How people with intellectual disabilities view their social identity: A review of the literature

Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities

Volumn 18, Issue 1, 2005, Pages 47-56

  Beart, Suzie ^a   Hardy, Gillian ^a   Buchan, Linda ^a  

^a Lightwood House ^*  (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Identity; Intellectual disabilities; Stigma

Indexed keywords

EID: 14644439890     PISSN: 13602322     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-3148.2004.00218.x     Document Type: Article

References (56)

1. APA (1994) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th edn). American Psychiatric Association, Washington, DC, USA.
2. Atkinson D. & Williams F. (eds) (1990) Know Me as I Am: An Anthology of Poetry and Art by People with Learning Disabilities. Hodder and Stoughton, London, UK.
3. Banton M. (1983) RACIAL and ETHNIC Competition. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
4. Baxter C., Poonia K., Ward L. & Nadirshaw Z. (1990) Double Discrimination: Issues and Services for People with Learning Difficulties from Black and Ethnic Minority Communities, Kings Fund and commission for Racial equality, London, UK.
5. Breakwell G. M. (1986) Coping with Threatened Identities. Meuthuen, London, UK.
6. Brown H. & Smith H. (1992) Assertion not assimilation: a feminist perspective on the normalisation principle. In Normalisation: A Reader for the Nineties (eds H. Brown & H. Smith), pp. 149-171. Routledge, London, UK.
7. Burkitt I. (1991) Social Selves: Theories of the Social formation of Personality, Sage, London, UK.
8. Burns J. (2000) Gender identity and women with learning difficulties: the third sex. Clinical Psychology forum 137, 137-139.
9. Chappell A. (1999) Research and people with learning difficulties. In Therapy and Learning Difficulties (eds T. Swain & S. French), pp. 103-114. Butterworth-Heinemann, Oxford, UK.
10. Chappell A. L. (1994) A question of friendship: community care and the relationships of people with learning difficulties. Disability and Society 11, 419-433.
11. Craib I. (1998) Experiencing Identity. Sage, London, UK.
12. Cunningham C. C., Glenn S. & Fitzpatrick H. (2000) Parents telling their offspring about Down Syndrome and disability. Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities 13, 47-61.
13. Davies C. (1998) Constructing other selves: competence and the category of learning difficulties. In Questions of Competence: Culture, Classification and Intellectual Disability (ed. R. Jenkins), pp. 102-124. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.
14. Davies C. & Jenkins R. (1997) She has different fits to me: How people with learning difficulties see themselves. Disability and Society 12, 95-109.
15. Deaux K. (1992) Personalising Identity and Socialising self. In Social Psychology of Identity and the Self Concept (ed. G. Breakwell), pp. 9-34. Surrey University Press, Guildford, UK.
16. Edgerton R. (1967) The Cloak of Competence. University of California Press, Berkeley, CA, USA.
17. Emerson E. (1992) What is normalisation? In Normalisation: A Reader for the Nineties (eds H. Brown & H. Smith), pp. 1-18. Routledge, London, UK.
18. Fine M. & Asch A. (1988) Disability beyond stigma: social interaction, discrimination and activism. Journal of Social Issues 44, 3-21.
19. Finlay M. & Lyons E. (1998) Social identity and people with learning difficulties: implications for self advocacy groups. Disability and Society 13, 37-57.
20. Freud S. (1923) The Ego and the Id. Hogarth Press, London, UK.
21. Gerber D. A. (1990) Listening to disabled people: the problem of voice and authority in Robert B. Edgerton's 'The Cloak of Competence'. Disability, Handicap and Society 5, 3-23.
22. Gillman M., Heyman B. & Swain J. (2000) What's in a name? The implications of diagnosis for people with learning difficulties and their family carers. Disability and Society 15, 389-409.
23. Glaser B. & Strauss A. (1964) Awareness contexts and social interaction. American Sociological Review 29, 669-679.
24. Goffman E. (1968) Stigma. Harmondsworth Press, Middlesex, UK.
25. Harris P. (1995) Who am I? Concepts of disability and their implications for people with learning difficulties. Disability and Society 10, 341-351.
26. Hastings R. P., Sonuga-Barke E. J. S. & Remmington B. (1993) An analysis of labels for people with learning disabilities. British Journal of Clinical Psychology 32, 463-465.
