Initial years of recreational artistic gymnastics training improves lumbar spine bone mineral accrual in 4- to 8-year-old females

Journal of Bone and Mineral Research

Volumn 20, Issue 3, 2005, Pages 509-519

  Laing, Emma M ^a   Wilson, Alissa R ^b   Modlesky, Christopher M ^c   O'Connor, Patrick J ^d   Hall, Daniel B ^d   Lewis, Richard D ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF GEORGIA   (United States)

^b CAMPBELL SOUP COMPANY   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF DELAWARE   (United States)

^d UNIVERSITY OF GEORGIA   (United States)

Author keywords

Artistic gymnastics; Body composition; Bone densitometry; Bone mineral accrual; Pediatrics

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; BODY COMPOSITION; BODY MASS; BONE DENSITOMETRY; BONE DENSITY; BONE MINERAL; CALCIUM INTAKE; CHILD; CONTROLLED STUDY; DIETARY INTAKE; FEMALE; FOREARM; HUMAN; LUMBAR SPINE; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; PHYSICAL ACTIVITY; PHYSICAL EDUCATION; SEXUAL MATURATION; TRAINING;

BODY SIZE; BONE DENSITY; CHILD; CHILD, PRESCHOOL; DENSITOMETRY, X-RAY; FEMALE; FOREARM; GYMNASTICS; HUMANS; LUMBAR VERTEBRAE; PUBERTY;

EID: 14344257636     PISSN: 08840431     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1359/JBMR.041127     Document Type: Article

References (57)

