Bacterial infections in cirrhosis: Treatment and prophylaxis

Journal of Hepatology

Volumn 42, Issue SUPPL. 1, 2005, Pages

  Garcia Tsao, Guadalupe ^a  

^a YALE UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AMOXICILLIN; AMPICILLIN; ANTIBIOTIC AGENT; CEFOTAXIME; CEFTRIAXONE; CIPROFLOXACIN; CLAVULANIC ACID; LEVOFLOXACIN; MOXIFLOXACIN; NORFLOXACIN; OFLOXACIN; QUINOLINE DERIVED ANTIINFECTIVE AGENT; TOBRAMYCIN;

BRAIN DISEASE; CLINICAL TRIAL; COMMUNITY ACQUIRED PNEUMONIA; ESCHERICHIA COLI; GASTROINTESTINAL HEMORRHAGE; HEPATITIS; HUMAN; ILEUS; KIDNEY DISEASE; LIVER CIRRHOSIS; NEPHROTOXICITY; NONHUMAN; PATHOGENESIS; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; SEPTIC SHOCK; SIDE EFFECT; STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE; THORAX RADIOGRAPHY; URINARY TRACT INFECTION;

EID: 14944355175     PISSN: 01688278     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2004.12.006     Document Type: Review

References (73)

1. J. Fernandez, M. Navasa, J. Gomez, J. Colmenero, J. Vila, and V. Arroyo Bacterial infections in cirrhosis: epidemiological changes with invasive procedures and norfloxacin prophylaxis Hepatology 35 2002 140 148
2. M. Borzio, F. Salerno, L. Piantoni, M. Cazzaniga, P. Angeli, and F. Bissoli Bacterial infection in patients with advanced cirrhosis: a multicentre prospective study Digest Liver Dis 33 2001 41 48
3. M. Deschenes, and J.P. Villeneuve Risk factors for the development of bacterial infections in hospitalized patients with cirrhosis Am J Gastroenterol 94 1999 2193 2197
4. J. Goulis, A. Armonis, D. Patch, C. Sabin, L. Greenslade, and A.K. Burroughs Bacterial infection is independently associated with failure to control bleeding in cirrhotic patients with gastrointestinal hemorrhage Hepatology 27 1998 1207 1212
5. S. Vivas, M. Rodriguez, M.A. Palacio, A. Linares, J.L. Alonso, and L. Rodrigo Presence of bacterial infection in bleeding cirrhotic patients is independently associated with early mortality and failure to control bleeding Dig Dis Sci 46 2001 2752 2757
6. B. Bernard, J.F. Cadranel, D. Valla, S. Escolano, V. Jarlier, and P. Opolon Prognostic significance of bacterial infection in bleeding cirrhotic patients: a prospective study Gastroenterology 108 1995 1828 1834
7. M.C. Hou, H.C. Lin, T.T. Liu, B.I. Kuo, F.Y. Lee, and F.Y. Chang Antibiotic prophylaxis after endoscopic therapy prevents rebleeding in acute variceal hemorrhage: a randomized trial Hepatology 39 2004 746 753
8. A. Rimola, F. Bory, R. Planas, A. Xaubet, M. Bruguera, and J. Rodes Infecciones bacterianas agudas en la cirrosis hepatica Gastroenterologia y Hepatologia 4 1981 453 458
9. G. Bleichner, R. Boulanger, P. Squara, J.P. Sollet, and A. Parent Frequency of infections in cirrhotic patients presenting with acute gastrointestinal hemorrhage Br J Surg 73 1986 724 726
10. W.R. Caly, and E. Strauss A prospective study of bacterial infections in patients with cirrhosis J Hepatol 18 1993 353 358
11. G. Garcia-Tsao Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis Gastro Clin North Am 21 1992 257 275
12. M. Blaise, D. Pateron, J.C. Trinchet, S. Levacher, M. Beaugrand, and J.L. Pourriat Systemic antibiotic therapy prevents bacterial infection in cirrhotic patients with gastrointestinal hemorrhage Hepatology 20 1994 34 38
13. G. Garcia-Tsao Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis: a historical perspective J Hepatol 41 2004 522 527
14. A. Rimola, G. Garcia-Tsao, M. Navasa, L.J.V. Piddock, R. Planas, and B. Bernard Diagnosis, treatment and prophylaxis of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis: a consensus document J Hepatol 32 2000 142 153
