A new technique for the estimation of sea surface salinity in the tropical Indian Ocean from OLR

Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans

Volumn 109, Issue 12, 2004, Pages 1-26

  Murty, V S N ^a   Subrahmanyam, Bulusu ^b   Tilvi, V ^a   O'Brien, James J ^b  

^a NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF OCEANOGRAPHY   (India)

^b FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

1997 1998 El Ni o event; Effective oceanic layer; Interannual variability; Outgoing longwave radiation; Sea surface salinity; Tropical Indian Ocean

Indexed keywords

SEA SURFACE SALINITY;

INDIAN OCEAN; OCEANIC REGIONS; WORLD;

EID: 14744296856     PISSN: None     EISSN: 21699291     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1029/2003JC001928     Document Type: Article

References (51)

1. Antonov, J. S., S. Levitus, T. P. Boyer, M. Conkright, T. O'Brien, C. Stephens, and B. Trotsenko (1998), World Ocean Atlas 1998, vol. 3, Temperature of the Indian Ocean, NOAA Atlas NESDIS 29, 166 pp., Natl. Oceanic and Atmos. Admin., Silver Spring, Md.
2. Baumgartner, A., and E. Reichel (1975), The World Ocean Water Balance, Mean Annual Global, Continental and Maritime Precipitation, Evaporation and Runoff, 179 pp., Elsevier Sci., New York.
3. Boyer, T. P., S. Levitus, J. Antonov, M. Conkright, T. O'Brein, C. Stephens, and B. Trotsenko (1998), World Ocean Atlas 1998, vol. 6, Salinity of the Indian Ocean, NOAA Atlas NESDIS 32, 166 pp., Natl. Oceanic and Atmos. Admin., Silver Spring, Md.
4. Conkright, M. E., et al. (2001), World Ocean Database 2001, CD-ROM Data Set Documentation, 137 pp, National Oceanogr. Data Cent., Silver Spring, Md.
5. Cooper, N. S. (1988), The effect of salinity in tropical ocean models, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 18, 697-707.
6. Curtis, S., G. J. Huffman, and R. F. Adler (2002), Precipitation anomalies in the tropical Indian Ocean and their relation to the initiation of El Niño, Geophys. Res. Lett., 29(10), 1441, doi:10.1029/2001GL013399.
7. Delcroix, T. (1998), Observed surface oceanic and atmospheric variability in the tropical Pacific at seasonal and ENSO timescales: A tentative review, J. Geophys. Res., 103(C9), 18,611-18,633.
8. Donguy, J. R., and G. Meyers (1996), Seasonal variations of sea-surface salinity and temperature in the tropical Indian Ocean, Deep Sea Res., Part I, 43, 117-138.
9. Gopalakrishna, V. V., V. S. N. Murty, D. Sengupta, S. S. C. Shenoi, and N. Araligidad (2002), Upper ocean stratification and circulation in the northern Bay of Bengal during southwest monsoon of 1991, Cont. Shelf Res., 22, 791-802.
10. Gordon, A. L., R. Dwi Susanto, and A. L. Field (1999), Throughflow within Makassar Strait, Geophys. Res. Lett., 26, 3325-3328.
11. Han, W., and J. P. McCreary (2001), Modeling salinity distributions in the Indian Ocean, J. Geophys. Res., 106, 859-877.
12. Han, W., J. P. McCreary, and K. E. Kohler (2001), Influence of precipitation minus evaporation and Bay of Bengal rivers on dynamics, thermodynamics, and mixed layer physics in the upper Indian Ocean, J. Geophys. Res., 106, 6895-6916.
13. Harris, L. D. (1974), Finite spectrum analysis of wave records, paper presented at International Symposium on Ocean Wave Measurements and Analysis, Am. Soc. of Civ. Eng., New York.
14. Hastenrath, S., and P. J. Lamb (1979), Climatic Atlas of the Indian Ocean: Part I. Surface Climate and Atmospheric Circulation, Univ. of Wis. Press, Madison.