1. Bass SL 2000 The prepubertal years: A uniquely opportune stage of growth when the skeleton is most responsive to exercise? Sports Med 30:73-78.
2. Modlesky CM, Lewis RD 2002 Does exercise during growth have a long-term effect on bone health? Exerc Sport Sci Rev 30:171-176.
3. MacKelvie KJ, Khan KM, McKay HA 2002 Is there a critical period for bone response to weight-bearing exercise in children and adolescents? a systematic review. Br J Sports Med 36:250-257.
4. Fuchs RK, Bauer JJ, Snow CM 2001 Jumping improves hip and lumbar spine bone mass in prepubescent children: A randomized controlled trial. J Bone Miner Res 16:148-156.
5. McKay HA, Petit MA, Schutz RW, Prior JC, Barr SI, Khan KM 2000 Augmented trochanteric bone mineral density after modified physical education classes: A randomized school-based exercise intervention study in prepubescent and early pubescent children. J Rediatr 136:156-162.
6. Nickols-Richardson SM, O'Connor RJ, Shapses SA, Lewis RD 1999 Longitudinal bone mineral density changes in female child artistic gymnasts. J Bone Miner Res 14:994-1002.
7. Faulkner RA, Forwood MR, Beck TJ, Mafukidze JC, Russell K, Wallace W 2003 Strength indices of the proximal femur and shaft in prepubertal female gymnasts. Med Sci Sports Exerc 35:513-518.
8. Bass S, Pearce G, Bradney M, Hendrich E, Delmas PD, Harding A, Seeman E 1998 Exercise before puberty may confer residual benefits in bone density in adulthood: Studies in active prepubertal and retired female gymnasts. J Bone Miner Res 13:500-507.
9. Bass S, Delmas PD, Pearce G, Hendrich E, Tabensky A, Seeman E 1999 The differing tempo of growth in bone size, mass, and density in girls is region-specific. J Clin Invest 104:795-804.
10. Laing EM, Massoni JA, Nickols-Richardson SM, Modlesky CM, O'Connor PJ, Lewis RD 2002 A prospective study of bone mass and body composition in female adolescent gymnasts. J Pediatr 141:211-216
11. Kirchner EM, Lewis RD, O'Connor PJ 1995 Bone mineral density and dietary intake of female college gymnasts. Med Sci Sports Exerc 27:543-549.
12. Nickols-Richardson SM, Modlesky CM, O'Connor PJ, Lewis RD 2000 Premenarcheal gymnasts possess higher bone mineral density than controls. Med Sci Sports Exerc 32:63-69.
13. Tanner J 1962 Growth and Adolescence, 2nd ed. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, UK.
14. Lohman TG, Roche AF, Martorell R 1988 Anthropometric Standardization Reference Manual. Human Kinetics, Champaign, IL, USA.
15. Kuczmarski RJ, Ogden CL, Grummer-Strawn LM, Flegal KM, Mei Z, Wei R, Curtin LR, Roche AF, Johnson CL 2002 2000 CDC growth charts for the United States: Methods and development. Vital Health Stat 246:1-90.
16. Slemenda CW, Reister TK, Hui SL, Miller JZ, Christian JC, Johnston CC Jr 1994 Influences on skeletal mineralization in children and adolescents: Evidence for varying effects of sexual maturation and physical activity. J Pediatr 125:201-207.
17. McKay HA, Petit MA, Bailey DA, Wallace WM, Schutz RW, Khan KM 2000 Analysis of proximal femur DXA scans in growing children: Comparisons of different protocols for cross-sectional 8-month and 7-year longitudinal data. J Bone Miner Res 15:1181-1188.
18. Crawford PB, Obarzanek E, Morrison J, Sabry ZI 1994 Comparative advantage of 3-day food records over 24-hour recall and 5- day food frequency validated by observation of 9- and 10-year-old girls. J Am Diet Assoc 94:626-630.
19. Slemenda CW, Miller JZ, Hui SL, Reister TK, Johnston CC Jr 1991 Role of physical activity in the development of skeletal mass in children. J Bone Miner Res 6:1227-1233.
20. Janz K, Witt J, Mahoney L 1995 The stability of children's activity as measured by accelerometry and self-report. Med Sci Sports Exerc 27:1326-1332.
21. Trost S, Pate R, Freedson P, Sallis J, Taylor W 2000 Using objective physical activity measures with youth: How many days of monitoring are needed? Med Sci Sports Exerc 32:426-431.
22. Trost SG, Ward DS, Moorehead SM, Watson PD, Riner W, Burke JR 1998 Validity of the computer science and applications (CSA) activity monitor in children. Med Sci Sports Exerc 30:629-633.
23. Pinheiro J, Bates D 2000 Mixed-Effects Models in S and S-PLUS, 1st ed. Springer, New York, NY, USA.
24. Van Coeverden SC, De Ridder CM, Roos JC, Vant'Hof MA, Netelenbos JC, Delemarre-Van de Waal HA 2001 Pubertal maturation characteristics and the rate of bone mass development longitudinally toward menarche. J Bone Miner Res 16:774-781.
25. Rizzoli R, Bonjour JP 1999 Determinants of peak bone mass and mechanisms of bone loss. Osteoporos Int 9(Suppl 2):S17-S23.
26. Boot AM, de Ridder MAJ, Pols HAP, Krenning EP, de Muinck Keizer-Schrama SMPF 1997 Bone mineral density in children and adolescents: Relation to puberty, calcium intake, and physical activity. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 82:57-62.
27. Institute of Medicine 1997 Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium, Phosphorus, Magnesium, Vitamin D, and Flouride. Food and Nutrition Board, National Academy Press, Washington, DC, USA.
28. Taaffe DR, Snow-Harter C, Connolly DA, Robinson TL, Brown MD, Marcus R 1995 Differential effects of swimming versus weight-bearing activity on bone mineral status of eumenorrheic athletes. J Bone Miner Res 10:586-593.
