Lowering cortisol and CVD risk in postmenopausal women: A pilot study using the transcendental meditation program

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

Volumn 1032, Issue , 2004, Pages 211-215

  Walton, Kenneth G ^a,c   Fields, Jeremy Z ^c   Levitsky, Debra K ^c   Harris, Dwight A ^c   Pugh, Nirmal D ^b   Schneider, Robert H ^c  

^a MAHARISHI UNIVERSITY OF MANAGEMENT   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF MISSISSIPPI   (United States)

^c NONE

Author keywords

Cardiovascular disease; Cortisol; Meditation; Menopause; Metabolic syndrome

Indexed keywords

GLUCOSE; HYDROCORTISONE;

AGED; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE; CLINICAL ARTICLE; CLINICAL FEATURE; CONFERENCE PAPER; CONTROLLED STUDY; CORRELATION ANALYSIS; DEMOGRAPHY; ENDOCRINE SYSTEM; FEMALE; GLUCOSE URINE LEVEL; HUMAN; HYDROCORTISONE BLOOD LEVEL; HYDROCORTISONE RELEASE; METABOLIC SYNDROME X; PILOT STUDY; POSTMENOPAUSE; PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECT; RISK FACTOR; SALIVA LEVEL; STRESS; TRANSCENDENTAL MEDITATION;

EID: 14544282786     PISSN: 00778923     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: 10.1196/annals.1314.023     Document Type: Conference Paper

References (25)

1. WENGER, N.K. 1997. Coronary heart disease: an older woman's major health risk. Brit. Med. J. 315: 1085-1090.
2. LEWIS, S.J. 2002. Cardiovascular disease in postmenopausal women: myths and reality. Am. J. Cardiol. 89: 5E-10E.
3. WELTY, F.K. 2001. Women and cardiovascular risk. Am. J. Cardiol. 88: 48J-52J.
4. NELSON, H.D., L.L. HUMPHREY, P. NYGREN, et al. 2002. Postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy: scientific review. JAMA 288: 872-881.
5. SAAB, P.G., K.A. MATTHEWS, C.M. STONEY & R.H. MCDONALD. 1989. Premenopausal and postmenopausal women differ in their cardiovascular and neuroendocrine responses to behavioral stressors. Psychophysiology 26: 270-280.
6. LINDHEIM, S.R., R.S. LEGRO, L. BERNSTEIN, et al. 1992. Behavioral stress responses in premenopausal and postmenopausal women and the effects of estrogen. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 167: 1831-1836.
7. OWENS, J.F., C.M. STONEY & K.A. MATTHEWS. 1993. Menopausal status influences ambulatory blood pressure levels and blood pressure changes during mental stress. Circulation. 88: 2794-2802.
8. MATTHEWS, K.A., J.F. OWENS, L.H. KULLER, et al. 1998. Stress-induced pulse pressure change predicts women's carotid atherosclerosis. Stroke 29: 1525-1530.
9. BAIREY MERZ, C.N., W. KOP, D.S. KRANTZ, et al. 1998. Cardiovascular stress response and coronary artery disease: evidence of an adverse postmenopausal effect in women. Am. Heart J. 135: 881-887.
10. CHAPUT, L.A., S.H. ADAMS, J.A. SIMON, et al. 2002. Hostility predicts recurrent events among postmenopausal women with coronary heart disease. Am. J. Epidemiol. 156: 1092-1099.
11. SAAB, P.O., K.A. MATTHEWS, C.M. STONEY, et al. 1989. Premenopausal and postmenopausal women differ in their cardiovascular and neuroendocrine responses to behavioral stressors. Psychophysiology 26: 270-280.
12. LINDHEIM, S.R., R.S. LEGRO, L. BERNSTEIN, et al. 1992. Behavioral stress responses in premenopausal and postmenopausal women and the effects of estrogen. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 167:1831-1836.
13. OWENS, J.F., C.M. STONEY & K.A. MATTHEWS. 1993. Menopausal status influences ambulatory blood pressure levels and blood pressure changes during mental stress. Circulation 88: 2794-802.
14. HINDERLITER, A.L., A. SHERWOOD, J.A. BLUMENTHAL, et al. 2002. Changes in hemodynamics and left ventricular structure after menopause. Am. J. Cardiol. 89: 830-833.
15. SHERWOOD, A., R. THURSTON, P. STEFFEN, et al. 2001. Blunted nighttime blood pressure dipping in postmenopausal women. Am. J. Hypertens. 14: 749-754.
16. TORNG, P.L., T.C. SU, F.C. SUNG, et al. 2002. Effects of menopause on intraindividual changes in serum lipids, blood pressure, and body weight - the Chin-Shan Community Cardiovascular Cohort study. Atherosclerosis 161: 409-415.
17. MATTHEWS, K.A., R.R. WING, L.H. KULLER, et al. 1994. Influence of the perimenopause on cardiovascular risk factors and symptoms of middle-aged healthy women. Arch. Intern. Med. 154: 2349-2355.
18. LINDQUIST, P., C. BENGTSSON, L. LISSNER, et al. 2002. Cholesterol and triglyceride concentration as risk factors for myocardial infarction and death in women, with special reference to influence of age. J. Intern. Med. 251: 484-489.
19. HERNANDEZ-ONO, A., G. MONTER-CARREOLA, J. ZAMORA-GONZALEZ, et al. 2002. Association of visceral fat with coronary risk factors in a population-based sample of postmenopausal women. Int. J. Obes. Relat. Metab. Disord. 26: 33-39.
20. VAN PELT, R.E., E.M. EVANS, K.B. SCHECHTMAN, et al. 2002. Contributions of total and regional fat mass to risk for cardiovascular disease in older women. Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab. 282: E1023-E1028.
21. WALTON, K.G., R.H. SCHNEIDER, S.I. NIDICH, et al. 2002. Psychosocial stress and cardiovascular disease 2: Effectiveness of the Transcendental Meditation program in treatment and prevention. Behav. Med. 28: 106-123.
22. WALTON, K.G., N, PUGH, P, GELDERLOOS, et al. 1995. Stress reduction and preventing hypertension: preliminary support for a psychoneuroendocrine mechanism. J. Alternative and Complementary Med. 1: 263-283.
23. JEVNING, R., A.F. WILSON & W.R. SMITH. 1978. Adrenocortical activity during meditation. Horm. Behav. 10: 54-60.
24. MACLEAN, C., K. WALTON, S. WENNEBERG, et al. 1997. Effects of the Transcendental Meditation program on adaptive mechanisms: changes in hormone levels and responses to stress after 4 months of practice. Psychoneuroendrocrinology 22: 277-295.
25. PUTTONEN, S., L. KELTIKANGAS-JARVINEN, N. RAVAJA, et al. 2003. Affects and autonomic cardiac reactivity during experimentally induced stress as relaeed to precursors of insulin resistance syndrome. Int. J. Behav. Med. 10: 106-124.