Sports injuries

Current Problems in Pediatric and Adolescent Health Care

Volumn 35, Issue 4, 2005, Pages 110-164

  Anderson, Steven J ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ACROMIOCLAVICULAR DISLOCATION; ADOLESCENT; ANKLE INJURY; ANKLE SPRAIN; ANTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENT RUPTURE; CHILD; CHILD HEALTH CARE; CLAVICLE FRACTURE; CLINICAL EXAMINATION; COMPARTMENT SYNDROME; CONSULTATION; DIAGNOSTIC IMAGING; DISEASE ASSOCIATION; ELBOW INJURY; FOOT INJURY; HEALTH PROMOTION; HIP INJURY; HISTORY; HUMAN; KINESIOTHERAPY; KNEE INJURY; KNEE LIGAMENT INJURY; KNEE MENISCUS RUPTURE; LEG INJURY; LUMBAR DISK HERNIA; LUMBAR SPINE; MAINTENANCE THERAPY; MASSAGE; MEDICAL SPECIALIST; MUSCULOSKELETAL INJURY; PATELLA DISLOCATION; PELVIS INJURY; PHYSICAL ACTIVITY; PHYSICAL EXAMINATION; PHYSICIAN; PHYSIOTHERAPY; PREDICTION; PRIMARY MEDICAL CARE; PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT; RECURRENT DISEASE; RESPONSIBILITY; REVIEW; RISK ASSESSMENT; SHOULDER DISLOCATION; SHOULDER INJURY; SPINE INJURY; SPONDYLOLYSIS; SPORT INJURY; STRESS FRACTURE; SYMPTOMATOLOGY; THORAX OUTLET SYNDROME; TREATMENT PLANNING;

EID: 14944360224     PISSN: 15385442     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.cppeds.2004.12.009     Document Type: Article

References (169)

1. D.T. Damore J.D. Metzl M. Ramundo S. Pan R. Van Amerongen Patterns in childhood sports injury Pediatr Emerg Care 19 2 2003 65-7 Apr
2. T.A. Adirim T.L. Cheng Overview of injuries in the young athlete Sports Med 33 1 2003 75-81
3. S.J. Hambridge A.J. Davidson R. Gonzales J.F. Steiner Epidemiology of pediatric injury-related primary care office visits in the United States Pediatrics 109 4 2002 559-65 Apr
4. S.J. Jones R.A. Lyons J. Sibert R. Evans S.R. Palmer Changes in sports injuries to children between 1983 and 1998: Comparison of case series J Public Health Med 23 4 2001 268-71 Dec
5. J.M. Purvis R.G. Burke Recreational injuries in children: Incidence and prevention J Am Acad Orthop Surg 9 6 2001 365-74 Nov-Dec
6. C.W. Burt M.D. Overpeck Emergency visits for sports-related injuries Ann Emerg Med 37 3 2001 301-8 Mar
7. B.L. Taylor M.W. Attia Sports-related injuries in children Acad Emerg Med 7 12 2000 1424-7 Dec
8. L. Sorensen S.E. Larsen N.D. Rock The epidemiology of sports injuries in school-aged children Scand J Med Sci Sports 6 5 1996 281-6 Oct
9. F.J.G. Backx H.J.M. Beijer E. Bol W.B.M. Erich Injuries in high-risk persons and high-risk sports: A longitudinal study of 1818 school children Am J Sports Med 19 1991 124-30
10. P.E. Bijur A. Trumble Y. Harel M.D. Overpeck D. Jones P.C. Scheidt Sports and recreation injuries in US children and adolescents Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 149 1995 1009-16
11. D.J. Caine C.G. Caine K.J. Lindner Epidemiology of Sports Injuries 1996 Human Kinetic Publishers, Inc Champaign, IL
12. J.G. Garrick R. Requa Medical care and injury surveillance in the high school setting Phys Sports Med 9 2 1981 115-20
13. S.J. Anderson Youth sports injuries: Causes and prevention In: R.M. Malina M.A. Clark editors. Youth Sports: Perspective for a New Century 2003 Healthy Learning Monterey, CA
14. K.J. Loud L.J. Micheli Common athletic injuries in adolescent girls Curr Opin Pediatr 13 4 2001 317-322 Aug
15. American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Nutrition Prevention of pediatric overweight and obesity Pediatrics 112 2 2003 424-9
16. W.H. Dietz Health consequences of obesity in youth: Childhood predictors of adult disease Pediatrics 101 3 1998 518-25
