Shyness and Computer-Mediated Communication: A Self-Presentational Theory Perspective

Media Psychology

Volumn 6, Issue 1, 2004, Pages 1-22

  Stritzke, Werner G K ^a   Nguyen, Anh ^a   Durkin, Kevin ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF WESTERN AUSTRALIA   (Australia)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 1442286244     PISSN: 15213269     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1207/s1532785xmep0601_1     Document Type: Article

References (65)

1. Amichai-Hamburger, Y., & Ben-Artzi, E. (2003). Loneliness and Internet use. Computers in Human Behavior.
2. Andrews, G., Creamer, M., Crino, R. D., Hunt, C., Lampe, L. A., & Page, A. C. (2002). The treatment of anxiety disorders: Clinician guides and patient manuals (2nd ed.). New York: Cambridge University Press.
3. Baker, S. R., & Edelmann, R. J. (2002). Is social phobia related to lack of social skills? Duration of skill-related behaviours and ratings of behavioural adequacy. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 41, 243-257.
4. Barlow, D. H., Esler, J. L., & Vitali, A. E. (1998). Psychosocial treatments for panic disorders, phobia, and generalized anxiety disorder. In P. E. Nathan & J. M. Gorman (Eds.), A guide to treatments that work (pp. 288-318). New York: Oxford University Press.
5. Baym, N. (1995). The emergence of community in computer-mediated communication. In S. G. Jones (Ed.), Cybersociety: Computer-mediated communication and community (pp. 138-163). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
6. Bowlby, J. (1980). Attachment and loss: Vol. 3. Loss, sadness, and depression. New York: Basic Books.
7. Bruch, M. A., Berko, E. H., & Haase, R. F. (1998). Shyness, masculine ideology, physical attractiveness, and emotional inexpressiveness: Testing a mediational model of men's interpersonal competence. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 45, 84-97.
8. Buhrmester, D., Furman, W., Wittenberg, M. T., & Reis, H. T. (1988). Five domains of interpersonal competence in peer relationships. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 55, 991-1008.
9. Cheek, J. M. (1983). The revised Cheek and Buss shyness scale. Unpublished manuscript, Wellesley College, Wellesley MA.
10. Cheek, J. M., & Buss, A. H. (1981). Shyness and sociability. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 41, 330-339.
11. Chenault, B. G. (1998). Developing personal and emotional relationships via computer-mediated communication. CMC Magazine, 5. Retrieved January 6, 2003, from http://www.december.com/cmc/mag/1998/may/chenault.html
12. Chesebro, J. (1985). Computer-mediated interpersonal communication. In B. Ruben (Ed.), Information and behavior (p. 1). New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers.
13. Crozier, W. R. (1990). Social psychological perspectives on shyness, embarrassment, and shame. In W. R. Crozier (Ed.), Shyness and embarrassment: Perspectives from social psychology (pp. 19-58). New York: Cambridge University Press.
14. Cummings, J. N., Butler, B., & Kraut, J. (2002). The quality of online social relationships. Communications of the ACM, 45, 103-108.
15. Daft, R. L., & Lengel, R. H. (1986). Organizational information requirements, media richness and structural design. Management Science, 32, 554-571.
16. Dietz-Uhler, B., & Bishop-Clark, C. (2001). The use of computer-mediated communication to enhance subsequent face-to-face discussions. Computers in Human Behavior, 17, 269-283.
17. Downey, G., & Feldman, S. I. (1996). Implications of rejection sensitivity for intimate relationships. Journal of Personal and Social Psychology, 70, 1327-1343.
18. Edelmann, R. J. (1987). The psychology of embarrassment. New York: Wiley.
19. Feldman, S. I., & Downey, G. (1994). Rejection sensitivity as a mediator of the impact of childhood exposure to family violence on adult attachment behavior. Development and Psychopathology, 6, 231-247.
20. Garcia-Palacios, A., Hoffman, H. G., See, S. K., Tsai, A., & Botella, C. (2001). Redefining therapeutic success with virtual reality exposure therapy. Cyberpsychology & Behavior, 4, 341-348.
21. Glass, C. R., & Arnkoff, D. B. (1989). Behavioral assessment of social anxiety and social phobia. Clinical Psychology Review, 9, 75-90.