15. J. Castellote, C. Lopez, J. Gornals, G. Tremosa, E.R. Farina, and C. Baliellas Rapid diagnosis of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis by use of reagent strips Hepatology 37 2003 893 896
16. X. Xiol, J.M. Castellvi, J. Guardiola, E. Sese, J. Castellote, and A. Perello Spontaneous bacterial empyema in cirrhotic patients: a prospective study Hepatology 23 1996 719 723
17. B. Campillo, J.P. Richardet, T. Kheo, and C. Dupeyron Nosocomial spontaneous bacterial peritonitis and bacteremia in cirrhotic patients: impact of isolate type on prognosis and characteristics of infection Clin Infect Dis 35 2002 1 10
18. J. Felisart, A. Rimola, V. Arroyo, R.M. Perez-Ayuso, E. Quintero, and P. Gines Cefotaxime is more effective than is ampicillin-tobramycin in cirrhotics with severe infections Hepatology 5 1985 457 462
19. B.A. Runyon, J.G. McHutchison, M.R. Antillon, E.A. Akriviadis, and A.A. Montano Short-course versus long-course antibiotic treatment of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis Gastroenterology 100 1991 1737 1742
20. J. Gomez-Jimenez, E. Ribera, I. Gasser, M.A. Artaza, O. Del Valle, and A. Pahissa Randomized trial comparing ceftriaxone with cefonicid for treatment of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in cirrhotic patients Antimicrob Agents Chemother 37 1993 1587 1592
21. A. Rimola, J.M. Salmeron, G. Clemente, L. Rodrigo, A. Obrador, and M.L. Miranda Two different dosages of cefotaxime in the treatment of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in cirrhosis: results of a prospective, randomized, multicenter study Hepatology 21 1995 674 679
22. P. Sort, M. Navasa, V. Arroyo, X. Aldeguer, R. Planas, and L. Ruiz-del-Arbol Effect of intravenous albumin on renal impairment and mortality in patients with cirrhosis and spontaneous bacterial peritonitis N Engl J Med 341 1999 403 409
23. J. Mercader, J. Gomez, J. Ruiz, M.C. Garre, and M. Valdes Use of ceftriaxone in the treatment of bacterial infections in cirrhotic patients Chemotherapy 35 1989 23 26
24. M.A. Mesquita, E.P.S. Balbino, R.S. Abuquerque, C.A. Carmona, B.T. Okubo, and S.L.S. Lorena Ceftriaxone in the treatment of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis: ascitic fluid polymorphonuclear count response and short-term prognosis Hepato-Gastroenterology 44 1997 1276 1280
25. E. Ricart, G. Soriano, M. Novella, J. Ortiz, M. Sabat, and L. Kolle Amoxicillin-clavulanic acid versus cefotaxime in the therapy of bacterial infections in cirrhotic patients J Hepatol 32 2000 596 602
26. M. Navasa, A. Follo, J.M. Llovet, G. Clemente, V. Vargas, and A. Rimola Randomized, comparative study of oral ofloxacin versus intravenous cefotaxime in spontaneous bacterial peritonitis Gastroenterology 111 1996 1011 1017
27. I. Tuncer, N. Topcu, A. Durmus, and M.K. Turkdogan Oral ciprofloxacin versus intravenous cefotaxime and ceftriaxone in the treatment of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis Hepatogastroenterology 50 2003 1426 1430
28. T.M. File Jr, J. Garau, F. Blasi, C. Chidiac, K. Klugman, and H. Lode Guidelines for empiric antimicrobial prescribing in community-acquired pneumonia Chest 125 2004 1888 1901
29. J.D. Grange, D. Thabut, D. Lucidarme, M. Adler, M. Navasa, and P. Petit Randomized, comparative study of moxifloxacin versus amoxicillin-clavulanate in the treatment of bacterial infections in cirrhotic patients Hepatology 2004