17. H.W. Kohl K.E. Hobbs Development of physical activity behaviors among children and adolescents Pediatrics 101 3 1998 549-54
18. C.L. Ogden K.M. Flegal M.D. Carroll C.L. Johnson Prevalence and trends in overweight among US children and adolescents, 1999-2000 JAMA 288 2002 1728-32
19. R.P. Troiano K.M. Flegal R.J. Kuczmarski S.M. Campbell C.L. Johnson Overweight prevalence and trends for children and adolescents: The National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys, 1963 to 1991 Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 149 1995 1085-91
20. US Department of Health and Human Services Physical Activity and Health: A Report of the Surgeon General Atlanta GA. US Department of Health and Human Services National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion MMWR 45 1996 591-2
21. R.M. Malina Physical activity and fitness: Pathways from childhood to adulthood Am J Human Biol 13 2001 162-72
22. S. Grindel Evidence-based medicine in the musculoskeletal examination Br J Sports Med 32 4 1998 278-9 Dec
23. S. Hoppenfeld Physical Examination of the Spine and Extremities 1976 Appleton-Century-Crofts Norwalk, CT
24. S. Hoppenfeld Orthopedic Neurology: A Diagnostic Guide to Neurologic Levels 1977 Lippincott Philadelphia, PA
25. A.C. Phillips R.P. Polisson The rational initial clinical evaluation of the patient with musculoskeletal complaints Am J Med 103 6A 1997 7S-11S Dec
26. S.A. Connolly L.P. Connoll D. Jamamillo Imaging of sports injuries in children and adolescents Radiol Clin North Am 39 4 2001 773-90 Jul
27. D.N. Mintz Imaging of sports injuries Phys Med Rehabil Clin N Am 11 2 2000 435-69 May
28. S.C. Kao W.L. Smith Skeletal injuries in the pediatric patient Radiol Clin North Am 35 3 1997 727-46 May
29. C.W. Pfirrmann M. Zanetti J. Hodler Joint magnetic resonance imaging: normal variants and pitfalls related to sports injury Radiol Clin North Am 2 40 2002 167-80 Mar
30. M. Minoves Bone and joint sports injuries: The role of bone scintigraphy Nucl Med Commun 24 1 2003 3-10 Jan
31. I.L. Kanstrup Bone scintigraphy in sports medicine: A review Scand J Med Sci Sports 7 6 1997 322-30 Dec
32. G.E. Gold B.A. Hargreaves C.F. Beaulieu Protocols in sports magnetic resonance imaging Top Magn Reson Imaging 14 1 2003 3-13 Feb.
33. C.A. Helms The impact of MR imaging in sports medicine Radiology 224 3 2002 631-5 Sep
34. A.C. Zoga M.E. Schwietzer Imaging sports injuries of the foot and ankle Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am 11 2 2003 295-310 May
35. R.D. Boutin R.C. Fritz L.S. Steinback Imaging of sports-related muscle injuries Radiol Clin North Am 40 2 2002 333-62 Mar
36. G. Long J.R. Cooper W.W. Gibbon Magnetic resonance imaging of injuries in the child athlete Clin Radiol 54 12 1999 781-91 Dec
37. M. Torriani S.V. Kattapuram Musculoskeletal ultrasound: An alternative imaging modality for sports-related injuries Top Magn Reson Imaging 14 1 2003 103-11 Feb
38. D. Hawkins J. Metheny Overuse injuries in youth sports: Biomechanical considerations Med Sci Sports Exerc 33 10 2001 1701-7 Oct
39. R. Lysens A. Steverlynck Y. van den Auwelle J. Lefevre L. Renson A. Claessens M. Ostyn The predictability of sports injuries Sports Med 1 1984 6-10
40. S.J. Anderson Principles of rehabilitation, Chapter 29 In: J.A. Sullivan S.J. Anderson editors. Care of the Young Athlete 2000 American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons and American Academy of Pediatrics Rosemont, IL
41. R.B. Dale Rehabilitation from bedrest requires careful progression Biomechanics XI 1 2004 37-43 Jan
42. S.B. Thacker J. Gilcrist D.F. Stroup C.A. Kimsey The impact of stretching on sports injury risk: A systemic review of the literature Med Sci Sports Exerc 36 3 2004 371-8