22. Gross, E. F., Juvonen, J., & Gable, S. L. (2002). Internet use and well-being in adolescence. Journal of Social Issues, 58, 75-90.
23. Haythornthwaite, C., Wellman, B., & Garton, L. (1998). Work and community via computer-mediated communication. In J. Gackenbach (Ed.), Psychology and the Internet: Intrapersonal, interpersonal, and transpersonal implications (pp. 199-226). San Diego, CA: Academic.
24. Henderson, L., & Zimbardo, P. (1998). Shyness. In H. S. Friedman (Ed.), Encyclopaedia of mental health (pp. 497-509). San Diego: Academic.
25. Henderson, L., & Zimbardo, P. G. (2001). Shyness as a clinical condition: The Stanford model. In W. R. Crazier & L. E. Alden (Eds.), International hand-book of social anxiety: Concepts, research and interventions relating to the self and shyness (pp. 431-447). New York: Wiley.
26. Henderson, L. M, Zimbardo, P. G., & Carducci, B. J. (2001). Shyness. In W. E. Craighead & C. B. Nemeroff (Eds.), The Corsini encyclopaedia of psychology and behavioral science (3rd ed., pp. 1522-1523). New York: Wiley.
27. Herzberg, D. S., Hammen, C., Burge, D., Daley, S. E., Davila, J., & Lindberg, N. (1998). Social competence as a predictor of chronic interpersonal stress. Personal Relationships, 5, 207-218.
28. Jackson, T., Towson, S., & Narduzzi, K. (1997). Predictors of shyness: A test of variables associated with self-presentational models. Social Behavior and Personality, 25, 149-154.
29. Jacobsen, D. (1999). Impression formation in Cyberspace: Online expectations and offline experiences in text-based virtual communities. Journal of Computer Mediated Communication, 5, 1-30.
30. Joinson, A. (1998). Causes and implications of disinhibited behavior on the Internet. In J. Gackenbach (Ed.), Psychology and the Internet: Intrapersonal, interpersonal, and transpersonal implications (pp. 43-60). San Diego, CA: Academic.
31. Joinson, A. N. (2001). Self-disclosure in computer-mediated communication: The role of self-awareness and visual anonymity. European Journal of Social Psychology, 31, 177-192.
32. Jones, W. H., Briggs., S. R., & Smith, T. G. (1986). Shyness: Conceptualization and measurement. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51, 629-639.
33. Kiesler, S., Siegel, J., & McGuire, T. W. (1984). Social psychological aspects of computer-mediated communication. American Psychologist, 39, 1123-1134.
34. King, S. A., & Moreggi, D. (1998). Internet therapy and self help groups - the pros and cons. In J. Gackenbach (Ed.), Psychology and the Internet: Intrapersonal, interpersonal and transpersonal implications (pp. 77-109). San Diego, CA: Academic.
35. Kraut, R., Kiesler, S., Boneva, B., Cummings, J., Helgeson, V., & Crawford, A. (2002). Internet paradox revisited. Journal of Social Issues, 58, 49-74.
36. Kraut, R., Lundmark, V., Patterson, M., Kiesler, S., Mukopadhyay, T., & Scherlis, W. (1998). Internet paradox: A social technology that reduces social involvement and psychological well-being? American Psychologist, 53, 1017-1031.
37. LaRose, R., Eastin, M. S., & Gregg, J. (2001). Reformulating the Internet paradox: Social cognitive explanations of Internet use and depression. Journal of Online Behavior, 1(2). Retrieved January 6, 2003, from http://www.behavior.net/JOB/v1n2/paradox.html
38. Lea, M., & Spears, R. (1995). Love at first byte? Building personal relationships over computer networks. In J. T. Wood & S. Duck (Eds.), Under-studied relationships: Off the beaten track (pp. 197-233). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
39. Leary, M. R. (2001). Shyness and the self: Attentional, motivational, and cognitive self-processes in social anxiety and inhibition. W. R. Crazier & L. E. Alden (Eds.), International handbook of social anxiety: Concepts, research and interventions relating to the self and shyness (pp. 217-234). New York: Wiley.
40. Leary, M. R., & Buckley, K. E. (2001). Shyness and the pursuit of social acceptance. In W. R. Crazier (Ed.), Shyness: Development, consolidation and change (pp. 139-153). New York: Routledge.
41. McKenna, K. Y. A., & Bargh, J. A. (1999). Causes and consequences of social interaction on the Internet: A conceptual framework. Media Psychology, 1, 249-269.