15. Hires, R. I., and R. B. Montgomery (1972), Navifacial temperature and salinity along the track from Samoa to Hawaii, 1957-1965, J. Mar. Res., 30, 177-200.
16. Johnson, E. S., G. S. E. Lagerloef, J. T. Gunn, and F. Bonjean (2002), Surface salinity advection in the tropical oceans compared with atmospheric freshwater forcing: A trial balance, J. Geophys. Res., 107(C12), 8014, doi:10.1029/2001JC001122.
17. Josey, S. A., E. C. Kent, and P. K. Taylor (1998), The Southampton Oceanography Centre (SOC) ocean atmosphere heat, momentum and freshwater flux atlas, Rep. 6, 30 pp., Southampton Oceanogr. Cent., Southampton, UK.
18. Lagerloef, G. S. E., C. T. Swift, and D. M. LeVine (1995), Sea surface salinity: The next remote sensing challenge, Oceanography, 8, 44-50.
19. Levitus, S., R. Burgett, and T. P. Boyer (1994), World Ocean Atlas 1994, vol. 3, Salinity, NOAA Atlas NESDIS 4, 99 pp., Natl. Oceanic and Atmos. Admin., Silver Spring, Md.
20. Maghanani, V., J. Morrison, L. Xie, and B. Subrahmanyam (2002), Heat budget of the Indian Ocean estimated from TOPEX/Poseidon altimetry and model simulations, Deep Sea Res., Part II, 49, 1459-1480.
21. Mariano, A. J., E. H. Ryan, B. D. Perkins, and S. Smithers (1995), The Mariano global surface velocity analysis 1.0, USCG Tech. Rep. CG-D-34-95, 55 pp, Natl. Tech. Info. Cent., Springfield, Va.
22. Muraleedharan, P. M., and S. Prasanna Kumar (1996), Arabian Sea upwelling-A comparison between coastal and open ocean regions, Curr. Sci., 71, 842-846.
23. Murtugudde, R., and A. Busalacchi (1998), Salinity effects in a tropical ocean model, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 3283-3300.
24. Murtugudde, R., and A. J. Busalacchi (1999), Interannual variability of the dynamics and thermodynamics, and mixed layer processes in the Indian Ocean, J. Clim., 12, 2300-2326.
25. Murtugudde, R., J. P. McCreary, and A. J. Busalacchi (2000), Oceanic processes associated with anomalous events in the Indian Ocean with relevance to 1997-1998, J. Geophys. Res., 105, 3295-3306.
26. Murty, C. S., and V. S. N. Murty (2001), The physical oceanography, in The Indian Ocean-A Perspective, vol. 1, edited by R. Sen Gupta and E. Desa, 396 pp., Oxford and IBH, New Delhi.
27. Murty, V. S. N., Y. V. B. Sarma, D. P. Rao, and C. S. Murty (1992), Water characteristics, mixing and circulation in the Bay of Bengal during southwest monsoon, J. Mar. Res., 50, 207-228.
28. Murty, V. S. N., Y. V. B. Sarma, and D. P. Rao (1996), Variability of the oceanic boundary layer characteristics in the northern Bay of Bengal during MONTBLEX-90, Proc. Indian Acad. Sci., 105, 41-61.
29. Murty, V. S. N., M. S. S. Sarma, and V. Tilvi (2000a), Seasonal cyclogenesis and the role of near surface stratified layer in the Bay of Bengal, paper presented at PORSEC 2000, Sci. Organ. Comm. of PORSEC, Goa, India.
30. Murty, V. S. N., G. V. M. Gupta, V. V. Sarma, B. P. Rao, D. Jyothi, P. N. M. Shastry, and Y. Supraveena (2000b), Effect of vertical stability and circulation on the deep-chlorophyll maximum in the Bay of Bengal during May-June, 1996, Deep Sea Res., 47, 859-873.
31. Murty, V. S. N., B. Subrahmanyam, M. S. S. Sarma, V. Tilvi, and V. Ramesh Babu (2002), Estimation of sea surface salinity in the Bay of Bengal using Outgoing Longwave Radiation, Geophys. Res. Lett., 29 16), 1775, doi:10.1029/2001GL014424.
32. Panchawagh, N. V., and P. Seetaramayya (2002), Spatio-temporal variations of convection and rainfall over Indian Ocean warm pool, Indian J. Radio Space Phys., 31, 34-48.