43. W.J. Kraemer N.A. Ratamess Fundamentals of resistance training: progression and exercise prescription Med Sci Sports Exerc 36 4 2004 674-88
44. M.S. Kocher P.M. Waters L.J. Micheli Upper extremity injuries in the paediatric athlete Sports Med 30 2 2000 117-35 Aug
45. R.J. Johnson Acoromioclavicular joint injuries: Identifying and treating "separated shoulder" and other conditions Phys Sports Med 29 11 2001 31-5 Nov
46. M.J. Lemos The evaluation and treatment of the injured acromioclavicular joint in athletes Am J Sports Med 26 1 1998 137-44 Jan-Feb
47. J. Nowak H. Mallmin S. Larsson The aetiology and epidemiology of clavicular fractures. A prospective study during a two-year period in Uppsala, Sweden Injury Jun 31 5 2000 353-8
48. J. Walton A. Paxinos A. Tzannes M. Callanan K. Hayes G.A. Murrell The unstable shoulder in the adolescent athlete Am J Sports Med 30 5 2002 758-67 Sep-Oct
49. J. Deitch C.T. Mehlman S.L. Foad A. Obbehat M. Mallory Traumatic anterior dislocation in adolescents Am J Sports Med 31 5 2003 758-63 Sep-Oct
50. R.L. Lawton S. Choudhury P. Mansat R.H. Cofield A.A. Stans Pediatric shoulder instability: Presentation, findings, treatment, and outcomes J Pediatr Orthop 22 1 2002 52-61 Jan-Feb
51. F. Postacchini S. Gumina G. Cinotti Anterior shoulder dislocation in adolescents J Shoulder Elbow Surg 9 6 2000 470-4 Nov-Dec
52. A. Miniaci P.J. Fowler Impingement in the athlete Clin Sports Med 12 1 1993 91-110 Jan
53. S. Lyman G.S. Fleisig J.W. Waterbor E.M. Funkhouser L. Pulley J.R. Andrews E.D. Osinski J.M. Roseman Longitudinal study of elbow and shoulder pain in youth baseball pitchers Med Sci Sports Exerc 33 11 2001 1803-10
54. B.L. Wasserlauf G.A. Paletta Shoulder disorders in the skeletally immature throwing athlete Orthop Clin North Am 34 3 2003 427-37 Jul
55. A.R. Ricci D.E. Mason Little League shoulder: Case reports and literature review Del Med J 76 1 2004 11-14 Jan
56. L.A. Michener M.K. Walsworth E.N. Burnet Effectiveness of rehabilitation for patients with subacromial impingement syndrome: A systematic review J Hand Ther 17 2 2004 152-64 Apr-Jun
57. A.W. Nichols The thoracic outlet syndrome in athletes J Am Board Fam Pract 9 5 1996 346-55 Sep-Oct
58. A.B. Richardson Thoracic outlet syndrome in aquatic athletes Clin Sports Med 18 2 1999 361-78 Apr
59. M.A. Chaudhry J. Hajarnavis Paget-von-Schrotter syndrome: Primary subclavian axillary vein thrombosis in sport activities Clin J Sport Med 13 4 2003 269-71 Jul
60. A.C. Rettig Traumatic elbow injuries in the athlete Orthop Clin North Am 33 3 2002 509-22 Jul
61. S.M. Kay D.L. Skaggs The pediatric Monteggia fracture Am J Orthop 27 9 1998 606-9 Sep
62. K.E. Klingele M.S. Kocher Little league elbow: Valgus overload injury in the paediatric athlete Sports Med 32 15 2002 1005-15
63. M.R. Hutchinson M.L. Ireland Overuse and throwing injuries in the skeletally immature athlete Instr Course Lect 52 2003 25-36
64. M.R. Hutchinson S. Wynn Biomechanics and development of the elbow in the young throwing athlete Clin Sports Med 23 4 2004 531-44 Oct
65. E.L. Cain J.R. Dugas R.S. Wolf J.R. Andrews Elbow injuries in throwing athletes: A current concepts review Am J Sports Med 31 4 2003 621-35 Jul-Aug
66. D.W. Hang C.M. Chao Y.S. Hang A clinical and roentgenographic study of Little League elbow Am J Sports Med 32 1 2004 79-84 Jan-Feb
67. M.J. Stubbs L.D. Field F.H. Savoie Osteochondritis dissecans of the elbow Clin Sports Med 20 1 2001 1-9 Jan
68. M.A. Yadao L.D. Field F.H. Savoie Osteochondritis dissecans of the elbow Instr Course Lect 53 2004 599-606