30. G. Garcia-Tsao Further evidence against the use of aminoglycosides in cirrhotic patients Gastroenterology 114 1998 612 613
31. H. Hampel, G.D. Bynum, E. Zamora, and H.B. El-Serag Risk factors for the development of renal dysfunction in hospitalized patients with cirrhosis Am J Gastroenterol 96 2001 2206 2210
32. R. Terg, S. Cobas, E. Fassio, G. Landeira, B. Rios, and W. Vasen Oral ciprofloxacin after a short course of intravenous ciprofloxacin in the treatment of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis: results of a multicenter, randomized study J Hepatol 33 2000 564 569
33. G. Garcia-Tsao Treatment of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis V. Arroyo J. Bosch J. Bruix P. Gines M. Navasa J. Rodes Therapy in Hepatology 2001 Ars Medica Barcelona, Spain 59 64
34. M. Novella, R. Sola, G. Soriano, M. Andreu, J. Gana, and J. Ortiz Continuous versus inpatient prophylaxis of the first episode of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis with norfloxacin Hepatology 25 1997 532 536
35. B. Campillo, C. Dupeyron, J.P. Richardet, N. Mangeney, and G. Leluan Epidemiology of severe hospital-acquired infections in patients with liver cirrhosis: effect of long-term administration of norfloxacin Clin Infect Dis 26 1998 1066 1070
36. B. Campillo, C. Dupeyron, and J.P. Richardet Epidemiology of hospital-acquired infections in cirrhotic patients: effect of carriage of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and influence of previous antibiotic therapy and norfloxacin prophylaxis Epidemiol Infect 127 2001 443 450
37. J. Ortiz, M.C. Vila, G. Soriano, J. Minana, J. Gana, and B. Mirelis Infections caused by Escherichia coli resistant to norfloxacin in hospitalized cirrhotic patients Hepatology 29 1999 1064 1069
38. J.M. Llovet, P. Rodriguez-Iglesias, E. Moitinho, R. Planas, R. Bataller, and M. Navasa Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in patients with cirrhosis undergoing selective intestinal decontamination. A retrospective study of 229 spontaneous bacterial peritonitis episodes J Hepatol 26 1997 88 95
39. A. Follo, J.M. Llovet, M. Navasa, R. Planas, X. Forns, and A. Francitorra Renal impairment following spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in cirrhosis. Incidence, clinical course, predictive factors and prognosis Hepatology 20 1994 1495 1501
40. C. Toledo, J.M. Salmeron, A. Rimola, M. Navasa, V. Arroyo, and J. Llach Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in cirrhosis: predictive factors of infection resolution and survival in patients treated with cefotaxime Hepatology 17 1993 251 257
41. J.D. Baumgartner, C. Vaney, and C. Perret An extreme form of the hyperdynamic syndrome in septic shock Intensive Care Med 10 1984 245 249
42. L. Ruiz-del-Arbol, J. Urman, J. Fernandez, M. Gonzalez, M. Navasa, and A. Monescillo Systemic, renal, and hepatic hemodynamic derangement in cirrhotic patients with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis Hepatology 38 2003 1210 1218
43. K. Lenz, C. Kapral, A. Gegenhuber, R. Buder, and F. Wewalka Systemic, renal, and hepatic hemodynamic derangement in cirrhotic patients with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis Hepatology 39 2004 865 866
44. W. Tao, D.J. Deyo, D.L. Traber, W.E. Johnston, and E.R. Sherwood Hemodynamic and cardiac contractile function during sepsis caused by cecal ligation and puncture in mice Shock 21 2004 31 37
45. J. Fernandez, M. Navasa, J.C. Garcia-Pagan, J. Abraldes, W. Jimenez, and J. Bosch Effect of intravenous albumin on systemic and hepatic hemodynamics and vasoactive neurohormonal systems in patients with cirrhosis and spontaneous bacterial peritonitis J Hepatol 41 2004 384 390