42. McKenna, K. Y. A., & Bargh, J. A. (2000). Plan 9 from cyberspace: The implications of the Internet for personality and social psychology. Personality & Social Psychology Review, 4, 57-75.
43. McKenna, K. Y. A., Green, A. S., & Gleason, M. J. (2002). Relationship formation on the Internet: What's the big attraction? Journal of Social Issues, 58, 9-32.
44. Miller, R S. (1995). On the nature of embarrassability: Shyness, social evaluation, and social skill. Journal of Personality, 63, 315-339.
45. Parks, M., & Floyd, K. (1996). Making friends in cyberspace. Journal of Communication, 46, 80-97.
46. Pilkonis, P A. (1977). Shyness, public and private, and its relationship to other measures of social behavior. Journal of Personality, 45, 585-595.
47. Pratarelli, M. E., Browne, B. L., & Johnson, K. (1999). The bits and bytes of computer/Internet addiction: A factor analytic approach. Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, & Computers, 31, 305-314.
48. Rice, R. E., & Love, G. (1987). Electronic emotion: Socioemotional content in a computer-mediated communication network. Communication Research, 14, 85-108.
49. Roberts, L. D., Smith, L. M., & Pollock, C. M. (2000). "U r a lot bolder on the net": Shyness and Internet use. In W. R. Crozier (Ed.), Shyness: Development, consolidation and change (pp. 121-138). New York: Routledge.
50. Robson, D. (1998). Intimacy and computer communication. British Journal of Guidance and Counselling, 26, 33-41.
51. Rothbaum, B. O., & Hodges, L. F. (1999). The use of virtual reality exposure in the treatment of anxiety disorders. Behavior Modification, 23, 507-525.
52. Scharlott, B. W., & Christ, W. G. (1995). Overcoming relationship-initiation barriers: The impact of a computer-dating system on sex role, shyness, and appearance inhibitions. Computers in Human Behavior, 11, 191-204.
53. Schlenker, B. R. (1980). Impression management: The self-concept, social identity, and interpersonal relations. Monterey, CA: Brooks/Cole.
54. Schlenker, B. R., & Leary, M. R. (1982). Social anxiety and self-presentation: A conceptualization and model. Psychological Bulletin, 92, 641-669.
55. Schmidt, L. A., & Fox, N. A. (1995). Individual differences in young adults' shyness and sociability: Personality and health correlates. Personality and Individual Differences, 19, 455-462.
56. Siegel, J., Dubrovsky, V., Kiesler, S., & McGuire, T. W. (1986). Group processes in computer-mediated communication. Organizational Behavior & Human Decision Processes, 37, 157-187
57. Stoll, C. (1996). Silicon snake oil: Second thoughts on the information highway. New York: Anchor.
58. Tidwell, L. C., & Walther, J. B. (2002). Computer-mediated communication effects on disclosure, impressions, and interpersonal evaluations: Getting to know one another a bit at a time. Human Communication Research, 28, 317-348.
59. Turkle, S. (1995). Life on the screen: Identity in the age of the Internet. New York: Simon & Schuster.
60. Tyler, T. R. (2002). Is the Internet changing social life? It seems the more things change, the more they stay the same. Journal of Social Issues, 58, 195-205.
61. Utz, S. (2000). Social information processing in MUDs: The development of friendships in virtual worlds. Journal of Online Behavior, 1(1). Retrieved January 6, 2003, from http://www.behavior.net/JOB/v1n1/utz.html
62. Wästlund, E., Korlander, T., & Archer, T. (2001). Internet blues revisited: Replication and extension of an Internet paradox study. CyperPsychology & Behavior, 4, 385-391.
63. Walther, J. B. (1996). Computer-mediated communication: Impersonal, interpersonal, and hyperpersonal interaction. Communication Research, 23, 3-43.
64. Walther, J. B., & Boyd, S. (2002). Attraction to computer-mediated social support. In C. A. Lin & D. Atkin (Eds.), Communication technology and society: Audience adoption and uses (pp. 153-188). Cresskill, NJ: Hampton.
65. Walther, J. B., & Tidwell, L. C. (1996). When is mediated communication not interpersonal? In K. M. Galvin & P. J. Cooper (Eds.), Making connections: Readings in relational communication (pp. 300-307). Los Angeles: Roxbury Publishing Co.