69. K.T. Boyd N.S. Pierce M.E. Batt Common hip injuries in sport Sports Med 24 4 1997 273-88 Oct
70. F. Rossi S. Dragoni Acute avulsion fractures of the pelvis in adolescent competitive athletes: Prevalence, location and sport distribution of 203 cases collected Skeletal Radiol 30 2001 127-31
71. P.M. Waters M.B. Millis Hip and pelvic injuries in the young athlete Clin Sports Med 7 1988 513-26
72. Y. Soyuncu S. Gur Avulsion injuries of the pelvis in adolescents Acta Orthop Traumatol Turc 38 Suppl 1 2004 88-92
73. J.L. Moeller Pelvic and hip apophyseal avulsion injuries in young athletes Curr Sports Med Rep 2 2 2003 110-5 Apr
74. L.E. Swischuk Wrestling: Pain in the thigh. Avulsion fracture of the anterior inferior iliac spine Pediatr Emerg Care 20 4 2004 259-60 Apr
75. U.M. Kujala S. Orava J. Karpakka J. Leppavuori K. Mattila Ischial tuberosity apophysitis and avulsion among athletes Int J Sports Med 18 2 1997 149-55 Feb
76. S.J. Anderson Lower extremity injuries in youth sports Pediatr Clin North Am 49 3 2002 627-41 Jun
77. S.A. Lynch P.A. Renstrom Groin injuries in sport: Treatment strategies Sports Med 28 2 1999 137-44 Aug
78. J.M. Scopp C.T. Moorman The assessment of athletic hip injury Clin Sports Med 21 4 2001 647-59 Oct
79. K. Margo J. Drezner D. Motzkin Evaluation and management of hip pain: An algorithmic approach J Fam Pract 52 8 2003 607-617 Aug
80. J.H. Beaty Rockwood and Wilkins Fracture in Children 2001 Lippincott, Williams and Wilkins Philadelphia, PA
81. R.J. Morrissy S.L. Weinstein editors Lovell and Winters Pediatric Orthopedics Fifth edition 2000 Lippincott, Williams and Wilkins Philadelphia, PA
82. J. Herring Tachdjian's Pediatric Orthopedics from the Texan Scottish Rite Hospital for Children 2001 WB Saunders Philadelphia, PA
83. C.M. Larson L.C. Almekinders S.G. Favas W.E. Barrett Evaluating and managing muscle contusions and myositis ossificans Phys Sports Med 30 2 2002 41-50 Feb
84. J.B. Ryan J.H. Wheeler W.J. Hopkinson R.A. Arciero K.R. Kolakawski Quadriceps contusions: West Point update Am J Sports Med 19 1991 299-304
85. T.M. Best Muscle-tendon injuries in young athletes Clin Sports Med 14 1995 669-86
86. W.E. Garrett Muscle strain injuries Am J Sports Med 24 6 Suppl 1996 S2-8
87. T.J. Noonan W.E. Garrett Muscle strain injuries J Am Acad Orthop Surg 7 1999 262-9
88. R.P. Wilder S. Sethi Overuse injuries: Tendinopathies, stress fractures, compartment syndrome, and shin splints Clin Sports Med 23 1 2004 55-81 Jan
89. C.J. Couture K.A. Karlson Tibial stress injuries Phys Sports Med 30 6 2002 29-36 Jun
90. K.L. Bennell P.D. Brukner Epidemiology and site specificity of stress fractures Clin Sports Med 16 2 1997 179-96 Apr
91. K. Tuan S. Wu B. Sennett Stress fractures in athletes: Risk factors, diagnosis, and management Orthopedics 27 6 2004 583-591 Jun
92. D.J. Spitz A.H. Newberg Imaging of stress fractures in the athlete Radiol Clin North Am 40 2 2001 313-31 Mar
93. S.M. Levine R.E. Lambiase C.N. Petchprapa Cortical lesions of the tibia: characteristic appearances at conventional radiography Radiographics 23 1 2003 157-77 Jan-Feb
94. C.M. Coady L.J. Micheli Stress fractures in the pediatric athlete Clin Sports Med 16 2 1997 225-38 Apr
95. R. Korpelainen S. Orava J. Karpakka P. Siira A. Hulkko Risk factors for recurrent stress fractures in athletes Am J Sports Med 29 3 2001 304-10 May-Jun
96. S.N. Shah B.S. Miller J.E. Kuhn Chronic exertional compartment syndrome Am J Orthop 33 7 2004 335-41 Jul
97. S.J. Anderson Acute knee injuries unique to young athletes Phys Sports Med 19 11 1991 69-76