27. Hatton C. (1998) Intellectual disability: epidemiology and causes. In Clinical Psychology and People with Intellectual Disabilities (eds E. Emerson, C. Hatton, J. Bromley & A. Caine), pp. 20-38. Wiley, London, UK.
28. Hughs E. C. (1945) Dilemmas and contradictions of status. American Journal of Sociology 4, 353-359.
29. Hurrelmann K. (1988) Social Structure and Personality Development: The Individual as a Productive Processor of Reality. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.
30. Jahoda A., Markova I. & Cattermole M. (1989) Stigma and the self concept of people with a mild mental handicap. Journal of Mental Deficiency Research 32, 103-115.
31. Jenkins R. (1996) Social Identity. Routledge, London, UK.
32. Khan R.F (1985) Mental retardation and paternalistic control. In Moral Issues in Mental Retardation (eds R. S. Laura & A. F. Ashman), Croom Helm, London, UK.
33. Koller H., Richardson S. A. & Katz M. (1988) Marriage in a young mental retardation population. Journal of Mental Deficiency Research 32, 93-102.
34. Kubler-Ross E. (1970) On Death and Dying. Tavistock Publications, London, UK.
35. Lea S. J. (1988) Mental retardation: social construction of clinical reality? Disability, Handicap and Society 3, 63-69.
36. Manion M. & Bersani H. (1987) Mental retardation as a western sociological construct: a cross cultural analysis. Disability, Handicap and Society 2, 231-244.
37. Mead G. H. (1934) Mind, Self and Society: From the Standpoint of a Social Behaviourist. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, IL, USA.
38. O'Connor P. (1992) Friendships Between Women: A Critical Review. Harverster Wheat Sheaf, London, UK.
39. Oliver M. & Barnes C. (1983) Disabled People and Social Policy. Addison, Wesley Longman, New York, NY, USA.
40. Rapley M., Kiernan P. & Antaki C. (1998) Invisible to themselves or negotiating identity? The interactional management of 'being intellectually disabled'. Disability and Society 13, 807-827.
41. Reiss S. & Szysko J. (1983) Diagnostic overshadowing and professional experience with mentally retarded people. American Journal of Mental deficiency 87, 396-402.
42. Reiss S., Levitan G. W. & McNally R. J. (1982a) Emotionally disturbed mentally retarded people: an under-served population. American Psychologist April, 361-367.
43. Reiss S., Levitan G. W. & Szysko J. (1982b) Emotional disturbance and mental retardation: diagnostic overshadowing. American Journal of Mental deficiency 86, 567-574.
44. Scior K. (2000) Women with disabilities: gendered subjects after all? Clinical Psychology Forum 137, 6-10.
45. Simons K. (1992) Sticking Up for Yourself: Self-advocacy and People with Learning Difficulties. Joseph Rowntree Foundation, York, UK.
46. Sinason V. (1992) Mental Handicap and the Human Condition: New Approaches from the Tavistock. Free Association Books, London, UK.
47. Stokes J. & Sinason V. (1992) Secondary mental handicap as a defence. In Psychotherapy and Mental Handicap (eds A. Waitman & S. Conboy-Hill), pp. 46-58 Sage Publications, London, UK.
48. Szivos S. (1992) The limits to integration? In Normalisation: A Reader for the Nineties (eds H. Brown & H. Smith), Routledge, London, UK.
49. Szivos S. & Griffiths E. (1992) Transactional analysis as a theory of interpersonal behaviour and as a psychotherapeutic model. In Psychotherapy and Mental Handicap (eds A. Waitman & S. Conboy-Hill), pp. 58-80. Sage Publications, London, UK.
50. Thomas D. (1982) The Experience of Handicap. Methuen, London, UK.
51. Todd S. & Shearn J. (1995) Family Secrets and Dilemmas of Status: Parental Management of Disclosure of 'Learning Disability'. Welsh Centre for Learning Disabilities-Applied Research Unit, Cardiff, UK.
52. Todd S. & Shearn J. (1997) Family dilemmas and secrets: parents' disclosure of information to their adult offspring with learning disabilities. Disability and Society 12, 341-366.
53. Walmsley J. & Downer J. (1997) Shouting the loudest: self advocacy, power and diversity. In Empowerment in Everyday Life: Learning Disability (eds P. Ramcharan, G. Roberts, G. Grant & J. Borland), Jessica Kingsey Publishers Ltd, London, UK.
54. Wertheimer A. (1983) Leisure. Values into Action, London, UK.
55. White Paper (2001) Valuing People: A New Strategy for Learning Disability for the 21st Century. Department of Health, London, UK.
56. Wolfensberger W. (1972) The Principles of Normalisation in Human Services. National institute on mental retardation, Toronto, ON, Canada.