. Karaaslan Y, Haznedaroglu S, Ozturk M: Joint hypermobility and primary fibromyalgia: a clinical enigma. J Rheumatol 2000, 27:1774-1776.
85. Goldman J: Hypermobility and deconditioning: important links to fibromyalgia/fibrositis. South Med J 1991, 84:1192-1196.
86. Fitzcharles MA: Is hypermobility a factor in fibromyalgia? J Rheumatol 2000, 27:1587-1589.
87. Russek LN: Hypermobility syndrome. Phys Ther 1999, 79:591-599.
88. Clark S, Burckhardt CS, Campbell S: Fitness characteristics and perceived exertion in women with fibromyalgia. J Musculoskel Pain 1993, 1:193-197.
89. McCain G, Bell D, Mai F, et al.: A controlled study of a supervised cardiovascular fitness training program on the manifestations of primary fibromyalgia. Arthritis Rheum 1988, 31:1135-1141.
90. Richards SC, Scott DL: Prescribed exercise in people with fibromyalgia: parallel group randomised controlled trial. BMJ 2002, 325:185.
91. Jones KD, Burckhardt CS, Clark SR, et al.: A randomized controlled trial of muscle strengthening versus flexibility training in fibromyalgia. J Rheumatol 2002, 29:1041-1048.
92. Forseth KO, Gran JT: Management of fibromyalgia: What are the best treatment choices? Drugs 2002, 62:577-592.
93. Busch A, Schachter CL, Peloso PM, et al.: Exercise for treating fibromyalgia syndrome. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2002, 3:CD003786.
94. Sim J, Adams N: Systematic review of randomized controlled trials of nonpharmacological interventions for fibromyalgia. Clin J Pain 2002, 18:324-336.
95. Mannerkorpi K, Nyberg B, Ahlmen M, et al.: Pool exercise combined with an education program for patients with fibromyalgia syndrome: a prospective, randomized study. J Rheumatol 2000, 27:2473-2481.
96. Mannerkorpi K, Ahlmen M, Ekdahl C: Six- and 24-month follow-up of pool exercise therapy and education for patients with fibromyalgia. Scand J Rheumatol 2002, 31:306-310.
97. Jones KD, Clark SR: Individualizing the exercise prescription for persons with fibromyalgia. Rheum Dis Clin North Am 2002, 28:419-436.
98. Hong CZ, Hsueh TC: Difference in pain relief after trigger point injections in myofascial pain patients with and without fibromyalgia. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1996, 77:1161-1166.
99. Reddy SS, Yunus MB, Inanici F, et al.: Tender point injections are beneficial in fibromyalgia syndrome: a descriptive, open study. J Musculoskel Pain 2000, 8:7-18.
100. Goldenberg D, Felson D, Dinerman H: A randomized controlled trial of amitriptyline and naproxen in the treatment of patients with fibromyalgia. Arthritis Rheum 1986, 29:1371-1377.
101. Carette S, McCain GA, Bell DA, et al.: Evaluation of amitriptyline in primary fibrositis: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Arthritis Rheum 1986, 29:655-659.
102. Arnold LM, Keck PE Jr, Welge JA: Antidepressant treatment of fibromyalgia: a meta-analysis and review. Psychosomatics 2000, 41:104-113.
103. Arnold LM, Hess EV, Hudson JI, et al.: A randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, flexible-dose study of fluoxetine in the treatment of women with fibromyalgia. Am J Med 2002, 112:191-197.
104. Wolfe F, Cathey MA, Hawley DJ: A double-blind placebo controlled trial of fluoxetine in fibromyalgia. Scand J Rheumatol 1994, 23:255-259.
105. Zijlstra T, Barendregt P, VandeLaar M: Venlafaxine in fibromyalgia: results of a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial. Arthritis Rheum 2002, 46:S105.
106. Sorensen J, Bengtsson A, Ahlner J, et al.: Fibromyalgia: Are there different mechanisms in the processing of pain? A double blind crossover comparison of analgesic drugs. J Rheumatol 1997, 24:1615-1621.
107. Backonja M, Beydoun A, Edwards KR, et al.: Gabapentin for the symptomatic treatment of painful neuropathy in patients with diabetes mellitus: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 1998, 280:1831-1836.
108. Russell IJ, Kamin M: Efficacy of tramadol in treatment of pain in fibromyalgia. J Clin Rheumatol 2000, 6:250-257.
109. Biasi G, et al.: Tramadol in the fibromyalgia syndrome: a controlled clinical trial versus placebo, Int J Clin Pharmacol Res 1998, 18:13-19.
110. Gardner JS, Blough D, Drinkard CR, et al.: Tramadol and seizures: a surveillance study in a managed care population. Pharmacotherapy 2000, 20:1423-1431.
111. Freye E, Levy J: Acute abstinence syndrome following abrupt cessation of long-term use of tramadol (Ultram): a case study. Eur J Pain 2000, 4:307-311.
112. Mason PJ, Morris VA, Balcezak TJ: Serotonin syndrome: presentation of two cases and review of the literature. Medicine 2000, 79:201-209.
113. McKenzie R, O'Fallon A, Dale J, et al.: Low-dose hydrocortisone for treatment of chronic fatigue syndrome: a randomized, controlled trial. JAMA 1998, 280:1061-1066.
114. Bennett RM: Adult growth hormone deficiency in patients with fibromyalgia. Curr Rheumatol Reports 2002, 4:306-312.
115. Bennett RM, Clark SC, Walczyk J: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of growth hormone in the treatment of fibromyalgia. Am J Med 1998, 104:227-231.
116. Hakkinen K, Pakarinen A, Hannonen P, et al.: Effects of strength training on muscle strength, cross-sectional area, maximal electromyographic activity, and serum hormones in premenopausal women with fibromyalgia. J Rheumatol 2002, 29:1287-1295.
117. Amand RP: The Use Of Uricosuric Agents in Fibromyalgia: Information For Physicians. http://www.guaidoc.com/Research_Urico.htm. Accessed September 9, 2003.
118. Bennett RM, deGarmo P, Clark S: A one-year double-blind, placebo-controlled study of guaifenesin in fibromyalgia. Presented at the American College of Rheumatology Annual Meeting: Orlando; October 18-22, 1996.
119. Offenbacher M, Stucki G: Physical therapy in the treatment of fibromyalgia. Scand J Rheumatol 2000, 113:78-85.
120. Rossy LA, Buckelew SP, Dorr N, et al.: A meta-analysis of fibromyalgia treatment interventions. Ann Behav Med 1999, 21:180-191.
121. Burckhardt CS: Nonpharmacologic management strategies in fibromyalgia. Rheum Dis Clin North Am 2002, 28:291-304.
122. Turk DC, Okifuji A, Sinclair JD, et al.: Interdisciplinary treatment for fibromyalgia syndrome: clinical and statistical significance. Arthritis Care Res 1998, 11:186-195.
123. Mason LW, Goolkasian P, McCain GA: Evaluation of a multimodal treatment program for fibromyalgia. J Behav Med 1998, 21:163-178.