98. S.J. Anderson Knee disorders in the skeletally immature athlete J Back Musculoskel Rehab 2 1 1992 54-70
99. S.J. Anderson Overuse knee injuries unique to young athletes Phys Sports Med 19 12 1991 69-80
100. S.J. Anderson Injuries to the knee and ankle: A case-based approach related to soccer Pediatr Annals 29 3 2000 178-88 Mar
101. I.K. Lo D.M. Bell P.J. Fowler Anterior cruciate ligament injuries in the skeletally immature patient Instr Course Lect 47 1998 351-9
102. C.A. Iobst C.L. Stanitski Acute knee injuries Clin Sports Med 19 2000 621-35
103. D.H. Solomon D.L. Simel D.W. Bates J.N. Katz J.L. Schaffer Does this patient have a torn meniscus or ligament of the knee? Value of the physical examination JAMA 286 13 2001 1610-20
104. I.G. Stiell G.A. Wells I. McDowell G.H. Greenberg R.D. McNight A.A. Cwinn J.V. Quinn A. Yeats Us of radiography in acute knee injuries: Need for clinical decision rules Acad Emerg Med 2 11 1995 996-73 Nov
105. D.J. Fehnel R. Johnson Anterior cruciate injuries in the skeletally immature athlete: A review of treatment outcomes Sports Med 29 2000 51-63
106. J.R. McCarroll K.D. Shelbourne D.V. Patel Anterior cruciate ligament injuries in young athletes: Recommendations for treatment and rehabilitation Sports Med 20 1995 117-27
107. K.G. Shea P.J. Apel R.P. Pfeiffer Anterior cruciate ligament injury in paediatric and adolescent patients: A review of basic science and clinical research Sports Med 33 6 2003 455-71
108. C.A. Hawkins J.E. Rosen ACL injuries in the skeletally immature patient Bull Hosp Jt Dis 59 4 2000 227-31
109. F.H. Fu C.H. Bennett C. Lattermann C.B. Ma Current trends in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Part I: Biology and biomechanics of reconstruction Am J Sports Med 27 6 1999 821-30
110. F.H. Fu C.H. Bennett C. Lattermann C.B. Ma Current trends in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Part II: Operative procedures and clinical correlations Am J Sports Med 28 1 2000 124-30
111. B. Reider Medial collateral ligament injuries in athletes Sports Med 21 2 1996 147-156 Feb
112. M.T. Busch Meniscal injuries in children and adolescents Clin Sports Med 9 3 1990 661-80
113. E.B. Kaplan Discoid lateral meniscus of the knee joint: Nature, mechanism, and operative treatment J Bone Joint Surg Am 39-A 1957 77-87 Jan
114. T. Youm A.L. Chen Discoid lateral meniscus: Evaluation and treatment Am J Orthop 33 5 2004 234-8 May
115. R.R. Wroble R.C. Henderson E.R. Campion Menisectomy in children and adolescents. A long-term follow-up study Clin Orthop Rel Res 279 1992 180-9
116. A.J. Cosgarea J.A. Browne T.K. Kim E.G. McFarland Evaluation and management of the unstable patella Phys Sports Med 30 10 2002 33-40 Oct
117. C.M. Powers The influence of altered lower extremity kinematics on patellofemoral joint dysfunction: A theoretical perspective J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 33 2003 639-46
118. J.A. Ogden W.O. Southwick Osgood Schlatter disease and tibial tuberosity development Clin Orthop Rel Res 116 1976 180-9
119. U.M. Kujala M. Kvist O. Heinonen Osgood Schlatter's disease in adolescent athletes. Retrospective study of incidence and duration Am J Sports Med 13 4 1985 236-41 Jul-Aug
120. R.C. Medlar E.D. Lyne Sinding-Larsen-Johansson disease: Its etiology and natural history J Bone Joint Surg 60-A 1978 1112-6
121. E. Irha J. Vrdoliak Medial synovial plica syndrome of the knee: A diagnostic pitfall in adolescent athletes J Pediatr Orthop B 12 1 2003 44-8 Jan
122. L.A. Steinkamp M.F. Dillingham M.D. Markel Biomechanical considerations in patellofemoral joint rehabilitation Am J Sports Med 21 3 1993 438-44