33. Perigaud, C., J. P. McCreary Jr., and K. Q. Zhang (2003), Impact of interannual rainfall anomalies on the Indian Ocean salinity and temperature variability, J. Geophys. Res., 108(C10), 3319, doi:10.1029/2002JC001699.
34. Pond, S., and G. L. Pickard (1983), Introductory Dynamic Oceanography 241 pp., Pergamon, New York.
35. Prasad, T. G. (1997), Annual and seasonal mean buoyancy fluxes for the tropical Indian Ocean, Curr Sci., 73, 667-674.
36. Ramesh Babu, V., V. S. N. Murty, L. V. G. Rao, C. V. Prabhu, and V. Tilvi (2000), Thermohaline structure and circulation in the upper layers of the southern Bay of Bengal during BOBMEX-Pilot (October-November 1998), Proc. Indian Acad. Sci., 109, 255-265.
37. Rao, R. R., and R. Sivakumar (2003), Seasonal variability of sea surface salinity and salt budget of the mixed layer of the north Indian Ocean, J. Geophys. Res., 108(C1), 3009, doi:10.1029/2001JC000907.
38. Rao, S. A., V. V. Gopalakrishna, S. R. Shetye, and T. Yamagata (2002), Why were cool SST anomalies absent in the Bay of Bengal during the 1997 Indian Ocean Dipole Event, Geophys. Res. Lett., 29(11), 1555, doi:10.1029/2001GL014645.
39. Saji, N. H., B. N. Goswami, P. N. Vinaychandran, and T. Yamagata (1999), A dipole mode in the tropical Indian Ocean, Nature, 401(6751), 360-363.
40. Shankar, D., P. N. Vinaychandran, and A. S. Unnikrishnan (2002), The monsoon currents in the north Indian Ocean, Prog. Oceanogr., 52, 63-120.
41. Shenoi, S. S. C., D. Shankar, and S. R. Shetye (2002), Differences in heat budget of the near surface Arabian Sea and Bay of Bengal: Implications for the summer monsoon, J. Geophys. Res., 107(C6), 3052, doi:10.1029/2000JC000679.
42. Shi, W., B. Subrahmanyam, and J. Morrison (2003), Estimation of heat and salt variability in the Indian Ocean from TOPEX/Poseidon altimetry, J. Geophys. Res., 108(C7), 3214, doi:10.1029/2001JC001244.
43. Somayajulu, Y. K., V. S. N. Murty, and Y. V. B. Sarma (2003), Seasonal and inter-annual variability of surface circulation in the Bay of Bengal from TOPEX/Poseidon altimetry, Deep Sea Res., Part II, 50, 867-880.
44. Suryanarayana, A., V. S. N. Murty, and D. P. Rao (1993), Hydrography and circulation of the Bay of Bengal during early winter, 1983, Deep Sea Res., 40, 205-217.
45. Thompson, R. O. R. Y. (1979), Coherence significance levels, J. Atmos. Sci., 36, 2020-2021.
46. Unnikrishnan, A. S., V. S. N. Murty, M. T. Baby, C. K. Gopinathan, and R. J. K. Charyulu (2001), Anomalous current structure in the eastern equatorial Indian Ocean during the south-west monsoon of 1994, Mar. Freshwater Res., 52, 727-734.
47. Vinayachandran, P. N., and S. R. Shetye (1991), The warm pool in the Indian Ocean, Proc. Indian Acad. Sci., 100, 165-175.
48. Vinayachandran, P. N., V. S. N. Murty, and V. Ramesh Babu (2002), Observations of barrier layer formation in the Bay of Bengal during southwest monsoon, J. Geophys. Res., 107(C12), 8018, doi:10.1029/ 2001JC000831.
49. Waliser, D. E., N. E. Graham, and C. Gautier (1993), Comparison of the highly reflective cloud and Outgoing Longwave Radiation data sets for use in estimating tropical deep convection, J. Clim., 6, 331-353.
50. Webster, P. J., W. M. Andrew, J. P. Loschnigg, and R. R. Leben (1999), Coupled ocean-atmosphere dynamics in the Indian Ocean during 1997-98, Nature, 40, 356-360.
51. Xie, P., and P. A. Arkin (1997), Global precipitation: A 17-year monthly analysis based on gauge observations, satellite estimates and numerical model outputs, Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 78, 2539-2558.