29. Lehtonen-Veromaa M, Motionen T, Svedstrom E, Hakola P, Heinonen OJ, Viikari J 2000 Physical activity and bone mineral acquisition in peripubertal girls. Scand J Med Sci Sports 10:236-243.
30. Kirchner EM, Lewis RD, O'Connor PJ 1996 Effect of past gymnastics participation on adult bone mass. J Appl Physiol 80:226-232.
31. Zanker CL, Gannon L, Cooke CB, Gee KL, Oldroyd B, Truscott JG 2003 Differences in bone density, body composition, physical activity, and diet between child gymnasts and untrained children 7-8 years of age. J Bone Miner Res 18:1043-1050.
32. Haapasalo H, Kannus P, Sievanen H, Pasanen M, Uusi-Rasi K, Heinonen A, Oja P, Vuori I 1998 Effect of long-term unilateral activity on bone mineral density of female junior tennis players. J Bone Miner Res 13:310-319.
33. Bass SL, Saxon L, Daly RM, Turner CH, Robling AG, Seeman E, Stuckey S 2002 The effect of mechanical loading on the size and shape of bone in pre-, peri-, and postpubertal girls: A study in tennis players. J Bone Miner Res 17:2274-2280.
34. Karlsson M 2002 Does exercise reduce the burden of fractures? A review. Acta Orthop Scand 73:691-705.
35. Courteix D, Lespessailles E, Jaffre C, Obert P, Benhamou CL 1999 Bone material acquisition and somatic development in highly trained girl gymnasts. Acta Paediatr 88:803-808.
36. Peltenburg AL, Erich WB, Zonderland ML, Bernink MJ, VanDenBrande JL, Huisveld IA 1984 A retrospective growth study of female gymnasts and girl swimmers. Int J Sports Med 5:262-267.
37. Mackelvie KJ, McKay HA, Khan KM, Crocker PR 2001 A school-based exercise intervention augments bone mineral accrual in early pubertal girls. J Pediatr 139:501-508.
38. MacKelvie KJ, Khan KM, Petit MA, Janssen PA, McKay HA 2003 A school-based exercise intervention elicits substantial bone health benefits: A 2-year randomized controlled trial in girls. Pediatrics 112:e447.
39. Scerpella TA, Davenport M, Morganti CM, Kanaley JA, Johnson LM 2003 Dose related association of impact activity and bone mineral density in pre-pubertal girls. Calcif Tissue Int 72:24-31.
40. Petit MA, McKay HA, MacKelvie KJ, Heinonen A, Khan KM, Beck TJ 2002 A randomized school-based jumping intervention confers site and maturity-specific benefits on bone structural properties in girls: A hip structural analysis study. J Bone Miner Res 17:363-372.
41. Beck TJ, Ruff CR, Warden KE, Scott M, Scott WW, Rao GU 1990 Predicting femoral neck strength from bone mineral data. Invest Radiol 25:6-18.
42. Lloyd T, Beck TJ, Lin HM, Tulchinsky M, Eggli DF, Oreskovic TL, Cavanagh PR, Seeman E 2002 Modifiable determinants of bone status in young women. Bone 30:416-421.
43. Seeman E 2002 An exercise in geometry. J Bone Miner Res 17:373-380.
44. Caine D, Bass S, Daly R 2003 Does elite competition inhibit growth and delay maturation in some gymnasts? Quite possibly. Pediatr Exerc Sci 15:360-372.
45. Ruiz JC, Mandel C, Garabedian M 1995 Influence of spontaneous calcium intake and physical exercise on the vertebral and femoral bone mineral density of children and adolescents. J Bone Miner Res 10:675-682.
46. Johnston CCJ, Miller JZ, Slemenda CW, Reister TK, Hui S, Christian JC, Peacock M 1992 Calcium supplementation and increases in bone mineral density in children. N Engl J Med 327:82-87.
47. Matkovic V, Fontana D, Tominac C, Goel P, Chestnut CH 1990 Factors that influence peak bone mass formation: A study of calcium balance and the inheritance of bone mass in adolescent females. Am J Clin Nutr 52:878-888.
48. Bonjour JP, Carrie AL, Ferrari S, Clavien H, Slosman D, Theintz G, Rizzoli R 1997 Calcium-enriched foods and bone mass growth in prepubertal girls: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. J Clin Invest 99:1287-1294.
49. Lehtonen-Veromaa MK, Motionen TT, Nuotio IO, Irjala KM, Leino AE, Viikari JS 2002 Vitamin D and attainment of peak bone mass among peripubertal Finnish girls: A 3-y prospective study. Am J Clin Nutr 76:1446-1453.
50. Specker B, Binkley T 2003 Randomized trial of physical activity and calcium supplementation on bone mineral content in 3- to 5-year-old children. J Bone Miner Res 18:885-892.
51. Iuliano-Burns S, Saxon L, Naughton G, Gibbons K, Bass SL 2003 Regional specificity of exercise and calcium during skeletal growth in girls: A randomized controlled trial. J Bone Miner Res 18:156-162.
52. Filaire E, Lac G 2002 Nutritional status and body composition of juvenile elite female gymnasts. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 42:65-70.
53. Institute of Medicine 2002 Dietary Reference Intakes for Energy, Carbohydrate, Fiber, Fat, Fatty Acids, Cholesterol, Protein and Amino Acids. Food and Nutrition Board, National Academy Press, Washington, DC, USA.
54. Janz KF, Burns TL, Torner JC, Levy SM, Paulos R, Willing MC, Warren JJ 2001 Physical activity and bone measures in young children: The Iowa bone development study. Pediatrics 107:1387-1393.
55. Morris FL, Naughton GA, Gibbs JL, Carlson JS, Wark JD 1997 Prospective ten-month exercise intervention in premenarcheal girls: Positive effects on bone and lean mass. J Bone Miner Res 12:1453-1462.
56. Milliken G, Johnson D 2001 Analysis of Messy Data, Volume III: Analysis of Covariance. Chapman Hall/CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, USA.
57. Baxter-Jones ADG, Maffulli N, Mirwald RL 2003 Does elite competition inhibit growth and delay in maturation in some gymnasts? Probably not. Pediatr Exerc Sci 15:373-382.