123. C.L. Mascal R. Landel C. Powers Management of patellofemoral pain targeting hip, pelvis, and trunk muscle function: 2 case reports J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 33 2003 647-60
124. C.M. Powers S.R. Ward M. Fredericson M. Guillet F.G. Shellock Patellofemoral kinematics during weight-bearing and non-weight-bearing knee extension in persons with lateral subluxation of the patella: A preliminary study J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 33 2003 677-85
125. J.P. Fulkerson Diagnosis and treatment of patients with patellofemoral pain Am J Sports Med 30 3 2002 447-56 May-Jun
126. T.Q. Lee G. Morris R.P. Csintalan The influence of tibial and femoral rotation on patellofemoral contact area and pressure J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 33 2003 686-93
127. M.T. Gross J.L. Foxworth The role of foot orthoses as an intervention for patellofemoral pain J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 33 2003 661-70
128. M.S. Yeung K.M. Chan C.H. So W.Y. Yuan An epidemiological survey on ankle sprain Br J Sp Med 28 1994 112-6
129. S.J. Anderson Evaluation and treatment of ankle sprains Compr Ther 22 1 1996 30-8 Jan
130. S.J. Anderson J.A. Sullivan Ankle, Chapter 30 In: J.A. Sullivan S.J. Anderson edtors. Care of the Young Athlete 2000 American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons and American Academy of Pediatrics Rosemont, IL
131. S.J. Anderson Acute ankle sprains: Keys to diagnosis and return to play Phys Sports Med 30 12 2002 29-40 Dec
132. M.R. Safran R.S. Benedetti A.R. Bartolozzi B.R. Mandelbaum Lateral ankle sprains: A comprehensive review. Part 1: Etiology, pathoanatomy, histopathogenesis, and diagnosis Med Sci Sports Exerc 31 7 1999 S429-37 Suppl
133. C.N. van Dijk L.S. Lim P.M. Bossuyt R.K. Marti Physical examination is sufficient for the diagnosis of sprained ankles J Bone Joint Surg Br 79 6 1997 1039-40 Nov
134. T.J. Hubbard T.W. Kaminski R.A. Vandergriend J.E. Kovaleski Quantitative assessment of mechanical laxity in the functionally unstable ankle Med Sci Sports Exerc 36 5 2004 760-6
135. I.G. Stiell G.H. Greenberg R.D. McKnight R.C. Nair I. McDowell J.R. Worthington A study to develop clinical decision rules for the use of radiography in acute ankle injuries Ann Emerg Med 21 1992 384-90
136. I.G. Stiell G.H. Greenberg R.D. McKnight R.C. Nair I. McDowell S. Reardon J. Maloney Decision rules for the use of radiography in acute ankle injuries: Refinement and prospective validation JAMA 269 1993 1127-32
137. B.R. Holroyd D. Wilson B.H. Rowe D.C. Mayes T. Noseworthy Uptake of validated clinical practice guidelines: Experience with implementing the Ottawa Ankle Rules Am J Emerg Med 22 3 2004 129-55 May
138. M.J. Boytim D.A. Fischer L. Neuman Syndesmotic ankle sprains Am J Sports Med 19 1991 294-8
139. M.R. Safran J.E. Sachazewski R.S. Benedetti A.R. Bartolozzi R. Mandelbaum Lateral ankle sprains: A comprehensive review. Part 2: Treatment and rehabilitation with an emphasis on the athlete Med Sci Sports Exerc 31 7 1999 S438-47
140. I. Shrier Treatment of lateral collateral ligament sprains of the ankle: a critical appraisal of the literature Clin J Sports Med 5 1995 187-95
141. M.A.R. Freeman R.E. Dean W.F. Hanham The etiology and prevention of functional instability of the foot J Bone Joint Surg 47B 4 1965 678-85 Nov
142. J. Leanderson E. Eriksson C. Nilsson A. Wykman Proprioception in classical ballet dancers: A prospective study of the influence of an ankle sprain on proprioception in the ankle joint Am J Sports Med 24 1996 370-4
