Efficacy in evidence-based practice

Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy

Volumn 10, Issue 6, 2003, Pages 328-336

  Bower, Peter ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MANCHESTER   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; CLINICAL PRACTICE; CLINICAL STUDY; CLINICAL TRIAL; CORRELATION ANALYSIS; EVIDENCE BASED MEDICINE; HEALTH CARE QUALITY; HUMAN; MEDICAL RESEARCH; MENTAL HEALTH; METHODOLOGY; PATIENT CARE; PATIENT COUNSELING; PRIMARY MEDICAL CARE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PSYCHOTHERAPY; TREATMENT OUTCOME; UNITED KINGDOM; VALIDATION PROCESS;

EID: 14644414809     PISSN: 10633995     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/cpp.380     Document Type: Article

References (66)

1. Altman, D. (1996). Better reporting of randomised controlled trials: the CONSORT statement. British Medical Journal, 313, 570-571.
2. Altman, D., & Bland, M. (1995). Absence of evidence is not evidence of absence. British Medical Journal, 311, 485.
3. Altman, D., & Bland, M. (1999a). Treatment allocation in controlled trials: why randomise? British Medical Journal, 318, 1209.
4. Altman, D., & Bland, M. (1999b). How to randomise. British Medical Journal, 319, 703-704.
5. Altman, D., & Schulz, K. (2001). Concealing treatment allocation in randomised trials. British Medical Journal, 323, 446-447.
6. Barkham, M., & Mellor-Clark, J. (2001). Rigour and relevance: the role of practice-based evidence in the psychological therapies. In N. Rowland, & S. Goss (Eds), Evidence-based counselling and psychological therapies (pp. 127-144). London: Routledge.
7. Barkham, M., Leach, C., Lucock, M., Evans, C., Margison, F., Mellor-Clark, J., Benson, L., Connell, J., & Audin, K. (2001). Service profiling and outcomes benchmarking using the CORE-OM: toward practice-based evidence in psychological therapies. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 69, 184-196.
8. Bedi, N., Chilvers, C., Churchill, R., Dewey, M., Duggan, C., Fielding, K., Gretton, V., Miller, P., Harrison, G., Lee, A., & Williams, I. (2000). Assessing effectiveness of treatment of depression in primary care: partially randomised preference trial. British Journal of Psychiatry, 177, 312-318.
9. Boot, D., Gillies, P., Fenelon, J., Reubin, R., Wilkins, M., & Gray, P. (1994). Evaluation of the short-term impact of counselling in general practice. Patient Education and Counseling, 24, 79-89.
10. Bower, P., & King, M. (2000). Randomised controlled trials and the evaluation of psychological therapy. In N. Rowland, & S. Goss (Eds), Evidence-based counselling and psychological therapies (pp. 79-110). London: Routledge.
11. Bower, P., Byford, S., Sibbald, B., Ward, E., King, M., Lloyd, M., & Gabbay, M. (2000). Randomised controlled trial of non-directive counselling, cognitive-behaviour therapy and usual GP care for patients with depression. II: Cost effectiveness. British Medical Journal, 321, 1389-1392.
12. Bower, P., Rowland, N., & Hardy, R. (2003). The clinical effectiveness of counselling in primary care: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Psychological Medicine, 33, 203-215.
13. Britton, A., McKee, M., Black, N., McPherson, K., Sanderson, C., & Bain, C. (1998). Choosing between randon-dsed and non-randomised studies: a systematic review. Health Technology Assessment, 2 (13).
14. Campbell, D. (1986). Relabeling internal and external validity for applied social scientists. In W. Trochim (Ed.), Advances in quasi-experimental design and analysis (pp. 67-77). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
15. Chambless, D., & Hollon, S. (1998). Defining empirically supported therapies. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 66 7-18.
16. Chambless, D., & Ollendick, T. (2001). Empirically supported psychological interventions: controversies and evidence. Annual Review of Psychology, 52, 685-716.
