Common mechanism of toxicity: A case study of organophosphorus pesticides

Toxicological Sciences

Volumn 41, Issue 1, 1998, Pages 8-20

  Mileson, Beth E ^a   Chambers, Janice E ^b   Chen, W L ^c   Dettbarn, Wolf ^d   Ehrich, Marion ^e   Eldefrawi, Amira T ^f   Gaylor, David W ^g   Hamernik, Karen ^h   Hodgson, Ernest ⁱ   Karczmar, Alexander G ^j   Padilla, Stephanie ^k   Pope, Carey N ^l   Richardson, Rudy J ^m   Saunders, Donald R ⁿ   Sheets, Larry P ^o   Sultatos, Lester G ^p   Wallace, Kendall B ^q  

^a ILSI Risk Science Institute   (United States)

^b MISSISSIPPI STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^c DOW AGROSCIENCES LLC   (United States)

^d VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^e VIRGINIA MARYLAND REGIONAL COLLEGE OF VETERINARY MEDICINE   (United States)

^f UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^g NATIONAL CENTER FOR TOXICOLOGICAL RESEARCH   (United States)

^h US Environmental Protection Agency

ⁱ NORTH CAROLINA STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^j LOYOLA UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

^k US Environmental Protection Agency

^l UNIVERSITY OF LOUISIANA AT MONROE   (United States)

^m UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN   (United States)

ⁿ Technology Services Group

^o Bayer Corporation

^p RUTGERS NEW JERSEY MEDICAL SCHOOL   (United States)

^q UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA   (United States)

more..

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE; ORGANOPHOSPHATE PESTICIDE;

ENZYME INHIBITION; ENZYME PHOSPHORYLATION; HYPOTHESIS; INTOXICATION; NONHUMAN; REVIEW;

EID: 14444288758     PISSN: 10966080     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1006/toxs.1997.2431     Document Type: Review

References (57)