143. S.M. Lephart D.M. Pincivero J.L. Biraldo F.H. Fu The role of proprioception in the management and rehabilitation of athletic injuries Am J Sport Med 25 1997 130-7
144. L.C. Olmsted-Kramer J. Hertel Evasive maneuvers: Staying one step ahead of ankle sprains Biomechanics XI 11 2004 23-31 Nov/Dec
145. L.J. Micheli M.L. Ireland Prevention and management of calcaneal apophysitis in children: An overuse syndrome J Pediatr Orthop 7 1 1987 34-8 Jan-Feb
146. C.C. Madden M.B. Mellion Sever's disease and other causes of heel pain in adolescents Am Fam Physician 54 6 1996 1995-2000 Nov
147. J.B. Volpon F.G. de Carvalho Calcaneal apophysitis: A quantitative radiographic evaluation of the secondary ossification center Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 122 6 2002 338-41 Jul
148. M.E. Williams Heel pain in children Biomechanics XI 7 2004 27-35
149. N.M. Pachuda S.D. Lasday R.M. Jay Tarsal coalition: Etiology, diagnosis, and treatment J Foot Surg 29 5 1990 474-88
150. J.A. Numley C.J. Vertullo Classification, investigation, and management of midfoot sprains: Lisfranc injuries in the athlete Am J Sports Med 30 6 2002 871-8
151. B.K. Stanton J.M. Karlin B.L. Scurran Kohler's disease J Am Podiatr Med Assoc 82 12 1992 625-9
152. E.G. Manusov W.A. Lillegard R.F. Raspa T.D. Epperly Evaluation of pediatric foot problems. Part I: The forefoot and the midfoot Am Fam Physician 54 2 1996 592-606
153. D. Stanley R.P. Betts D.I. Rowley T.W. Smity Assessment of etiologic factors in the development of Freiberg's disease J Foot Surg 29 5 1990 444-7
154. S.T. Canale K.D. Williams Iselin's disease J Pediatr Orthop 12 1 1992 90-3 Jan
155. B.G. Ralph J. Barrett D. Kenyhercz L.A. DiDomenico Iselin's disease: A case presentation of nonunion and review of the differential diagnosis J Foot Ankle Surg 38 6 1999 409-16 Nov-Dec
156. T. Duggleby S. Kumar Epidemiology of juvenile low back pain: A review Disabil Rehabil 19 12 1997 505-12 Dec
157. J. Higgins Low back pain in children Biomechanics XI 11 2004 59-69 Nov/ Dec
158. H. Hosalkar J. Dormans Back pain in children requires extensive workup Biomechanics X 6 2003 51-58 Jun
159. S.J. Anderson Assessment and management of the pediatric and adolescent patient with low back pain Phys Med Rehabil Clin N Am 3 1991 157-85
160. S.J. Anderson Children and adolescents, Chapter 25 In: A.J. Cole S.A. Herring editors. The Low Back Pain Handbook: A Guide for the Practicing Clinician 2nd ed. 2003 Hanley and Belfus Philadelphia, PA
161. A.K. Burton R.D. Clarke T.D. McClune K.M. Tillotson The natural history of low back pain in adolescents Spine 21 20 1996 2323-8
162. K.M. Waicus B.W. Smith Back injuries in the pediatric athlete Curr Sports Med Rep 1 1 2002 52-8 Feb
163. P. D'Hemecourt M. Donahue C. Curtis L.J. Micheli Active patients turn spondylolysis core into sports medicine Biomechanics XI 10 2004 55-58 Oct
164. J.L. Moeller S.F. Rifat Spondylolysis in active adolescents: Expediting return to play Phys Sports Med 29 12 2001 27-32 Dec
165. J.J. Salminen M.O. Erikintalo J. Pentti A. Oksanen M.J. Kormano Recurrent low back pain and early disc degeneration in the young Spine 24 13 1999 1316-21 Jul 1
166. P.G. Wilcox C.W. Spencer Dorsolumbar kyphosis or Scheuermann's disease Clin Sport Med 5 1986 343-51
167. G.F. Dommisse The vulnerable, rapidly growing thoracic spine of the adolescent S Afr Med J 78 1990 211-3
168. C.A. Emery Risk factors for injury in child and adolescent sport: A systematic review of the literature Clin J Sport Med 13 4 2003 256-68 Jul
169. J.M. Flynn J.E. Lou T.J. Ganley Prevention of sports injuries in children Curr Opin Pediatr 14 6 2002 719-22 Dec