17. Chilvers, C., Dewey, M., Fielding, K., Gretton, V., Miller, P., Palmer, B., Weller, D., Churchill, R., Williams, I., Bedi, N., Duggan, C., Lee, A., Harrison, G., & Counselling versus Antidepressant in Primary Care Study Group (2001). Antidepressant drugs and generic counselling of treatment of major depression in primary care: randomised trial with patient preference arms. British Medical Journal, 322, 772-775.
18. Clarke, G. (1995). Improving the transition from basic efficacy research to effectiveness studies: methodological issues and procedures. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 63, 718-725.
19. Cochrane, A. (1972). Effectiveness and efficiency: random reflections on health services. London: The Nuffield Provincial Hospitals Trust.
20. Cook, T., & Campbell, D. (1979). Quasi-experimentation - Design and analysis issues for field settings. Chicago: Rand McNally.
21. Crow, R., Gage, H., Hampson, S., Hart, J., Kimber, A., & Thomas, H. (1999). The role of expectancies in the placebo effect and their use in the delivery of health care: a systematic review. Health Technology Assessment, 3 (3).
22. Cushman, P., & Gilford, P. (2000). Will managed care change our way of being? American Psychologist, 55, 985-996.
23. Davey Smith, G., & Philips, A. (1992). Confounding in epidemiological studies: why 'independent' effects may not be all they seem. British Medical Journal, 305, 757-759.
24. Department of Health (1997). The new NHS: modern, dependable. London: HMSO.
25. Department of Health. (1998). A first class service. London: HMSO.
26. Fairhurst, K., & Dowrick, C. (1996). Problems with recruitment in a randomised controlled trial of counselling in general practice: causes and implications. Journal of Health Services and Research Policy, 1, 77-80.
27. Friedli, K., & King, M. (1996). Counselling in general practice - a review. Primary Care Psychiatry, 2, 205-216.
28. Friedli, K., King, M., Lloyd, M., & Horder, J. (1997). Randomised controlled assessment of non-directive psychotherapy versus routine general-practitioner care. Lancet, 350, 1662-1665.
29. Friedli, K., King, M., & Lloyd, M. (2000). The economics of employing a counsellor in general practice: analysis of data from a randomised controlled trial. British Journal of General Practice, 50 276-283.
30. Goldberg, D., & Huxley, F. (1992). Common mental disorders: A biosocial model. London: Routledge.
31. Grimes, D., & Schulz, K. (2002). An overview of clinical research: the lay of the land. Lancet, 359, 57-61.
32. Harvey, I., Nelson, S., Lyons, R., Unwin, C., Monaghan, S., & Peters, T. (1998). A randomized controlled trial and economic evaluation of counselling in primary care. British Journal of General Practice, 48, 1043-1048.
33. Hemmings, A. (1997). Counselling in primary care: a randomised controlled trial. Patient Education and Counseling, 32, 219-230.
34. Jacobson, N., Roberts, L., Berns, S., & McGlinchey, J. (1999). Methods for defining and determining the clinical significance of treatment effects: description, application, and alternatives. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 67, 300-307.
35. Juni, P., Altman, D., & Egger, M. (2001). Assessing the quality of controlled clinical trials. British Medical Journal, 323 42-46.
36. King, M. (1997). Brief psychotherapy in general practice: how do we measure outcome? British Journal of General Practice, 47, 136-137.
37. King, M., Broster, G., Lloyd, M., & Horder, J. (1994). Controlled trials in the evaluation of counselling in general practice. British Journal of General Practice, 44, 229-232.
38. King, M., Sibbald, B., Ward, E., Bower, P., Lloyd, M., Gabbay, M., & Byford, S. (2000). Randomised controlled trial of non-directive counselling, cognitive behaviour therapy and usual general practitioner care in the management of depression as well as mixed anxiety and depression in primary care. Health Technology Assessment, 4.
39. MacLehose, R., Reeves, B., Harvey, I., Sheldon, T., Russell, I., & Black, A. (2000). A systematic review of comparisons of effect sizes derived from randomised and non-randomised studies. Health Technology Assessment, 4 (34).
40. Mahoney, M. (1978). Experimental methods and outcome evaluation. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 46, 660-672.