1. Abou-Donia, M. B. (1981). Organophosphorus ester-induced neurotoxicity. Annu. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol. 21, 511-548.
2. Aldridge, W. N. (1953). Serum esterases: Two types of esterase (A and B) hydrolysing p-nitrophenyl acetate, proprionate, and butyrate, and a method for their determination. Biochem. J. 53, 110-117.
3. Annau, Z. (1992). Neurobehavioral effects of organophosphorus compounds. In Organophosphates - Chemistry, Fate, and Effects (J. E. Chambers and P. E. Levi, Eds.), pp. 419-432. Academic Press, San Diego.
4. Bakry, N. M. S., El-Rashidy, A. H., Eldefrawi, A. T., and Eldefrawi, M. E. (1988). Direct actions of organophosphate anticholinesterase on nicotinic and muscarinic actelycholine receptors. J. Biochem. Toxicol. 3, 23-259.
5. Ballantyne, B., and Marrs, T. C. (1992). Clinical and Experimental Toxicology of Organophosphates and Carbamates. Butterworth-Heinemann, Oxford, England.
6. Boyes W. K., and Dyer, R. S., (1983). Pattern reversal visual evoked potentials in awake rats. Brain Res. Bull. 10, 817-823.
7. 3H] di-isopropyl phosphorofluoridate-binding proteins in hen brain. Biochem. J. 228, 537-544.
8. Chambers, J. E., and Carr, R. L. (1993). Inhibition patterns of brain acetyl-cholinesterase and hepatic and plasma alieserases following exposures to three phosphorothionate insecticides and their oxons in rats. Fundam. Appl. Toxicol. 21, 111-119.
9. Chambers, H. W. (1992). Organophosphorus compounds: An overview. In Organophosphates - Chemistry, Fate, and Effects (J. E. Chambers and P. E. Levi, Eds.), pp. 3-17. Academic Press, San Diego.
10. Chaudhuri, J., Chakraborti, T. K., Chanda, S., and Pope, C. N. (1993). Differential modulation of organophosphorus-sensitive muscarinic receptors in rat brain by parathion and chlorpyrifos. J. Biochem. Toxicol, 8, 207-216.
11. Eaton, D., and Klaassen, C. D. (1996). Principles of toxicology. In Casarett & Doull's Toxicology (C. D. Klaassen, M. O. Amdur, and J. Doull, Eds.), pp. 13-33. McGraw-Hill, New York.
12. Ecobichon, D. J. (1996). Toxic effects of pesticides. In Casarett & Doull's Toxicology (C. D. Klaassen, M. O. Amdur, and J. Doull, Eds.), pp. 643-689. McGraw-Hill, New York.
13. Eldefrawi, A. T., and Eldefrawi, M. E. (1997). Neurotransmitter receptors. In Nervous System and Behavioral Toxicology (K. R. Reuhl and H. E. Lowndes, Eds.), Vol. 11, pp. 139-153. Elsevier, Cambridge Univ. Press.
14. Eldefrawi, A. T., Jett, D., and Eldefrawi, M. E. (1992). Direct actions of organophosphorus anticholinesterases on muscarinic receptors. In Organophosphates - Chemistry, Fate, and Effects (J. E. Chambers and P. E. Levi, Eds.), pp. 258-270. Academic Press, San Diego.
15. Eldefrawi, M. E., Schweizer, G., Bakry, N. M. S., and Valdes, J. J. (1988). Desensitization of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor by diisopropylfluorophosphate. J. Biochem. Toxicol. 3, 21-32.
16. Eto, M. (1974). Organophosphorus Pesticides: Organic and Biological Chemistry. CRC Press, Cleveland.
17. Food Quality Protection Act (1996). Public Law No. 104-170.
18. Gallo, M. A., and Lawryk, N. J. (1991). Organic phosphorus pesticides. In Handbook of Pesticide Toxicology (W. J. Hayes, Jr., and E. R. Laws, Jr., Eds.), Vol. 2, pp. 917-1123. Academic Press, San Diego.
19. Guyton, A. C. (1981). The autonomie nervous system: The adrenal medulla. In Textbook of Medical Physiology (A. C. Guyton, Ed.), pp. 710-722. Saunders, Philadelphia.
20. Hardmon, J. G., and Limbird, L. E. (1996). The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics. McGraw-Hill, New York.
21. Hodgson, E., and Levi, P. E. (1996). Pesticides: An important but underused model for the environmental health sciences. Environ. Health Perspect. 104(Suppl. 1), 97-106.
22. Holmstedt, B. (1959). Pharmacology of organophosphorus cholinesterase inhibitors. Pharmacol. Rev. 11, 567-688.
23. Holmstedt, B. (1963). Structure-activity relationships of the organophosphorus anticholinesterase agents. In Cholinesterases and Anticholinesterase Agents (G. B. Koelle, Ed.), pp. 428-485. Springer-Verlag, Berlin.
24. Huff, R. A., Corcoran, J. J., Anderson, J. K., and Abou-Donia, M. B. (1994). Chlorpyrifos oxon binds directly to muscarinic receptors and inhibits cAMP accumulation in rat striatum. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 269, 329-335.
25. ILSI Risk Science Institute (1994). Report: Evaluation of Organophosphorus Compounds for Potential Toxicity of the Visual System. International Life Sciences Institute, Washington. DC.
26. Integrated Risk Information System Online (IRIS) (1997). U.S. EPA, Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Cincinnati, OH.
27. Jett, D. A., Abdallah, E. E., El-Fakahany, E. E., Eldefrawi, M. E., and Eldefrawi, A. T. (1990). High affinity activation by paraoxon of a muscarinic receptor subtype in rat brain striatum. Pestic. Biochem. Physiol. 39, 149-157.
28. Johnson, M. K. (1969). The delayed neurotoxic effect of some organophosphorus compounds. Identification of the phosphorylation site as an esterase. Biochem. J. 114, 711-717.
29. Karczmar, A. G. (1990). Physiological cholinergic functions in the CNS. In Cholinergic Neurotransmission: Functional and Clinical Aspects (S. Aquilonius and P. Gillberg, Eds.), pp. 437-466. Elsevier, Amsterdam.
30. Karczmar, A. G. (1993). Brief presentation of the story and present status of studies of the vertebrate cholinergic system. Neuropsychopharmacology 9(3), 181-199.
31. Karczmar, A. G. (1984). Acute and long lasting central actions of organophosphorus agents. Fundam. Appl. Toxicol. 4, S1-S17.