46. P. Gines, A. Rimola, R. Planas, V. Vargas, F. Marco, and M. Almela Norfloxacin prevents spontaneous bacterial peritonitis recurrence in cirrhosis: results of a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial Hepatology 12 1990 716 724
47. L. Tito, A. Rimola, P. Gines, J. Llach, V. Arroyo, and J. Rodes Recurrence of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in cirrhosis: frequency and predictive factors Hepatology 8 1988 27 31
48. A. Rolachon, L. Cordier, Y. Bacq, J.B. Nousbaum, A. Franza, and J.C. Paris Ciprofloxacin and long-term prevention of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis. Results of a prospective controlled trial Hepatology 22 1995 1171 1174
49. T.M. Bauer, A. Follo, M. Navasa, J. Vila, R. Planas, and G. Clemente Daily norfloxacin is more effective than weekly rufloxacin in prevention of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis recurrence Dig Dis Sci 47 2002 1356 1361
50. R. Terg, K. Llano, S.M. Cobas, C. Brotto, A. Barrios, and D. Levi Effects of oral ciprofloxacin on aerobic Gram-negative fecal flora in patients with cirrhosis. Results of short- and long-term administration with daily and weekly dosages J Hepatol 29 1998 437 442
51. N. Singh, T. Gayowski, V.L. Yu, and M.M. Wagener Trimethoprim- sulfamethoxazole for the prevention of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in cirrhosis: a randomized trial Ann Intern Med 122 1995 595 598
52. G. Garcia-Tsao Treatment of acute variceal bleeding: general management and prevention of infections R.J. Groszmann J. Bosch Portal Hypertension in the 21st Century 2004 Kluwer Academic Dordecht 233 240
53. A. Rimola, F. Bory, J. Teres, R.M. Perez-Ayuso, V. Arroyo, and J. Rodes Oral, nonabsorbable antibiotics prevent infection in cirrhotics with gastrointestinal hemorrhage Hepatology 5 1985 463 467
54. G. Soriano, C. Guarner, A. Tomas, C. Villanueva, X. Torras, and D. Gonzalez Norfloxacin prevents bacterial infection in cirrhotics with gastrointestinal hemorrhage Gastroenterology 103 1992 1267 1272
55. A. Pauwels, N. Mostefa-Kara, B. Debenes, E. Degoutte, and V.G. Levy Systemic antibiotic prophylaxis after gastrointestinal hemorrhage in cirrhotic patients with a high risk of infection Hepatology 24 1996 802 806
56. W.J. Hsieh, H.C. Lin, S.J. Hwang, M.C. Hou, F.Y. Lee, and F.Y. Chang The effect of ciprofloxacin in the prevention of bacterial infection in patients with cirrhosis after upper gastrointestinal bleeding Am J Gastroenterol 93 1998 962 966
57. B. Bernard, J.D. Grange, E.N. Khac, X. Amiot, P. Opolon, and T. Poynard Antibiotic prophylaxis for the prevention of bacterial infections in cirrhotic patients with gastrointestinal bleeding: a meta-analysis Hepatology 29 1999 1655 1661
58. W.S. Selby, I.D. Norton, C.S. Pokorny, and R.A. Benn Bacteremia and bacterascites after endoscopic sclerotherapy for bleeding esophageal varices and prevention by intravenous cefotaxime: a randomized trial Gastrointest Endosc 40 1994 680 684
59. N. Rolando, A. Gimson, J. Philpott-Howard, M. Sahathevan, M. Caswell, and E. Fagan Infectious sequelae after endoscopic sclerotherapy of oesophageal varices: role of antibiotic prophylaxis J Hepatol 18 1993 290 294
60. Soares-Weiser K, Brezis M, Tur-Kaspa R, Leibovici L. Antibiotic prophylaxis for cirrhotic patients with gastrointestinal bleeding (Cochrane Review). The Cochrane Library 2002, Issue 2:CD002907.