41. Mellor-Clark, J., Simms-Ellis, R., & Burton, M. (2001). National survey of counsellors in primary care: Evidence for growing professionalisation. London: Royal College of General Practitioners.
42. NHS Executive. (1996). NHS psychotherapy services in England: Review of strategic policy. London: NHS Executive.
43. O'Leary, K., & Borkovec, T. (1978). Conceptual, methodological and ethical problems of placebo groups in psychotherapy research. American Psychologist, 33, 821-830.
44. Parloff, M. (1986). Placebo controls in psychotherapy research: a sine qua non or a placebo for research problems? Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 54, 79-87.
45. Persons, J., & Silberschatz, G. (1998). Are results of randomised controlled trials useful to psychotherapists? Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 66, 126-135.
46. Rice, L., & Greenberg, L. (1984). Patterns of change. New York: Guildford Press.
47. Roland, M., & Torgerson, D. (1998). What are pragmatic trials? British Medical Journal, 316, 285.
48. Roth, A., & Fonagy, P. (1996). What works for whom? A critical review of psychotherapy research. London: Guildford.
49. Sackett, D., Rosenberg, W., Gray, J., Haynes, B., & Richardson, W. Evidence-based medicine: what it is and what it is not. British Medical Journal, 312, 71-72.
50. Schulz, K., & Grimes, D. (2002a). Generation of allocation sequences in randomised trials: chance, not choice. Lancet, 359, 516-519.
51. Schulz, K., Grimes, D. (2002b). Allocation concealment in randomised trials: defending against deciphering. Lancet, 359, 614-618.
52. Schulz, K., & Grimes, D. (2002c). Unequal group sizes in randomised trials: guarding against guessing. Lancet, 359, 966-970.
53. Schulz, K., & Grimes, D. (2002d). Blinding in randomised trials: hiding who got what. Lancet, 359, 696-700.
54. Schulz, K., & Grimes, D. (2002e). Sample size slippages in randomised trials: exclusions and the lost and wayward. Lancet, 359 781-785.
55. Schulz, K., Chalmers, I., Hayes, R., & Altman, D. (1995). Empirical evidence of bias: dimensions of methodological quality associated with estimates of treatment effects in controlled trials. Journal of the American Medical Association, 273, 408-412.
56. Schwartz, D., & Lellouch, J. (1967). Explanatory and pragmatic attitudes in therapeutic trials. Journal of Chronic Diseases, 20, 637-648.
57. Seligman, M. (1995). The effectiveness of psychotherapy: the consumer reports study. American Psychologist, 50, 965-974.
58. Seligman, M. (1996). Science as an ally of practice. American Psychologist, 51, 1072-1079.
59. Sibbald, B., Addington-Hall, J., Brenneman, D., & Freeling, P. (1993). Counsellors in English and Welsh general practices: their nature and distribution. British Medical Journal, 306, 29-33.
60. Sibbald, B., Addington-Hall, J., Brenneman, D., & Freeling, P. (1996). The role of counsellors in general practice. London: Royal College of General Practitioners.
61. Simpson, S., Corney, R., Fitzgerald, P., & Beecham, J. (2000). A randomised controlled trial to evaluate the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of counselling patients with chronic depression. Health Technology Assessment, 4 (36).
62. Tanenbaum, S. (1993). What physicians know. New England Journal of Medicine, 329, 1268-1270.
63. Tolley, K., & Rowland, N. (1995). Evaluating the cost effectiveness of counselling in health care. London: Routledge.
64. Ward, E., King, M., Lloyd, M., Bower, P., Sibbald, B., Farrelly, S., Gabbay, M., Tarrier, N., & Addington-Hall, J. (2000). Randomised controlled trial of non-directive counselling, cognitive-behaviour therapy and usual GP care for patients with depression. I: Clinical effectiveness. British Medical Journal, 321 1383-1388.
65. Weisz, J., Weiss, B., & Donneberg, G. (1992) The lab versus the clinic: effects of child and adolescent psychotherapy. American Psychologist, 47, 1578-1585.
66. Wessely, S. (1996). The rise of counselling and the return of alienism. British Medical Journal, 313, 158-160.