32. Katz, E. J., Cortes, V. I., Eldefrawi, M. E., and Eldefrawi, A. T. (1997). Chlorpyrifos, parathion and their oxons bind to and desensitize a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor: Relevance to their toxicities. Toxicol Appl. Pharmacol. 146, 227-236.
33. Levi, P. E., and Hodgson, E. (1992). Metabolism of organophosphorus compounds by the flavin-containing monooxygenase. In Organophosphates - Chemistry, Fate, and Effects (J. E. Chambers and P. E. Levi, Eds.), pp. 141-154. Academic Press, San Diego.
34. Maxwell, D. M. (1992). Detoxication of organophosphorus compounds by carboxylesterase. In Organophosphates - Chemistry, Fate, and Effects (J. E. Chambers and P. E. Levi, Eds.), pp. 183-199. Academic Press, San Diego.
35. Maxwell, D. M., and Lenz, D. E. (1992). Structure-activity relationships and anticholinesterase activity. In Clinical and Experimental Toxicology of Organophosphates and Carbamates (B. Ballantyne and T. C. Marrs, Eds.), pp. 47-58. Buttersworth & Heinemann, Oxford, England.
36. Mazur, A. (1946). An enzyme in animal tissues capable of hydrolyzing the phosphorus-fluorine bond of alkyl fluorophosphates. J. Biol. Chem. 164, 271-289.
37. Mosberg, A. T., and Hayes, A. W. (1989). Subchronic toxicity testing. In Principles and Methods of Toxicology (A. W. Hayes, Ed.), pp. 221-236. Raven Press, New York.
38. National Research Council (1989). Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors: Case study of mixtures of contaminants with similar biologic effects. In Drinking Water and Health, Vol. 9, pp. 146-161. National Academy Press, Washington, DC.
39. Neal, R. A. (1980). Microsomal metabolism of the thionosulfur compounds: Mechanisms and toxicological significance. In Reviews in Biochemical Toxicology (E. H. Hodgson, J. R. Bend, and R. M. Philpot, Eds.), Vol. 2, pp. 131-171. Elsevier/North-Holland, New York.
40. Pope, C. N. C. J., and Chakraborti, T. K. (1995). Organophosphorus-sensitive cholinergic receptors: Possible role in modulation of anticholinesterase-induced toxicity. In Enzymes of the Cholinesterase Family (A. S. Balasuberamian, B. T. Doctor, P. Taylor, and D. M. Quinn, Eds.), pp. 305-312. Plenum, New York.
41. Pope, C. N., and Chakraborti, T. K. (1992). Dose-related inhibition of brain and plasma cholinesterase in neonatal and adult rats following sublethal organophosphate exposures. Toxicology 73, 35-43.
42. Pope, C. N., and Padilla, S. (1989). Chromatographic characterization of neurotoxic esterase. Biochem. Pharmacol. 38, 181-188.
43. Richardson, R. J. (1992). Interactions of organophosphorus compounds with neurotoxic esterase. In Organophosphates - Chemistry, Fate, and Effects (J. E. Chambers and P. E. Levi, Eds.), pp. 299-323. Academic Press, San Diego.
44. Richardson, R. J. (1995). Assessment of the neurotoxic potential of chlorpyrifos relative to other organophosphorus compounds: A critical review of the literature. J. Toxicol. Environ. Health 44, 135-165.
45. Rosenstock, L., Keifer, M., Daniell, W. E., McConnell, R., and Claypoole, K. (1991). Chronic central nervous system effects of acute organophosphate pesticide intoxication. Lancet 338, 223-227.
46. Savage, E. P., Keefe, T. J., Mounce, L. M., Heaton, R. K., Lewis, J. A., and Burcar, P. J. (1988). Chronic neurological sequelae of acute organophosphate pesticide poisoning. Arch. Environ. Health 43, 38-45.
47. Sette, W. F. (1991). Pesticide Assessment Guidelines, Subdivision F Hazard Evaluation: Human and Domestic Animals, Addendum 10. Series 81, 82, 83. U.S. EPA, Washington, DC.
48. Sheets, L. P., Hamilton, B. F., Sangha, G. K., and Thyssen, J. H. (1997). Subchronic neurotoxicity screening studies with six organophosphate insecticides: An assessment of behavior and morphology relative to cholinesterase inhibition. Fundam. Appl. Toxicol. 35, 101-119.
49. Silveira, C. P., Eldefrawi, A. T., and Eldefrawi, M. E. (1990). Putative M2 muscarinic receptors of rat heart have high affinity for organophosphorus anticholinesterases. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 103, 474-481.
50. Steenland, K., Jenkins, B., Ames, R. G., O'Malley, M., Chrislip, D., and Russo, J. (1994). Chronic neurological sequelae to organophosphate pesticide poisoning. Am. J. Pub. Health 84, 731-736.
51. Stephens, R., Spurgeon, A., Calvert, I. A., Beach, J., Levy, L. S., and Harrington, J. M. (1995). Neuropsychological effects of long-term exposure to organophosphates in sheep dip. Lancet 345, 1135-1139.
52. Tandon, P., Padilla, S., Barone, S., Jr., Pope, C. N., and Tilson, H. A. (1994). Fenthion produces a persistent decrease in muscarinic receptor function in the adult rat retina. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 125, 271-280.
53. U.S. EPA. (1997). Issues paper: Guidance for establishing a common mechanism of toxicity for use in combined risk assessments. Dated February 11, presented to the FIFRA Scientific Advisory Panel March 20, 1997. U.S. EPA, Washington, DC.
54. Ward, T. R., and Mundy, W. R. (1996). Organophosphorus compounds preferentially affect second messenger systems coupled to M2/M4 receptors in rat frontal cortex. Brain Res. Bull. 39, 49-55.
55. Watanable, A. M. (1989). Cholinoceptor-activating drugs. In Basic and Clinical Pharmacology (B. G. Katzung, Ed.), pp. 70-105. Appleton & Lange, East Norwalk.
56. Watson, M., Roeske, W. R., Vickroy, T. W., Smith, T. L., Akiyama, K., Gulya, D., Duckles, S. P., Serra, M., Adem, A., Nordberg, A., Gehlert, D. R., Wamsley, J. K., and Yamamura, H. I. (1986). Biochemical and functional basis of putative muscarinic receptor subtypes and its implications. Trends Pharmacol. Sci. 7(Suppl.), 46-55.
57. Wills, J. H. (1970). Toxicity of anticholinesterases and treatment of poisoning. In Anticholinesterase Agents (A. G. Karczmar, Ed.), pp. 355-469. Pergamon Press, Oxford.