61. J. Llach, A. Rimola, M. Navasa, P. Gines, J.M. Salmeron, and A. Gines Incidence and predictive factors of first episode of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in cirrhosis with ascites: relevance of ascitic fluid protein concentration Hepatology 16 1992 724 727
62. J.D. Grange, D. Roulot, G. Pelletier, E.A. Pariente, J. Denis, and O. Ink Norfloxacin primary prophylaxis of bacterial infections in cirrhotic patients with ascites - a double-blind randomized trial J Hepatol 29 1998 430 436
63. L.T. Evans, W.R. Kim, J.J. Poterucha, and P.S. Kamath Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in asymptomatic outpatients with cirrhotic ascites Hepatology 37 2003 897 901
64. C. Guarner, R. Sola, G. Soriano, M. Andreu, M.T. Novella, and C. Vila Risk of a first community-acquired spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in cirrhotics with low ascitic fluid protein levels Gastroenterology 117 1999 414 419
65. M. Perez-Paramo, J. Munoz, A. Albillos, I. Freile, F. Portero, and M. Santos Effect of propranolol on the factors promoting bacterial translocation in cirrhotic rats with ascites Hepatology 31 2000 43 48
66. J.G. Abraldes, I. Tarantino, J. Turnes, J.C. Garcia-Pagan, J. Rodes, and J. Bosch Hemodynamic response to pharmacological treatment of portal hypertension and long-term prognosis of cirrhosis Hepatology 37 2003 902 908
67. A. Pardo, R. Bartoli, V. Lorenzo-Zuniga, R. Planas, B. Vinado, and J. Riba Effect of cisapride on intestinal bacterial overgrowth and bacterial translocation in cirrhosis Hepatology 31 2000 858 863
68. S.C. Zhang, W. Wang, W.Y. Ren, B.M. He, K. Zhou, and W.N. Zhu Effect of cisapride on intestinal bacterial and endotoxin translocation in cirrhosis World J Gastroenterol 9 2003 534 538
69. A.M. Madrid, C. Hurtado, M. Venegas, F. Cumsille, and C. Defilippi Long-term treatment with cisapride and antibiotics in liver cirrhosis: effect on small intestinal motility, bacterial overgrowth, and liver function Am J Gastroenterol 96 2001 1251 1255
70. T.M. Bauer, J. Fernandez, M. Navasa, J. Vila, and J. Rodes Failure of Lactobacillus spp. to prevent bacterial translocation in a rat model of experimental cirrhosis J Hepatol 36 2002 501 506
71. R. Wiest, F. Chen, G. Cadelina, R.J. Groszmann, and G. Garcia-Tsao Effect of Lactobacillus-fermented diets on bacterial translocation and intestinal flora in experimental prehepatic portal hypertension Dig Dis Sci 48 2003 1136 1141
72. N. Rayes, D. Seehofer, S. Hansen, K. Boucsein, A.R. Muller, and S. Serke Early enteral supply of lactobacillus and fiber versus selective bowel decontamination: a controlled trial in liver transplant recipients Transplantation 74 2002 123 127
73. V. Lorenzo-Zuniga, R. Bartoli, R. Planas, A.F. Hofmann, B. Vinado, and L.R. Hagey Oral bile acids reduce bacterial overgrowth, bacterial translocation, and endotoxemia in cirrhotic rats Hepatology 37 2003 551 557